{"id":12092,"date":"2021-05-01T09:59:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-01T08:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=12092"},"modified":"2024-10-23T12:46:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T10:46:39","slug":"les-500-premiers-ans-de-levangile-aux-philippines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/firmas\/los-primeros-500-anos-del-evangelio-en-filipinas\/","title":{"rendered":"Les 500 premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de l'\u00c9vangile aux Philippines"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le 31 mars 1521, dimanche de P\u00e2ques, la premi\u00e8re messe a \u00e9t\u00e9 c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e aux Philippines et, depuis lors, la Parole de Dieu s'est r\u00e9pandue dans ces \u00eeles, aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations successives et dans les terres d'Extr\u00eame-Orient, jusqu'\u00e0 nos jours. Les paroles de l'\u00c9criture Sainte ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accomplies \u00e0 la lettre : \"C'est \u00e0 leurs fruits que vous les reconna\u00eetrez\".<\/em> (Lc 6,43), car il n'y a pas seulement des communaut\u00e9s fid\u00e8les de Philippins dans l'archipel, mais dans le monde entier, qui \u00e9vang\u00e9lisent tant de nations par leur exemple et leur parole. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pape Fran\u00e7ois a voulu s'associer \u00e0 la joie de toute l'\u00c9glise par une c\u00e9l\u00e9bration eucharistique solennelle dans la basilique Saint-Pierre le 14 mars. Dans son hom\u00e9lie, il a voulu souligner deux caract\u00e9ristiques majeures de cette t\u00e2che d'\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation, qui a impliqu\u00e9 toute l'\u00c9glise d'Espagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout d'abord, il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la joie et la confiance en Dieu, qui font partie de l'\u00c9vangile de J\u00e9sus-Christ et qui se sont enracin\u00e9es dans l'\u00e2me du peuple philippin : \"Vous avez re\u00e7u la joie de l'\u00c9vangile : Dieu nous a tant aim\u00e9s qu'il a donn\u00e9 son Fils pour nous. Et cette joie se voit dans votre peuple, dans vos yeux, vos visages, vos chants et vos pri\u00e8res\".<\/em>. Il a imm\u00e9diatement soulign\u00e9 comment l'appel de J\u00e9sus-Christ \u00e0 pr\u00eacher \u00e0 toutes les nations a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapidement relay\u00e9 par le peuple philippin, qui est devenu d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but le peuple missionnaire d'Asie, et a exprim\u00e9 sa gratitude : \"Je veux vous remercier pour la joie que vous apportez au monde entier et aux communaut\u00e9s chr\u00e9tiennes\".<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Photo CNS\/Cristian Gennari)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La c\u00e9r\u00e9monie dans la basilique Saint-Pierre a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par deux \u00e9v\u00e9nements tr\u00e8s significatifs : les repr\u00e9sentants de l'\u00c9glise des Philippines se sont rendus en p\u00e8lerinage \u00e0 Rome avec le Santo Ni\u00f1o de Cebu et avec la croix processionnelle qu'ils ont emmen\u00e9e aux \u00celes de Magellan. L'\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation de ces \u00eeles se caract\u00e9rise par la promotion des d\u00e9votions et de la pi\u00e9t\u00e9 populaire : d\u00e9votions \u00e0 la Vierge dans toutes les villes, \u00e0 saint Joseph, aux saints, ainsi que la constitution de confr\u00e9ries. La croix processionnelle de Magellan est un geste de gratitude envers l'Espagne et, en particulier, envers le Patronato de Indias, qui a mobilis\u00e9 les moyens mat\u00e9riels et les personnes pour apporter la foi aux Philippines en envoyant des missionnaires du clerg\u00e9 r\u00e9gulier et s\u00e9culier, et des \u0153uvres d'art, retables, orf\u00e8vrerie, pour d\u00e9corer dignement les premiers temples chr\u00e9tiens, ainsi que la construction d'h\u00f4pitaux, d'orphelinats et de maisons de retraite. De m\u00eame, le nom de Magellan rappelle les marins espagnols qui ont men\u00e9 les navires vers ces terres lointaines et qui, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 Legazpi et Urdaneta, ont trouv\u00e9 les courants marins qui ont permis d'ouvrir une route maritime du Mexique \u00e0 Manille en 1565.