{"id":56351,"date":"2025-12-17T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/?p=56351"},"modified":"2025-12-17T12:01:44","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T10:01:44","slug":"bariona-jean-paul-sartre-raises-the-hope-of-christmas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/en\/actualidad\/bariona-jean-paul-sartre-enarbolo-la-esperanza-de-navidad\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Bariona\u2019: Jean-Paul Sartre raised the banner of Christmas hope in the face of the Nazis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first play by French philosopher and writer Jean Paul Sartre, Bariona, Son of Thunder, was conceived and performed in a Nazi camp, with Sartre as a prisoner there. The central theme was the mystery of Christmas, and the message was one of hope. The existentialist philosopher reserved the role of Balthazar, one of the main characters, for himself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The story went as follows. In November 1940, some priests from Stalag 12D, a Nazi camp near Trier (Germany), obtained permission to celebrate Midnight Mass in one of the barracks, according to Javier Marrod\u00e1n, a priest and professor from Navarre, in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delibris.org\/es\/bariona-el-hijo-del-trueno\">a review<\/a> to the 2012 edition of Voz de Papel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Genesis of the play \u2018Barion\u00e1\u2019<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the 15,000 prisoners was Jean-Paul Sartre, already a well-known writer at the time. He had joined the French Army as a meteorologist and was arrested when the Germans occupied France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jean-Paul Sartre wanted to contribute to the celebration and offered to write and perform a play about Christmas. He was 35 years old, had already published Nausea, was writing Being and Nothingness, was an \u2018official\u2019 atheist, and organized courses on Heidegger and existentialism for his fellow camp inmates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Act of spiritual and collective resistance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In just six weeks, Sarte not only wrote the script, but also distributed roles, organized rehearsals, supervised props and music, and played one of the main characters, Baltasar, himself.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The stage became an act of spiritual and collective resistance: an affirmation of meaning, hope, and coexistence in the face of oppression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Barion\u00e1, a man without hope<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The protagonist, Barion\u00e1, is the leader of the Jews of Bethsur, a village near Bethlehem. He hates the Romans and is skeptical of the shepherds' story. They claim that an angel has announced the birth of the Messiah in a nearby stable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barionah is a man without hope, defeated, with no illusions about the future. Not even the pregnancy of his wife Sarah alleviates his gloomy and pessimistic thoughts. He too had longed for the coming of the Messiah, but not that of a helpless child.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Balthazar highlights Jesus as a sign of hope&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From this point on, the drama introduces the birth of Jesus as a sign of hope for the world. The shepherds bring the news of the arrival of the Messiah, and characters such as Balthazar (played by Sartre) talk with Barion\u00e1 about the importance of hope, human dignity, and freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baltasar explains to him with theological depth\u2014and patience, Marrod\u00e1n notes\u2014that God has come down to Earth for him, that he has chosen to carry out this madness even though it is hard to believe. And that is why every man is now much more than he ever aspired to be, that the birth of Jesus is a cause for hope and gives suffering its true meaning.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Profound impact among prisoners<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The work had a profound impact on the prisoners. According to testimonies, many remember Sartre's words about the meaning of suffering and hope years later, even though the text was not widely circulated for decades.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several authors highlight that Barion\u00e1 combines history and life context, Christmas as a narrative of human hope, and existentialist philosophy applied to action: freedom, responsibility, and human commitment in the face of suffering.<a href=\"https:\/\/revistas.uarm.edu.pe\/index.php\/metanoia\/article\/view\/423?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The mystery of Christmas, and mystery in Sartre's life<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some prisoners converted, and others \u201cclearly\u201d remembered Sartre-Baltasar's words about suffering and the greatness of redemption years later. This has been documented, for example, by Charles Moeller, author of the famous volumes on \u201820th Century Literature and Christianity,\u2019 and Professor Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Agejas, philosopher and professor at the Francisco de Vitoria University (Madrid).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On that Christmas Eve in 1940, \u201cSartre added to the great mystery of Christmas the not insignificant mystery of his own life,\u201d he concludes. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/en\/focus\/j-marrodan-we-are-called-more-than-ever-to-find-meeting-points\/\">Javier Marrod\u00e1n<\/a>, PhD in Communication from the University of Navarra. \u201cWith Baltasar's help, of course.\u201d Incidentally, Marrod\u00e1n wrote his doctoral thesis on Albert Camus. But that's another story.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"omnes-block-ficha-vertical\">\n\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t<h2>Barion\u00e1, son of thunder<\/h2>\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/612ZLkWywL._SY522_.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"v\"><strong>Author<\/strong>Jean-Paul Sartre<\/div><div class=\"v\"><strong>Editorial<\/strong>: Voz de Papel<\/div><div class=\"v\"><strong>Year<\/strong>: 2004<\/div><div class=\"v\"><strong>Number of pages<\/strong>: 152<\/div>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La primera obra dram\u00e1tica del fil\u00f3sofo y escritor franc\u00e9s Jean Paul Sartre, \u2018Barion\u00e1, el hijo del trueno\u2019, se gest\u00f3 y represent\u00f3 en un campo nazi, siendo Sartre prisionero del recinto. El eje central fue el misterio de la Navidad, y el mensaje, de esperanza. El fil\u00f3sofo existencialista se reserv\u00f3 el papel de Baltasar, uno de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2425,"featured_media":56352,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39,45],"tags":[2541,628],"class_list":["post-56351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura","category-libros","tag-jean-paul-sartre","tag-navidad"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u2018Barion\u00e1\u2019: Jean-Paul Sartre enarbol\u00f3 la esperanza de Navidad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u2018Barion\u00e1, el hijo del trueno\u2019, obra excepcional de Jean-Paul Sartre, ayuda a comprender su pensamiento en un contexto extremo, y en 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