{"id":5313,"date":"2020-11-01T00:00:32","date_gmt":"2020-10-31T23:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/?p=5313"},"modified":"2020-11-01T00:00:32","modified_gmt":"2020-10-31T23:00:32","slug":"a-state-cannot-suppress-cult-activity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/en\/actualidad\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\/","title":{"rendered":"\"A state can limit seating capacity in churches, but not suppress worship activity.\""},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The limitations imposed by a civil government must be \"proportionate to the end pursued\" and, in no case, can the pandemic legitimize \"the suppression of the fundamental right to religious freedom,\" says Rafael Palomino, professor of State Ecclesiastical Law.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>March 13, 2020, Spain<\/em>. A State of Alarm was declared due to the COVID19 health crisis; the unthinkable had become real and Catholics witnessed the closure of churches and the cancellation of public worship, something that had not been known since the 1930's. Although there were a series of practically \"universal\" measures in the case of the Spanish dioceses regarding the total closure of churches and the limitation of public worship, not all of them opted for the same solution. Although there was a series of practically \"universal\" measures in the case of the Spanish dioceses, regarding the total closure of temples and limitation of public worship, not all opted for the same solution: there were places where the closure of parishes was advised and others where, following the required sanitary measures, it continued to be possible to attend Holy Mass, for example. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/winHqNQmc_k\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A conjuncture that combines two instances: the civil and the religious one.\nand that has led to a certain bewilderment on the part of some of the faithful who have wondered how far, in a free and democratic society, a civil authority can\nthe extent to which, in a free and democratic society, a civil authority can decide on religious practice.\ncan decide on religious practice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pandemic continues to be present in our lives and, as a consequence, we continue to experience partial confinements, area closures, etc., which leads us to ask ourselves, will we see churches closed again? With these questions on the table, we spoke with <strong>Professor of Ecclesiastical Law at the Complutense University of Madrid, Rafael Palomino, Professor of Ecclesiastical Law at the Complutense University of Madrid. <\/strong>to know what can be demanded and what cannot, in conditions that, in themselves, alter and condition the normal parameters on which our social and, therefore, religious life is based.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>P-<\/em> Some people claim that the pandemic has been a \"perfect excuse\" to limit freedom of worship or even prohibit attendance to churches by the civil government. To what extent is this claim true? Can a civil government establish limits in areas such as churches? Has religious freedom been violated at any time with a health \"excuse\"?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/misa_pandemia_comunion_mascarilla.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5318\" width=\"339\" height=\"226\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>R.P. <\/strong><\/em>-A statement such as<em> the pandemic has been an excuse to limit freedom of worship<\/em> needs to be contrasted or proven with certain data. I do not have data that allow me to say that this affirmation is true or false. Yes, I have been able to verify that, inside and outside Spain, there have been punctual actions of the public authority that have supposed an illegal limitation of the fundamental right of religious freedom. These actions must be denounced. <strong>It is equally true that the public authority may limit fundamental rights: there are no unlimited rights. But limitations must be proportionate,<\/strong> necessary for the purpose pursued. In this case, proportionate to the purpose of preserving public health. And of course, what does not legitimize the pandemic is the suppression of the fundamental right to religious freedom, not even under the declaration of a state of alarm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The attitude of citizens<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>P- <\/em>In the case of Spain, especially in the early stages of the pandemic, the decisions of the bishops regarding the total closure of the churches were not the same in all the dioceses: some closed completely, others maintained worship with the established limitations if the parish priests so decided... etc. This led to certain confusions between what could and could not be \"demanded\" in the field of attendance to religious worship. What can and cannot be carried out? Is it always better, for the faithful, to abide by the decisions of a civil government even if they consider them unjust or disproportionate? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>R.P. <\/strong><\/em>-It is normal that the decisions of the Spanish bishops have not been exactly the same, uniform. The incidence of the virus is not identical throughout the national territory, the situation of the Community of Madrid is not the same as that of Cantabria or Melilla, to give a few well-known examples. What can be demanded or not from the ecclesiastical authorities, from the bishops, from the parish priests? It seems to me that the starting point is similar to the one that arises in the secular sphere. Let us look at it. According to canon 213 of the Code of Canon Law - the basic and supreme norm governing the Catholic Church - the<strong>he Christian faithful have the right to receive spiritual goods, principally the word of God and the sacraments. This is a truly fundamental right, <\/strong>not a toast to the sun, something necessary for the faithful. Remember that, as we said before, there are no unlimited rights: neither is this one. But <strong>the limitation (not suppression, which would be very serious) of the right to the reception of spiritual goods must be adopted with the prudence proper to good authority<\/strong>The company's actions must be proportionate, suitable and necessary, complying with the regulatory requirements of the civil authority, of course, but not guided solely by criteria of convenience or opportunity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/pareka_misa_online_pandemia.jpg\" alt=\"couple_misa_online_pandemia\" class=\"wp-image-5317\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>We cannot reduce God to the phone or TV screen:<\/strong> The Word of God became flesh, not a screen, you know what I mean: as far as possible, with prudence, the goods of salvation must reach people and people must also reach the house of God in body, because we are not only spirit, much less are we an image on a screen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>On the other hand, the faithful must comply with all legitimate prescriptions of the civil authority.<\/strong> (even if we do not like the people who at a given moment occupy public office) even when they disagree or consider - we all have an alternative ruler inside us - that things can be done better, much better. And if it is seriously considered that the decisions of the authority are unjust or disproportionate, what corresponds to the conduct of a faithful Christian who, being a Christian, is a good citizen (or wants to be one) is to challenge those administrative decisions before the courts of justice.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>P- <\/em>In this so-called \"second wave\", in which the measures are somewhat less restrictive, we observe, however, situations such as that of last September in Ibiza, where the civil government decreed \"the suppression of the activity of worship\", while at the same time allowing the opening and attendance to places of greater concurrence. Legally, can this type of attitudes be sustained or, on the contrary, is it necessary, and consequently, to appeal them?