{"id":10062,"date":"2021-03-11T22:46:07","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T21:46:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=10062"},"modified":"2021-03-11T22:48:00","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T21:48:00","slug":"la-cour-interamericaine-et-les-nouveaux-droits-de-lhomme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/actualidad\/mundo\/la-corte-interamericana-y-los-nuevos-derechos-humanos\/","title":{"rendered":"La Cour interam\u00e9ricaine et les nouveaux droits de l'homme"},"content":{"rendered":"

Comme on le sait, la Cour interam\u00e9ricaine des droits de l'homme se prononcera probablement cette ann\u00e9e dans l'affaire de Pavez contre le Chili,<\/em> celle de la femme professeur de religion dont l'autorisation d'enseigner la religion a \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e comme \u00e9tant incompatible avec son mode de vie parce qu'elle avait entam\u00e9 une relation amoureuse publique avec une autre femme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un peu de contexte<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Auparavant, la Commission interam\u00e9ricaine, l'organe dont l'affaire doit n\u00e9cessairement passer par l'examen, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 non seulement qu'elle consid\u00e9rait la mesure comme discriminatoire, mais aussi que les institutions religieuses n'avaient pas le droit d'exiger de leurs enseignants une coh\u00e9rence entre leur mode de vie et les croyances qu'ils enseignent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aujourd'hui, comme aucun accord n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu avec l'\u00c9tat, la Commission elle-m\u00eame a attaqu\u00e9 l'\u00c9tat devant la Cour, et il est fort probable qu'une condamnation assortie d'arguments similaires se profile \u00e0 l'horizon. Tout cela affectera, tant au Chili que dans toute l'Am\u00e9rique latine, l'autonomie des institutions religieuses et le droit des parents de veiller \u00e0 ce que leurs enfants re\u00e7oivent une \u00e9ducation religieuse conforme \u00e0 leurs propres convictions. En effet, de nombreux militants et juges nationaux consid\u00e8rent les d\u00e9cisions de cette cour comme une sorte de syst\u00e8me de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents en mati\u00e8re de droits de l'homme qui doit \u00eatre suivi sans discussion par tous les pays de la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coh\u00e9rence<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

En fait, les remarques de la Commission sont surprenantes. D'autant plus si l'on se souvient que ces derni\u00e8res semaines, cette \"coh\u00e9rence\" entre les convictions personnelles et le \"politiquement correct\", quel que soit le m\u00e9tier exerc\u00e9 par les personnes concern\u00e9es, a \u00e9t\u00e9 exig\u00e9e jusqu'au paroxysme dans certains pays, comme les \u00c9tats-Unis, donnant lieu \u00e0 une v\u00e9ritable chasse aux sorci\u00e8res contre ceux qui ont la moindre vell\u00e9it\u00e9 de pens\u00e9e conservatrice. Cependant, il semble que cette coh\u00e9rence soit exig\u00e9e et m\u00eame impos\u00e9e dans une seule direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le droit de l'institution<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Maintenant, il est clair que toute institution religieuse a le droit de professer son propre credo. Il a \u00e9galement le droit, pour des raisons \u00e9videntes, de s\u00e9lectionner ou de dissocier, si n\u00e9cessaire, le personnel appropri\u00e9 pour l'enseigner. Agir autrement \u00e9quivaudrait \u00e0 un \"suicide\" en tant qu'institution. Il faut ajouter \u00e0 cela que personne n'est forc\u00e9 d'adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 une croyance. Ce qui ne peut pas arriver, cependant, c'est qu'une personne pr\u00e9tende continuer \u00e0 enseigner ce credo et en m\u00eame temps contredise s\u00e9rieusement et d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment des pr\u00e9ceptes importants de celui-ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, si ce dernier argument est tout \u00e0 fait logique et rel\u00e8ve du droit humain fondamental de la libert\u00e9 de conscience, comment est-il possible qu'au nom de ces m\u00eames droits, on arrive \u00e0 des conclusions aussi diff\u00e9rentes ? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Origine des droits de l'homme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

La raison fondamentale est qu'aujourd'hui, pour de vastes secteurs, les droits de l'homme ne d\u00e9pendent pas d'une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ou d'une nature humaine \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir, mais sont un fait \u00e0 inventer, \u00e0 construire et \u00e0 reconstruire constamment \u00e0 notre guise, en th\u00e9orie, par le biais de consensus nationaux et internationaux. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, s'ils s'\u00e9loignent de plus en plus de tout ce qui ressemble \u00e0 la Loi naturelle, il n'est pas surprenant que ces \"nouveaux droits de l'homme\" (pour les diff\u00e9rencier des pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents) \u00e9voluent de plus en plus loin de leur signification originelle et m\u00eame en opposition ouverte avec elle. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En effet, ce processus est all\u00e9 si loin que presque tout peut d\u00e9sormais devenir un \"droit de l'homme\". Et dans cette optique, les d\u00e9cisions des diff\u00e9rents tribunaux internationaux en la mati\u00e8re sont de plus en plus importantes et influentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les droits de l'homme comme talisman<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Le probl\u00e8me, cependant, est que la notion m\u00eame de \"droits de l'homme\" est devenue un v\u00e9ritable dogme dans nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s occidentales, ou si vous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rez, une sorte de talisman. Ainsi, malgr\u00e9 l'\u00e9volution susmentionn\u00e9e, tout ce qu'ils \"touchent\" est en quelque sorte sacralis\u00e9, ce qui signifie que pour de vastes secteurs, ces questions, aussi absurdes ou controvers\u00e9es soient-elles, finissent par \u00eatre pratiquement indiscutables et n'admettent aucune divergence ou critique. Et m\u00eame en tant que \"droits de l'homme\", ils devraient \u00eatre mis en \u0153uvre aussi rapidement et compl\u00e8tement que possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, contrairement \u00e0 leurs intentions initiales, et gr\u00e2ce au prestige presque irr\u00e9sistible dont ils jouissent encore, les droits de l'homme sont aujourd'hui utilis\u00e9s comme un instrument remarquable pour imposer une pens\u00e9e unique, du moins en Occident. Cette fa\u00e7on de penser unique est cens\u00e9e affecter toutes les sph\u00e8res de la vie, c'est pourquoi beaucoup pensent que c'est l'\u00c9tat lui-m\u00eame qui devrait les mettre en pratique, en encourageant le respect des r\u00e8gles, en pr\u00e9venant les violations \u00e9ventuelles et en punissant s\u00e9v\u00e8rement ceux qui les violent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est pourquoi, au-del\u00e0 des apparences, ces nouveaux \"droits de l'homme\" ne sont plus ce que beaucoup croient, et deviennent de plus en plus mena\u00e7ants, limitant jour apr\u00e8s jour nos libert\u00e9s. Il est donc imp\u00e9ratif de prendre conscience de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u00e9licat et dangereux. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Como se sabe, probablemente durante este a\u00f1o, la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos dictar\u00e1 sentencia en el caso Pavez vs Chile, el de la profesora de religi\u00f3n cuya licencia para ense\u00f1ar esa materia fue revocada, por ser incompatible con su forma de vida, al haber entablado una relaci\u00f3n sentimental p\u00fablica con otra mujer. Algunos antecedentes Ya anteriormente, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":10069,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,46],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-10062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-mundo","tag-libertad-religiosa"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Corte Interamericana y los nuevos derechos humanos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El doctor en Derecho y profesor de Filosof\u00eda del Derecho Max Silva Abbott reflexiona sobre las repercusiones en materia de "derechos humanos" que est\u00e1 suscitando el caso Pavez contra Chile.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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