{"id":26207,"date":"2022-11-12T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-12T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=26207"},"modified":"2022-11-10T16:07:36","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T15:07:36","slug":"la-orden-de-malta-actualite-et-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/actualidad\/la-orden-de-malta-actualidad-y-arquitectura\/","title":{"rendered":"L'Ordre de Malte : actualit\u00e9 et architecture"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Souverain Ordre de Malte<\/a> est l'une des plus anciennes organisations caritatives au monde ; elle est bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Rome et op\u00e8re dans 120 pays o\u00f9 elle aide les personnes dans le besoin gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses activit\u00e9s m\u00e9dicales, sociales et humanitaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'un ordre religieux la\u00efc de l'\u00c9glise catholique (combinant les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s religieuses et chevaleresques) depuis 1113. \u00c9galement sujet de droit international, l'Ordre souverain de Malte entretient des relations diplomatiques avec plus de 100 \u00c9tats et l'Union europ\u00e9enne et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du statut d'observateur permanent aux Nations unies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Ordre est dirig\u00e9 par le Grand Ma\u00eetre, qui r\u00e8gne \u00e0 la fois en tant que souverain et sup\u00e9rieur religieux et est assist\u00e9 par le Souverain Conseil, qu'il pr\u00e9side. Le premier si\u00e8ge \u00e0 Rome se trouvait sur la colline de l'Aventin, initialement confi\u00e9 \u00e0 un monast\u00e8re b\u00e9n\u00e9dictin, puis transf\u00e9r\u00e9 aux Chevaliers de Malte. La construction de la Villa Magistrale a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 achev\u00e9e au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e9sence d'une aide active<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aujourd'hui, l'Ordre de Malte est particuli\u00e8rement actif dans le secteur m\u00e9dical. Il est pr\u00e9sent depuis plusieurs si\u00e8cles dans la plupart des r\u00e9gions du monde, o\u00f9 travaillent ses 13 500 membres, ses 95 000 b\u00e9n\u00e9voles permanents et son personnel qualifi\u00e9. Ce sont 52 000 professionnels - pour la plupart du personnel m\u00e9dical et param\u00e9dical - qui forment un r\u00e9seau d'aide d'urgence pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vivant dans des conditions de guerre et de conflit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'aide aux victimes de catastrophes naturelles et de conflits arm\u00e9s s'est intensifi\u00e9e au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies. Par le biais de ses associations nationales, de son corps de volontaires et de son agence de secours internationale, l'Ordre de Malte fournit une assistance m\u00e9dicale et humanitaire d'urgence et travaille avec les populations touch\u00e9es pour mettre en \u0153uvre des programmes de reconstruction et de pr\u00e9vention des catastrophes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Ordre de Malte est intervenu pour soutenir les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et les migrants en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Par exemple, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s fuyant la Syrie sont accueillis \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital de campagne de Malteser International \u00e0 Kilis, \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re turque. L'h\u00f4pital compte 100 lits et peut effectuer des op\u00e9rations d'urgence. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la coop\u00e9ration avec des partenaires locaux, Malteser International soutient \u00e9galement 9 centres m\u00e9dicaux, dont 3 sont des cliniques mobiles dans la r\u00e9gion d'Alep en Syrie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa plus ancienne pr\u00e9sence hospitali\u00e8re se trouve en Palestine, o\u00f9 un h\u00f4pital a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 dans la ville de Bethl\u00e9em en 1895 et a fonctionn\u00e9 pendant pr\u00e8s de 100 ans jusqu'\u00e0 ce que l'h\u00f4pital soit contraint de fermer en 1985 pour des raisons politiques et sociales li\u00e9es au conflit isra\u00e9lo-arabe. Mais la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, l'Ordre de Malte a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de rouvrir une maternit\u00e9 de 28 lits. Au fil des ann\u00e9es, l'h\u00f4pital a augment\u00e9 son engagement, en faisant appel \u00e0 l'aide \u00e9trang\u00e8re (Union europ\u00e9enne, \u00c9tats-Unis, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Ordre de Malte intervient souvent face \u00e0 des d\u00e9sastres et des catastrophes naturelles. Des interventions d'urgence ont eu lieu ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es en Indon\u00e9sie apr\u00e8s le tremblement de terre et le tsunami de septembre 2018, au N\u00e9pal apr\u00e8s d'importants tremblements de terre, aux Philippines d\u00e9vast\u00e9es par le typhon Haiyan, dans la Corne de l'Afrique frapp\u00e9e par la famine et \u00e0 travers l'Europe, o\u00f9 les corps de secours r\u00e9pondent aux inondations et aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques extr\u00eames. En Ha\u00efti, le