{"id":36505,"date":"2024-01-09T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-09T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=36505"},"modified":"2024-01-10T10:24:30","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T08:24:30","slug":"christ-noir-esquipulas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/actualidad\/cristo-negro-esquipulas\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Christ noir d'Esquipulas, la d\u00e9votion au-del\u00e0 du Guatemala"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque 15 janvier, le Guatemala c\u00e9l\u00e8bre la f\u00eate du Christ noir d'Esquipulas, une ville situ\u00e9e \u00e0 222 kilom\u00e8tres de la capitale du pays. Cette f\u00eate attire \u00e0 Esquipulas environ quatre millions de p\u00e8lerins venus de tout le Guatemala. Ils viennent remercier le Christ noir ou lui demander des faveurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autour de cette date, des processions, des neuvaines, des messes, ainsi que diverses expressions culturelles qui expriment la foi et la pi\u00e9t\u00e9 populaire des villageois ont lieu dans ce village. La d\u00e9votion s'\u00e9tend \u00e0 divers pays d'Am\u00e9rique centrale et aux \u00c9tats-Unis, car l'image contribue \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la ferveur et la pi\u00e9t\u00e9, mais elle est aussi un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d'identit\u00e9 et de coh\u00e9sion sociale \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Les Guat\u00e9malt\u00e8ques trouvent dans le Christ noir un facteur d'unit\u00e9 et d'attachement \u00e0 leurs traditions et \u00e0 leur culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'image du Christ noir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Il s'agit d'une sculpture du Christ crucifi\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e au XVIe si\u00e8cle en bois polychrome. Elle est attribu\u00e9e au sculpteur Quirio Cata\u00f1o. Il existe de nombreuses versions et l\u00e9gendes concernant la couleur sombre. Il n'y a pas de manuscrits qui affirment que la couleur originale du bois \u00e9tait totalement noire, mais il est certain que la fum\u00e9e des cierges, les bougies, l'encens, la poussi\u00e8re et les mains des p\u00e8lerins ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l'assombrir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon certains chercheurs, la tonalit\u00e9 noire des Cristos ou Vierges en Am\u00e9rique est attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 quatre facteurs : le syncr\u00e9tisme religieux, les mat\u00e9riaux des pi\u00e8ces (\u00e0 base de p\u00e2te de canne, de ma\u00efs et de bois sombre), la demande de repr\u00e9sentations \u00e9voquant un sentiment d'appartenance et la communaut\u00e9 afro-am\u00e9ricaine en Nouvelle-Espagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 partir du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, les religieux du Sanctuaire d'Esquipulas ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 canaliser la d\u00e9votion populaire et \u00e0 l'associer \u00e0 la tonalit\u00e9 sombre de l'image. Par exemple, le chanoine Juan Paz Sol\u00f3rzano \u00e9crivait en 1914 : \"Lorsque l'heure de la Passion est arriv\u00e9e, le Christ a march\u00e9 vers le Calvaire sous un soleil br\u00fblant et embrassant, au milieu d'un nuage de poussi\u00e8re produit par la foule impie qui le suivait. D'o\u00f9 vient donc cette admiration, en voyant l'image sacr\u00e9e repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sous une ombre sombre ?\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, lors de sa visite au sanctuaire d'Esquipulas le 6 f\u00e9vrier 1996, Jean Paul II<\/a> Il a soulign\u00e9 : \"Pendant quatre si\u00e8cles, les croyants et les croyantes de ces terres bien-aim\u00e9es se sont prostern\u00e9s, pleins d'amour et de confiance, devant le Christ, que le passage du temps et les expressions de d\u00e9votion ont noirci. Cette image, si v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par les Guat\u00e9malt\u00e8ques et les habitants des pays voisins, est comme une lumi\u00e8re qui nous r\u00e9v\u00e8le le chemin vers Dieu\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La d\u00e9votion en Am\u00e9rique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En Am\u00e9rique centrale, 272 sanctuaires sont consacr\u00e9s au Seigneur d'Esquipulas et sur le continent am\u00e9ricain, plus de 420, dont plus de 370 en Am\u00e9rique centrale et 80 % d'entre eux sont li\u00e9s au Christ d'Esquipulas. Au Mexique, la cath\u00e9drale m\u00e9tropolitaine de Mexico abrite les images aux tons sombres du Christ de Chalma, de Tila, d'Otatitl\u00e1n et du Seigneur du Poison.