That Fray Jun\u00edpero Serra (1713-1784) is the only Spaniard with a statue in the Capitol in Washington (rather than a niche in the altars) and that it was Pope Francis who on September 23, 2015 inscribed his name in the catalog of saints, is more than enough to clear the good name of this illustrious Spanish friar against any stubborn and fallacious activism or ignorance bent on spurious interests unrelated to historical truth. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Miguel Jos\u00e9 Serra Ferrer was born in the village of\nof Petra (Mallorca), on November 24, 1713, of peasant parents. And if from his\nhis mother's lips he came to know Christ, the Virgin, the creed and the first prayers, in the convent\nprayers, in the convent that the children of St. Francis of Assisi have in Petra, he learned the rudiments of the\nPetra learned the rudiments of grammar and Latin, which she perfected with those of humanities in the convent of\nof humanities in the convent of Palma de Mallorca. When he was sixteen years old\nyears he entered novitiate and on September 16, 1731 he made profession of the Rule, receiving, as a sign of new life, the\nas a sign of his new life, he received the name of Jun\u00edpero, in memory of the naive companion of St. Francis.\nna\u00efve companion of St. Francis. Endowed with the necessary gifts and intelligence\nand intelligence, he finished his doctorate in Philosophy and Theology at the Lullian University of Palma.\ntheology at the Lullian University of Palma. Thus, after his ordination to the priesthood in 1737, he was able to dedicate himself to preaching and to\nto devote himself to preaching and teaching, occupying from 1743 the chair of Scoto at the university.\nScoto at the aforementioned university.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In Friar Jun\u00edpero and other companions of the habit\nof his first biographer, Fray Francisco Palau, among others, the desire to leave for New Spain to\nto leave for New Spain to expand the work founded by the Twelve Apostles of Mexico thanks to the\nMexico, thanks to the efforts of Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s, they began the necessary steps to obtain a license\nand to gather what was necessary to embark in Cadiz on August 28, 1749.\nAugust 28, 1749. Arriving at the port of Veracruz, they made their way on foot to Mexico City, where they arrived.\nMexico City, where they arrived on January 1, 1750. After five months of missionary\nof missionary formation at the San Fernando College of Propaganda Fidei<\/em>Jun\u00edpero and seven companions were assigned to an inhospitable terrain in the Sierra Gorda de Quer\u00e9taro\nan inhospitable terrain in the Sierra Gorda of Quer\u00e9taro, inhabited by Pame Indians, whose traditions and language\nPame, whose traditions and language survive to this day thanks to Spanish protection.\nSpanish protection. As there were already settlements in the region directed by Dominicans and Augustinians\nand Augustinians, our people headed for the most unknown parts of the territory,\namong nomadic peoples still unenlightened by the faith. <\/p>\n\n\n\n They remained there until 1758, when they returned to the\nthey returned to San Fernando College to take charge of the towns north of the Rio Grande in Texas.\nnorth of the Rio Grande River in Texas. When they failed to do so, Palau returned to Sierra Gorda, while Serra remained in Mexico as a Visitor.\nSierra Gorda, while Serra remained in Mexico as Visitor of the friars and missions under the\nthe friars and missions dependent on the aforementioned college. When in 1767 the Jesuits were expelled from\nJesuits were expelled from Spain and their dominions in the West Indies, the missions of the\nthe missions of Baja California, an arid territory occupied by predator peoples, were entrusted to the\nthe missions of Baja California, an arid territory occupied by predatory peoples, were entrusted to our friars of the San Fernando College.\nFernando College, and Jun\u00edpero and fourteen friars set out for them on March 23, 1768.\n1768. <\/p>\n\n\n\n They arrived in Alta California shortly thereafter,\nalthough it was necessary to transfer some peninsular enclaves to the Dominicans.\nThe occasion came when the general visitor Jos\u00e9 de G\u00e1lvez y Gallardo\n(1720-1787), in the name of Charles III, decided to establish settlements along the Pacific coast, with the\nthe Pacific coast, with the idea of averting the danger that the subjects of the Russian tsar would descend\nRussian tsar would descend from Alaska along the coast to the south and attack the Spaniards and their missions, or\nand their missions or endanger the free movement of the important Manila Galleon.\nimportant Manila Galleon. To the series of so-called Spanish towns<\/em>guarantee of freedoms not recognized by Russia or England.\nthe Indians neither by Russia nor by England, Fray Junipero and our people were alternating\nsettlements or reductions of Indians, in accordance with the laws and methods of evangelization and\nand methods of evangelization and culture. These are the nine famous missions\nof the Camino Real, some of which have given California and the U.S.A. populous cities.\nThe nine famous missions of the Camino Real, some of which have given California and the U.S. populous cities, began in 1769 with the founding of San Diego and others that the Order\nthe Order planted after the death of the wanderer, penitent and hard-working Mallorcan\nthe death of the hard-working, penitent Mallorcan, who died at the mission of San Carlos Borromeo on August 28, 1784.\n1784. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The settlements of Indians encouraged by Jun\u00edpero were never forced, nor was the baptism of those\nJun\u00edpero were never forced, nor was the baptism of those beings, whose ingenuity and goodness he always sang of.