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>R.P. <\/strong><\/em>- The suppression of worship activities by the public authority is a contradiction in terms, it is a nonsense, it is a paradigm of arbitrariness.<strong> The civil authority cannot, by reason of states of alarm, suppress acts of worship. It is totally out of its competence. What it can do is to limit proportionally the capacity of places of worship or to establish measures for public safety or public health.  <\/strong>It is true that the public authority has reasoned, more often than not, with materialistic criteria, which has led it to consider that \"essential services\" for the population can only be, practically, two things: shopping in a supermarket and being cured in a hospital. And this is a mistake that ignores the root of the fundamental rights of the person and the spiritual nature of the human being. Legally, these decisions, norms or administrative resolutions are contrary to law: they must be appealed, but not only for their own benefit, as the expression goes, but also to remind the public authorities that the fundamental rights of the person limit their arbitrariness.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las limitaciones impuestas por un gobierno civil han de ser \u201cproporcionadas al fin perseguido\u201d y, en ning\u00fan caso, la pandemia puede legitimar \u201cla supresi\u00f3n del derecho fundamental de libertad religiosa\u201d, afirma Rafael Palomino, catedr\u00e1tico de Derecho Eclesi\u00e1stico del Estado. 13 de marzo de 2020, Espa\u00f1a. Se declara el Estado de Alarma por la crisis sanitaria [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":6155,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-espana"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rafael Palomino: \u201cUn Estado puede limitar aforos en los templos, pero no suprimir la actividad de culto\u201d<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfVolveremos a ver templos cerrados? Con estas preguntas sobre la mesa hablamos con el catedr\u00e1tico de Derecho Eclesi\u00e1stico de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Rafael Palomino para conocer qu\u00e9 puede exigirse y qu\u00e9 no, en un estado de alerta sanitaria como el que vive Espa\u00f1a.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/en\/news\/a-state-cannot-suppress-cult-activity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rafael Palomino: \u201cUn Estado puede limitar aforos en los templos, pero no suprimir la actividad de culto\u201d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfVolveremos a ver templos cerrados? Con estas preguntas sobre la mesa hablamos con el catedr\u00e1tico de Derecho Eclesi\u00e1stico de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Rafael Palomino para conocer qu\u00e9 puede exigirse y qu\u00e9 no, en un estado de alerta sanitaria como el que vive Espa\u00f1a.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/en\/news\/a-state-cannot-suppress-cult-activity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Omnes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-31T23:00:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/karl-fredrickson-86DI4OKDkCc-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1133\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Jos\u00e9 Atienza\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Jos\u00e9 Atienza\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/actualidad\\\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/actualidad\\\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Jos\u00e9 Atienza\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3e228ff043a513ce73d42dd73ea229ef\"},\"headline\":\"\u201cUn Estado puede limitar aforos en los templos, pero no suprimir la actividad de culto\u201d\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-31T23:00:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/actualidad\\\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1341,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/actualidad\\\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/karl-fredrickson-86DI4OKDkCc-unsplash-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Actualidad\",\"Espa\u00f1a\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"ItemPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/actualidad\\\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/actualidad\\\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\\\/\",\"name\":\"Rafael Palomino: \u201cUn Estado puede limitar aforos en los templos, pero no suprimir la actividad de culto\u201d\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/actualidad\\\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/actualidad\\\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.omnesmag.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/karl-fredrickson-86DI4OKDkCc-unsplash-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-31T23:00:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u00bfVolveremos a ver templos cerrados? 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With these questions on the table, we talked to Rafael Palomino, Professor of Ecclesiastical Law at the Complutense University of Madrid, to find out what can and cannot be demanded in a state of health alert such as the one Spain is experiencing.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/en\/news\/a-state-cannot-suppress-cult-activity\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Rafael Palomino: \u201cUn Estado puede limitar aforos en los templos, pero no suprimir la actividad de culto\u201d","og_description":"\u00bfVolveremos a ver templos cerrados? Con estas preguntas sobre la mesa hablamos con el catedr\u00e1tico de Derecho Eclesi\u00e1stico de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Rafael Palomino para conocer qu\u00e9 puede exigirse y qu\u00e9 no, en un estado de alerta sanitaria como el que vive Espa\u00f1a.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/en\/news\/a-state-cannot-suppress-cult-activity\/","og_site_name":"Omnes","article_published_time":"2020-10-31T23:00:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1133,"url":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/karl-fredrickson-86DI4OKDkCc-unsplash-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Maria Jos\u00e9 Atienza","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Maria Jos\u00e9 Atienza","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/actualidad\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/actualidad\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\/"},"author":{"name":"Maria Jos\u00e9 Atienza","@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3e228ff043a513ce73d42dd73ea229ef"},"headline":"\u201cUn Estado puede limitar aforos en los templos, pero no suprimir la actividad de culto\u201d","datePublished":"2020-10-31T23:00:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/actualidad\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\/"},"wordCount":1341,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/actualidad\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/karl-fredrickson-86DI4OKDkCc-unsplash-scaled.jpg","articleSection":["Actualidad","Espa\u00f1a"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["WebPage","ItemPage"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/actualidad\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\/","url":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/actualidad\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\/","name":"Rafael Palomino: \"A State can limit the capacity of churches, but not suppress the activity of worship\".","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/actualidad\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/actualidad\/un-estado-no-puede-suprimir-la-actividad-de-culto\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/karl-fredrickson-86DI4OKDkCc-unsplash-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2020-10-31T23:00:32+00:00","description":"Will we see temples closed again? 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