{"id":62610,"date":"2026-06-23T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-23T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/?p=62610"},"modified":"2026-06-23T10:34:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T08:34:57","slug":"socio-religious-hostility-is-on-the-rise-in-more-countries-according-to-pew","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/en\/actualidad\/aumenta-la-hostilidad-sociorreligiosa-en-mas-paises-segun-pew\/","title":{"rendered":"Socio-religious hostility is on the rise in more countries, according to Pew Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">- Gina Christian, OSV News<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Religious and social hostility is on the rise, and at the same time, since 2007, an increasing number of governments have stepped up their crackdown on religious beliefs and expressions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The findings were published on June 15 by the Pew Research Center in its 16th annual report on levels of religious restriction worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew researchers Samirah Majumdar and Vivian Jacobs analyzed data from 198 countries and territories\u2014representing \u201cnearly the entire world population\u201d\u2014drawn from 19 key sources, including national constitutions, the U.S. State Department, the United Nations, the European Union, the FBI, Human Rights Watch, and Amnesty International.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pew and ACN Agree: Religious Freedom Is on the Decline<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/religion\/2026\/06\/15\/more-countries-had-elevated-levels-of-social-hostilities-involving-religion-in-2023\/?utm_source=Pew+Research+Center&amp;utm_campaign=a2c2cf8021-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2026_06_17_04_55&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_-a2c2cf8021-589978363\">The Pew Report<\/a> refers to 2023, the most recent full year for which data is available, while the figure for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ayudaalaiglesianecesitada.org\/\">Aid to the Church in Need<\/a> (ACN), released in late 2025, analyzed the period from January 2023 to December 2024\u2014one more year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Pew, 55 of the 198 countries studied recorded \u201chigh (high or very high) levels of religion-related social hostilities in 2023,\u201d compared with 45 the previous year\u2014a clear increase.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And ACN <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/en\/news\/religious-freedom-in-free-fall-almost-two-thirds-of-humanity-lives-in-repression\/\">was diagnosed with<\/a> that in 62 of the 196 countries analyzed, religious freedom is severely violated, and only two\u2014Kazakhstan and Sri Lanka\u2014showed some improvement. In his view, nearly two-thirds of humanity (more than 5.4 billion people) lives in countries without religious freedom.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"744\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_with_high_or_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion_rises_for_third_year_in_a_row-1024x744.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_with_high_or_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion_rises_for_third_year_in_a_row-1024x744.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_with_high_or_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion_rises_for_third_year_in_a_row-700x509.png 700w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_with_high_or_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion_rises_for_third_year_in_a_row-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_with_high_or_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion_rises_for_third_year_in_a_row-768x558.png 768w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_with_high_or_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion_rises_for_third_year_in_a_row-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_with_high_or_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion_rises_for_third_year_in_a_row-600x436.png 600w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_with_high_or_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion_rises_for_third_year_in_a_row.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Two indicators: restrictions and hostilities&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Pew Research data has been categorized according to two indicators: a Government Restrictions Index, which tracked officially imposed religious restrictions; and a Social Hostility Index, which measured acts perpetrated by individuals, groups, and organizations, such as vandalism and physical attacks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew noted that its summary statistics were not intended to determine which specific religious group suffered the most religious persecution, since even a single incident of harassment in a given country was counted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Currently, there is no internationally accepted definition of religious persecution, as it can take various forms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Radiography<\/strong>: the case of Norway, and others.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the research center, Ethiopia and the Philippines saw a decline in religiously motivated social hostilities that same year, moving from the \"high\" to the \"moderate\" category on the Pew Index.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Belgium, Norway, Russia, Spain, and Sweden, for their part, fell into the \u201chigh\u201d category of Pew\u2019s social hostilities index in 2023, along with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, and Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Pew, individual and collective harassment of Muslims, Jews, and Jehovah's Witnesses raised Spain's score on the index in 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norway also witnessed, according to Pew, \u201crepeated attacks\u201d against Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses, as well as an \u201cincrease in hate speech\u201d against Jews and Muslims, following Hamas\u2019s attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, and the subsequent war between Israel and Hamas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62616\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion-1.png 620w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion-1-502x700.png 502w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion-1-215x300.png 215w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion-1-9x12.png 9w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_social_hostilities_involving_religion-1-600x836.