pays le plus pauvre de l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re occidental, des projets de d\u00e9veloppement durable \u00e0 long terme sont en cours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les maladies et les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies sont un d\u00e9fi permanent, ce qui rend n\u00e9cessaire d'intervenir dans le cas de la l\u00e8pre, une maladie c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00e0 travers l'histoire, en plus de maladies plus \"modernes\" comme la tuberculose, le paludisme et le VIH\/SIDA, qui sont actuellement les principales causes de d\u00e9c\u00e8s en Afrique. Malteser International, une organisation et agence d'aide internationale bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Cologne et \u00e0 New York, est active depuis pr\u00e8s de 60 ans et organise actuellement plus de 140 projets dans 35 pays d'Afrique, d'Asie et d'Am\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Ordre de Malte a une histoire de plusieurs si\u00e8cles, voire de plusieurs mill\u00e9naires, et il est compr\u00e9hensible que son si\u00e8ge soit situ\u00e9 dans le centre de Rome. Ces lieux sont au nombre de trois : le Palais Magistral, la Villa Magistrale et la Maison des Chevaliers de Rhodes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Palais Magistral<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C'est la r\u00e9sidence du Grand Ma\u00eetre et le si\u00e8ge du gouvernement de l'Ordre Souverain de Malte depuis 1834 ; elle est situ\u00e9e dans la Via Condotti, un des points centraux de la ville de Rome ; elle appartient \u00e0 l'Ordre de Malte depuis 1629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Initialement, le palais servait de si\u00e8ge \u00e0 l'ambassadeur de l'Ordre de Malte aupr\u00e8s des \u00c9tats pontificaux. Deux si\u00e8cles plus tard, lorsque l'Ordre arrive \u00e0 Rome en 1834, il devient la r\u00e9sidence du Grand Ma\u00eetre et le si\u00e8ge de son gouvernement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La R\u00e9publique italienne a accord\u00e9 \u00e0 ce si\u00e8ge le droit d'extraterritorialit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Villa Magistrale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00eame droit d'extraterritorialit\u00e9 s'applique \u00e0 la Villa Magistrale, situ\u00e9e sur la colline de l'Aventin, qui abrite le si\u00e8ge du Grand Prieur\u00e9 de Rome. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Il a accueilli certains des \u00e9v\u00e9nements les plus significatifs de la vie institutionnelle de l'Ordre ces derniers temps : les \u00e9lections des six derniers Grands Ma\u00eetres et la f\u00eate de Saint-Jean-Baptiste - le saint patron de l'Ordre - qui est c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e chaque ann\u00e9e dans ses jardins le 24 juin depuis des si\u00e8cles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Villa Magistrale poss\u00e8de \u00e9galement un important tr\u00e9sor artistique : son \u00e9glise, Santa Maria in Aventino, est le seul exemple architectural de l'artiste Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720-1778), qui a modifi\u00e9 un ancien plan \u00e9tabli au Xe si\u00e8cle, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque des moines b\u00e9n\u00e9dictins. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre est le \"trou de serrure\", o\u00f9 les visiteurs arrivant sur l'Aventin viennent regarder dans ce trou de serrure qui encadre le d\u00f4me de la basilique Saint-Pierre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maison des Chevaliers de Rhodes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La Maison des Chevaliers de Rhodes est un b\u00e2timent situ\u00e9 au c\u0153ur du Forum romain, dans sa partie d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 Auguste. Apr\u00e8s une longue histoire au fil des si\u00e8cles, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 confi\u00e9 \u00e0 l'Ordre de Malte \u00e0 la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cette affectation est due au fait que ce b\u00e2timent du XIIIe si\u00e8cle appartenait aux Chevaliers de Saint-Jean de J\u00e9rusalem, un ordre chevaleresque \u00e0 la longue histoire qui a fusionn\u00e9 avec l'Ordre souverain militaire de Malte.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Soberana Orden de Malta es una de las instituciones ben\u00e9ficas m\u00e1s antiguas del mundo; tiene su sede en Roma y opera en 120 pa\u00edses donde presta asistencia a personas necesitadas a trav\u00e9s de sus actividades m\u00e9dicas, sociales y humanitarias. Se trata de una Orden religiosa laica de la Iglesia cat\u00f3lica (que combina la realidad […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1436,"featured_media":26256,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39],"tags":[1005,889],"class_list":["post-26207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura","tag-arquitectura","tag-orden-de-malta"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Orden de Malta: actualidad y arquitectura<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Orden de Malta es una de las instituciones ben\u00e9ficas m\u00e1s antiguas del mundo, opera en cientos de pa\u00edses prestando atenci\u00f3n hospitalaria.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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