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e8s lors, l'\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation prend un nouvel \u00e9lan et des missionnaires de diff\u00e9rents ordres religieux arrivent d'Espagne, via le Mexique : les Augustins, qui en 1572 avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 construit leur premier couvent \u00e0 Manille, et en 1579, les Franciscains. En 1579, le premier si\u00e8ge \u00e9piscopal est \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 Manille et le premier \u00e9v\u00eaque de l'archipel, le dominicain Fray Domingo de Salazar, est consacr\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enfin, les J\u00e9suites arrivent dans l'archipel. \u00c0 la fin du XVIe si\u00e8cle, on compte pr\u00e8s de 500 missionnaires de diff\u00e9rents ordres travaillant aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des pr\u00eatres du clerg\u00e9 s\u00e9culier. La m\u00e9thode d'\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation qu'ils ont suivie \u00e9tait la m\u00eame que celle qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e en Am\u00e9rique des ann\u00e9es auparavant : l'appel des douze ap\u00f4tres, qui consistait \u00e0 apprendre la langue des autochtones et leurs coutumes et \u00e0 leur parler directement de J\u00e9sus-Christ et de sa doctrine salvatrice, et enfin \u00e0 les inviter \u00e0 croire en lui et, s'ils le faisaient, \u00e0 se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 recevoir le bapt\u00eame puis les autres sacrements. Au milieu du 17e si\u00e8cle, les Philippines comptaient deux millions de chr\u00e9tiens autochtones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, le pape Jean-Paul II, dans son Exhortation pastorale Redemptoris missio,<\/em> les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes de l'\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation jusqu'\u00e0 l'\u00e9tablissement de l'\u00c9glise dioc\u00e9saine, l'application des d\u00e9crets tridentins, la mise en place des synodes dioc\u00e9sains et des premiers s\u00e9minaires dioc\u00e9sains. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les hauts fonctionnaires qui gouvernaient ces terres - vice-rois, pr\u00e9sidents des Audiencias, gouverneurs - \u00e9taient s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s par le Conseil des Indes parmi des personnes honn\u00eates et de bon niveau intellectuel et, apr\u00e8s quelques ann\u00e9es, ils revenaient en Espagne apr\u00e8s avoir subi ce que l'on appelle le jugement de r\u00e9sidence. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces m\u00e9canismes et \u00e0 d'autres exp\u00e9riences incorpor\u00e9es dans les lois des Indes, il faut reconna\u00eetre que ce fut une colonisation beaucoup moins controvers\u00e9e que la colonisation am\u00e9ricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D'autre part, les lois des Indes sont appliqu\u00e9es selon l'esprit du testament d'Isabelle la Catholique, et les indig\u00e8nes sont trait\u00e9s comme de v\u00e9ritables hommes libres et sujets de la couronne de Castille, \u00e9vang\u00e9lis\u00e9s selon les exigences de la donation du pape Alexandre VI dans les Bulles. Inter Coetera<\/em> 1503 aux Rois Catholiques. Enfin, un autre jalon de l'\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation des Philippines, en continuit\u00e9 avec celle de l'Am\u00e9rique, a \u00e9t\u00e9 l'\u00e9rection pr\u00e9coce (1611) de l'universit\u00e9 de Santo Tomas de Manille, signe de l'importance accord\u00e9e \u00e0 l'enseignement universitaire et \u00e0 l'alphab\u00e9tisation.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 31 de marzo de 1521, domingo de Pascua, se celebr\u00f3 la primera misa en Filipinas, y desde entonces la Palabra de Dios se ha ido extendiendo por aquellas islas, a las sucesivas generaciones y en las tierras del lejano Oriente, hasta el d\u00eda de hoy. Se han cumplido a la letra las palabras de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2431,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[47,54],"tags":[545],"class_list":["post-12092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-firmas","category-tribuna","tag-asia"],"yoast_head":"\nLos primeros 500 a\u00f1os del Evangelio en Filipinas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El 31 de marzo de 1521, domingo de Pascua, se celebr\u00f3 la primera misa en Filipinas, una de las naciones m\u00e1s cat\u00f3licas de Asia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/signatures\/les-500-premiers-ans-de-levangile-aux-philippines\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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