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br>Cases of <strong>violence<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Collective violence in Russia against Jews and Muslims contributed to that country's higher score on the Pew Social Hostility Index in 2023.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In one incident, \u201cseveral Russian women attacked a Muslim woman wearing a hijab and her children at a playground\u201d on the outskirts of Moscow; according to Pew, \u201cthe attackers allegedly set their dogs on the family and assaulted them.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The research firm stated that in 2023, \u00abgovernment harassment of religious groups (whether verbal or physical) was one of the most common types of restrictions on religion,\u00bb continuing a trend seen in recent years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Pew, this type of harassment \u00aboccurred in 185 countries\u00bb\u2014that is, in 98% of the total number of countries studied in 2023\u2014a figure that is nearly the same as the previous year\u2019s total of 186.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, according to Pew, interference with religious worship \u00abwas a very common type of government restriction,\u00bb observed in 175 (88%) of the 198 countries and territories examined, \u00abmarking a new high for the study.\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Countries with severe restrictions and lower<\/strong>s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Pew, among the world's 25 largest nations, those with the highest levels of government restrictions on religion were China, Iran, Indonesia, Egypt, and Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Pew, among that same group of nations, \u201cSouth Africa, the United States, Japan, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom had the lowest levels\u201d of government restrictions on religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"402\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_government_restrictions_on_religion-402x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-62614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_government_restrictions_on_religion-402x1024.png 402w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_government_restrictions_on_religion-275x700.png 275w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_government_restrictions_on_religion-118x300.png 118w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_government_restrictions_on_religion-603x1536.png 603w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_government_restrictions_on_religion-5x12.png 5w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_government_restrictions_on_religion-600x1529.png 600w, https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/countries_and_territories_with_very_high_government_restrictions_on_religion.png 620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 402px) 100vw, 402px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>North Korea is not included in the study, despite its severe repression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is important to note that Pew clarified that North Korea was not included in the study, although \u201csources clearly indicate that the North Korean government is among the most repressive in the world with regard to religion, as well as other civil and political freedoms.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew explained that \u00abNorth Korean society is virtually closed to foreigners\u201d and that \u201cindependent observers lack regular access to the country,\u201d making it impossible to collect data from that nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Countries with the most social hostility, and with the least<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the 25 most populous nations, \u201cNigeria, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Egypt recorded the highest levels of religion-related social hostilities,\u201d Pew states, noting that, with the exception of Egypt, those countries scored \u201cvery high\u201d on that index.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, according to Pew, \u201cChina, the United States, South Africa, Japan, and Vietnam\u201d had \u201cthe lowest scores for social hostility\u201d among the 25 most populous countries in 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pew noted that, over the years the study has been conducted, the average score for government restrictions \u201chas risen fairly steadily,\u201d while the average score for social hostility has \u201cfluctuated.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the research center, this trend \u201csuggests that governments have been cracking down on religious beliefs and practices more severely than in 2007,\u201d while \u201cthe number of countries experiencing social hostilities has tended to rise and fall depending on current events.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gina Christian is a multimedia reporter for OSV News. Follow her on X @GinaJesseReina.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2013 Gina Christian, OSV News Crece la hostilidad social religiosa, y al mismo tiempo, desde 2007, cada vez m\u00e1s gobiernos han intensificado la represi\u00f3n contra las creencias y expresiones religiosas. Los resultados han sido publicados el 15 de junio por Pew Research Center en su decimosexto informe anual sobre los niveles de restricci\u00f3n religiosa a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2425,"featured_media":62611,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,46],"tags":[2795,29,2531],"class_list":["post-62610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-mundo","tag-hostilidad-sociorreligiosa","tag-libertad-religiosa","tag-religion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Aumenta la hostilidad sociorreligiosa en m\u00e1s pa\u00edses, seg\u00fan Pew<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pew Research Center informa que se han registrado aumentos en 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