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La d\u00e9votion au Seigneur d'Esquipulas s'est largement r\u00e9pandue en dehors du Guatemala, notamment en Am\u00e9rique centrale, au Mexique et aux \u00c9tats-Unis, en Californie, en Floride, au Texas et \u00e0 New York, les \u00c9tats o\u00f9 la population guat\u00e9malt\u00e8que est la plus importante aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Les Guat\u00e9malt\u00e8ques constituent la sixi\u00e8me population d'origine hispanique du pays. Entre 2000 et 2021, leur nombre est pass\u00e9 de 410 000 \u00e0 1,8 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le chercheur Leonardo D. Rosas Paz souligne dans son travail de recherche sur la diffusion de la d\u00e9votion du Christ d'Esquipulas aux \u00c9tats-Unis, que la ville de Los Angeles a \u00e9t\u00e9 le centre de propagation de la d\u00e9votion du Christ noir \u00e0 d'autres localit\u00e9s d'Am\u00e9rique du Nord. L'un des premiers lieux o\u00f9 il a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 l'\u00e9glise Notre-Dame Reine de Los Angeles (Placita Olvera), dans le centre historique de Los Angeles. L'image du Seigneur d'Esquipulas est arriv\u00e9e en 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une autre \u00e9glise pionni\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 l'Immacul\u00e9e Conception de MacArthur Park \u00e0 Los Angeles. Depuis 2000, d'autres \u00e9glises de cet archidioc\u00e8se ont initi\u00e9 la d\u00e9votion, un facteur qui a augment\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de 2010, probablement en raison de l'augmentation du nombre de communaut\u00e9s guat\u00e9malt\u00e8ques qui sont arriv\u00e9es dans les diff\u00e9rentes vagues de migration de l'Am\u00e9rique centrale vers les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le festival aujourd'hui<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Il existe actuellement une vingtaine de sites dans la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9tropolitaine de Los Angeles et six \u00e0 San Francisco o\u00f9 cette d\u00e9votion est pratiqu\u00e9e. Dans ces lieux, des confr\u00e9ries du Christ d'Esquipulas se sont constitu\u00e9es et organisent autour du 15 janvier des neuvaines, des f\u00eates, des messes et diverses c\u00e9l\u00e9brations qui servent \u00e0 faire conna\u00eetre les riches traditions de ce pays aux \u00c9tats-Unis. En 2024, des dizaines d'\u00e9glises de Californie organiseront des c\u00e9l\u00e9brations en l'honneur du Christ noir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D'autres villes, comme Atlanta, Chicago, la Floride, la G\u00e9orgie, le Maryland et New York, organiseront \u00e9galement des festivit\u00e9s. De nombreuses messes seront pr\u00e9sid\u00e9es par des \u00e9v\u00eaques dans les \u00e9glises o\u00f9 il est v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 ou dans la cath\u00e9drale, comme c'est le cas \u00e0 Saint-Patrick, \u00e0 New York. Le cardinal Alvaro Leonel Ramazzini de Huehuetenango, au Guatemala, a pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie du dimanche 7 janvier.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cada 15 de enero se celebra en Guatemala la fiesta del Cristo Negro de Esquipulas, ciudad ubicada a 222 kil\u00f3metros de la capital de ese pa\u00eds. Esta fiesta atrae a Esquipulas a cerca de cuatro millones de peregrinos provenientes de diversos puntos de Guatemala. Acuden para dar gracias o pedir favores al Cristo Negro. Alrededor […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":36506,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,37,46],"tags":[538],"class_list":["post-36505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-america-latina","category-mundo","tag-america"],"yoast_head":"\nCristo Negro de Esquipulas, la devoci\u00f3n m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de Guatemala - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La devoci\u00f3n al Cristo Negro de Esquipulas se ha difundido ampliamente fuera de Guatemala, especialmente en Centroam\u00e9rica y Estados Unidos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/nouvelles\/christ-noir-esquipulas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cristo Negro de Esquipulas, la devoci\u00f3n m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de Guatemala - 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