{"id":31737,"date":"2023-06-10T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-10T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=31737"},"modified":"2023-06-12T10:20:58","modified_gmt":"2023-06-12T09:20:58","slug":"le-cimetiere-teutonique-du-vatican","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/actualidad\/cementerio-teutonico-del-vaticano\/","title":{"rendered":"Le cimeti\u00e8re teutonique du Vatican : un cirque romain, Charlemagne et la \"ligne d'\u00e9vasion\" qui a sauv\u00e9 des milliers de Juifs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Malgr\u00e9 sa petite taille (moins de 300 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s avec l'\u00e9glise), il a une longue histoire et est devenu une institution d\u00e8s l'aube du christianisme, notamment sous Charlemagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'institution est devenue le si\u00e8ge d'une organisation clandestine qui prot\u00e9geait et cachait les Juifs et d'autres personnes pers\u00e9cut\u00e9es pendant l'occupation nazie, comme le rappelle le film de 1983 \"L'\u00e9carlate et le noir\" avec Gregory Peck\", explique \u00e0 Omnes le pr\u00eatre et historien Johannes Grohe, vice-directeur de l'Institut Goerres et membre de l'association \"A\".rciconfraternita<\/em> \u00e0 l'adresse Campo Santo Teutonico\".<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Le pr\u00eatre irlandais Hugh O'Flaherty (1889-1963), du service diplomatique du Saint-Si\u00e8ge, qui avait sa r\u00e9sidence dans les structures du cimeti\u00e8re, a permis de sauver quelque 6 500 pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s et juifs, en les faisant se r\u00e9fugier au Vatican et dans ses r\u00e9sidences, comme les 12 000 que Pie XII a cach\u00e9s \u00e0 Castel Gandolfo\", explique-t-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la \"Escape Line\", soutenue par l'ambassadeur britannique Francis D'Arcy\", poursuit Johannes Grohe. Osborne<\/em>La princesse italienne Elvina Pallavicini, qui s'\u00e9tait r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e dans l'ancienne r\u00e9sidence Santa Marta, et la princesse italienne Elvina Pallavicini, qui s'\u00e9tait \u00e9galement r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e dans les structures du cimeti\u00e8re, ont pu obtenir de faux documents permettant aux personnes en danger de mort de quitter le pays, contournant ainsi les contr\u00f4les de la Gestapo. Entre-temps, le hi\u00e9rarque nazi et criminel de guerre Herbert Kappler n'a jamais r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 attraper O'Flaherty, bien que 5 de ses collaborateurs aient \u00e9t\u00e9 fusill\u00e9s dans les tombes des Ard\u00e9atines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Johannes Grohe, qui est \u00e9galement professeur \u00e0 la Pontificia Universit\u00e0 de la Santa Croce <\/a>rappelle que Hugh O'Flaherty \u00e9tait surnomm\u00e9 \"le chaperon \u00e9carlate du Vatican\" (d'o\u00f9 le titre du livre de J. P. Gallagher, paru en 1967, qui a inspir\u00e9 le film susmentionn\u00e9) et que, pour montrer \u00e0 la R\u00e9sistance qu'il \u00e9tait toujours l\u00e0, il priait en se promenant devant la basilique Saint-Pierre, conduisant les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les sentiers situ\u00e9s \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du mus\u00e9e Petriano, aujourd'hui d\u00e9moli, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l'\u00e9glise de l'Enfant J\u00e9sus, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l'\u00e9glise de l'Enfant J\u00e9sus, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l'\u00e9glise de l'Enfant J\u00e9sus. Saint-Office<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le \"Camposanto dei Teutonici e dei Fiamminghi\", en allemand : \"Friedhof der Deutschen und der Flamen\", et ses structures sont situ\u00e9s sur le site du cirque romain o\u00f9 l'ap\u00f4tre Pierre a \u00e9t\u00e9 martyris\u00e9, aujourd'hui entre la salle Paul VI - o\u00f9 se d\u00e9roulent les audiences - et la basilique Saint-Pierre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une fois que le Circum Neronianum<\/em> En raison de la d\u00e9su\u00e9tude du site, de nombreux chr\u00e9tiens ont voulu \u00eatre enterr\u00e9s dans cette n\u00e9cropole, pr\u00e8s de la tombe du saint ap\u00f4tre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cimeti\u00e8re teutonique est mentionn\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans des documents en 799 et semble avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 par Charlemagne lui-m\u00eame ou li\u00e9 \u00e0 sa figure gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la fondation de la \"Schola Francorum\", certainement la plus ancienne institution germanique \u00e0 Rome, qui a rejoint d'autres institutions nordiques : les Longobards, les Frisons et les Saxons, ces derniers avec l'\u00e9glise actuelle de \"Santo Spirito in Sassia\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En effet, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque du couronnement de Charlemagne, le Saint Empire romain germanique, les p\u00e8lerins venaient \u00e0 Rome de tous les coins de l'empire et il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire de leur donner l'hospitalit\u00e9 et d'avoir un cimeti\u00e8re pour enterrer dignement ceux qui mouraient dans la Ville \u00e9ternelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, d\u00e8s le XIIIe si\u00e8cle, la Schola Francorum du haut Moyen \u00c2ge, g\u00e9r\u00e9e par le clerg\u00e9, comprenait deux \u00e9glises, l'hospice pour les p\u00e8lerins et les pauvres, ainsi que le cimeti\u00e8re. L'une de ces \u00e9glises, la \"Santa Maria della Piet\u00e0\" attenante, g\u00e8re le cimeti\u00e8re et, aujourd'hui encore, les r\u00e8gles d'inhumation y imposent la langue maternelle allemande et la r\u00e9sidence \u00e0 Rome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Restaur\u00e9e en 1454, des membres allemands de la Curie romaine ont donn\u00e9 des fonds pour une reconstruction totale, y compris de l'\u00e9glise. En 1597, l'\"Arciconfraternit\u00e0 di Nostra Signora\" a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e et son si\u00e8ge se trouve \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du cimeti\u00e8re teutonique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instigation de son recteur Anton de Waal, une r\u00e9sidence pour les pr\u00eatres \u00e9tudiant l'histoire et l'arch\u00e9ologie sacr\u00e9e fut construite \u00e0 partir de 1876, et certains d'entre eux particip\u00e8rent aux fouilles de Rome. En 1888, l'Institut romain de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Goerres s'y ajoute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Johannes Grohe explique : \"L'Institut et la r\u00e9sidence, devenue le \"Coll\u00e8ge pontifical\", disposent d'une biblioth\u00e8que de plus de 50 000 ouvrages, qui contient \u00e9galement une \"biblioth\u00e8que Ratzinger\/Benedetto XVI, avec ses \u0153uvres, \u00e9dit\u00e9es dans de nombreuses langues, et sur sa th\u00e9ologie\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par ailleurs, \"le cardinal Ratzinger, qui \u00e9tait membre de l'Archiconfraternit\u00e9 et de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Goerres, avait v\u00e9cu au Collegio pendant un certain temps avant de d\u00e9m\u00e9nager sur la Piazza Leonina et d'\u00eatre \u00e9lu pape, et avait l'habitude de c\u00e9l\u00e9brer la Sainte Messe tous les jeudis dans l'\u00e9glise du Campo Santo. En 2015, il a c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 la Sainte Messe dans cette \u00e9glise pour la derni\u00e8re fois avec ses anciens \u00e9tudiants en th\u00e9ologie, le fameux \"Sch\u00fclerkreis\", l'ancien \u00e9tudiant en th\u00e9ologie, Johannes Grohe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konrad Bestle, et le directeur de l'Institut historique de l'\"Istituto Goerres al Campo Santo Teutonico\" est l'historien et recteur du \"Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Sacra\", Mgr Stefan Heid.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A pesar de su peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o (menos de 300 metros cuadrados incluida la Iglesia) tiene una larga historia y se convirti\u00f3 en una instituci\u00f3n que se remonta a los albores del cristianismo, en particular con Carlomagno. Pero tambi\u00e9n se entrelaza con la historia reciente, \u201cLa instituci\u00f3n se volvi\u00f3 sede de una organizaci\u00f3n clandestina que se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":31740,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura"],"yoast_head":"\nEl Cementerio Teut\u00f3nico del Vaticano<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El Cementerio Teut\u00f3nico, es un ins\u00f3lito camposanto que se encuentra en el interior de las murallas de la Ciudad-Estado del Vaticano.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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