\nwhose ingenuity and goodness he always sang of; although, to the mentality of the time, certain customs, practices and\nand horrifying certain customs, customs and sacrifices that today, ignoring them, we\ntoday, ignoring them, we dismiss them with the simple label of \"our own culture\".\nculture\". It was more than a century ago that the laws of the Spanish Crown freed the Indian from slavery and slavery.\nfrom slavery and mistreatment or abuse, although the delinquents or rebels - the Indians also\nrebels - the Indians were also the protagonists of notorious attacks and massacres,\nwould be judged and punished as any subject of the Crown on both sides of the ocean.\nof the ocean. Introduced to farming (mainly in the wine-growing and\nthe wine industry, which gives luster to present-day California), respect for the laws and social life, hygiene and hygiene\nsocial life, hygiene and personal cleanliness, or in handicrafts and any sign of civilization, the natives\nany sign of civilization, the natives were not massacred or annihilated by Spain.\nannihilated by Spain. <\/p>\n\n\n\n This was advocated at the beginning of the last century by the American humanist and historian Charles F. Lummis, disgusted\nAmerican humanist and historian Charles F. Lummis, disgusted by the ignorance in which his\nthe ignorance in which the historiography of his country was plunged: \"As for their\nbehavior with the Indians, it must be recognized that those who resisted the Spaniards were treated with much less cruelty than those who were\nthe Spaniards were treated with much less cruelty than those who found themselves in the way of other European colonizers.\nin the path of other European colonizers. The Spaniards did not exterminate\nno aboriginal nation -as our ancestors, the English, exterminated dozens of them-.\nancestors, the English - and, moreover, each first and necessary bloody lesson was followed by a\nwas followed by humane education and care. The fact is\nthat the Indian population of the former Spanish possessions in the Americas is today larger than it was in the time of the\nthan it was at the time of the conquest, and this astonishing contrast of conditions and the lesson it teaches\nconditions and the lesson it teaches about the contrast of methods, is the best answer to those who have\nthe best answer to those who have perverted history\". <\/em>(Spanish explorers of the 16th century,<\/em>\n2012, p. 27). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Conclusion also reached by the Spanish jurist and academic Santiago Mu\u00f1oz Machado in\nSpanish jurist and academic Santiago Mu\u00f1oz Machado, in Civilize or exterminate the barbarians<\/em> (Barcelona Cr\u00edtica, 2019): \"The\nSpanish method of integration and miscegenation facilitated the implantation of European\nEuropean knowledge and industries, the education of the population and the preservation of their languages and those\nand the preservation of their languages and customs that did not clash with Catholic doctrine.\nCatholic doctrine. The method of the English colonists led to the indigenous people being\nthe Indians were compelled to abandon their lands or, in case of resistance, to suffer wars of extermination,\nto suffer wars of extermination\".<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n Jun\u00edpero -under the slogan Always forward, never backward<\/em>- dedicated his intelligence and energy to inculcating human dignity\nand energy to inculcate human dignity in the natives of Quer\u00e9taro and the two Californias, by means of evangelical doctrine, civilizing\nCalifornias, by means of evangelical doctrine, civilizing progress and the exemplary life of patience, humility, poverty and enormous\nexemplary life of patience, humility, poverty and enormous sacrifices that consumed his body.\nhis body. He did not cease to confront the civil authorities when he understood that his\nhis action harmed the innocent: before them he begged for mercy for the Indians he had burned in 1717.\nIndians who had set fire to the mission of San Diego in 1775, torturing and martyring Father Luis Jaime.\nLuis Jaime: \"As far as the guilty are concerned, their offence should be pardoned after\noffense should be pardoned after subjecting them to a light punishment,\" he said. \"By\nby doing so, they could see that we are putting into practice the rule we taught them: that of giving back well.\nrule that we taught them: that of returning good for evil and forgiving our enemies.\nenemies.\" And for them, old and limping, he walked thousands of miles to read before the\nAudience the Representation of the temporal and spiritual conquest of Baja California.\nCalifornia<\/em>precedent of the charter on the rights of\nrights of the Indians, in the tradition of the School of Salamanca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If having plucked them from the mire of their primary and imperfect, sometimes criminal, uses, the\nand imperfect, sometimes criminal, uses, today's activists call cultural genocide is\ncultural genocide is that we are not speaking the same language, nor measuring with the same yardstick, nor\nmeasuring with the same yardstick, nor reasoning with method and intelligence.\nintelligence. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Que fray Jun\u00edpero Serra (1713-1784) sea el \u00fanico espa\u00f1ol con estatua en el Capitolio de Washington (antes que hornacina en los altares) y que fuera el Papa Francisco quien el 23 de septiembre de 2015 inscribiese su nombre en el cat\u00e1logo de los santos, es m\u00e1s que suficiente para limpiar el buen nombre de este […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-firmas"],"yoast_head":"\n