{"id":38114,"date":"2024-03-14T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-14T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=38114"},"modified":"2024-03-14T11:57:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T09:57:10","slug":"georges-lemaitre-big-bang-priest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/actualidad\/georges-lemaitre-sacerdote-big-bang\/","title":{"rendered":"Georges Lema\u00eetre, le pr\u00eatre qui a propos\u00e9 la th\u00e9orie du Big Bang"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le pr\u00eatre et scientifique Georges Lema\u00eetre (Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Le 14 mars est la Journ\u00e9e internationale des math\u00e9matiques, et ce n'est pas une co\u00efncidence. De nombreux pays de tradition anglo-saxonne \u00e9crivent la date selon le sch\u00e9ma mois-jour-ann\u00e9e, ou simplement mois-jour. Cela signifie qu'une date s'\u00e9crit 3-14... Et c'est dans ces chiffres que se trouve la cl\u00e9 de la journ\u00e9e comm\u00e9morative des math\u00e9matiques : 3,14 est le d\u00e9but de l'un des nombres les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres, le nombre Pi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les math\u00e9matiques, \u00e0 la fois aim\u00e9es et d\u00e9test\u00e9es, sont \u00e9galement importantes pour les catholiques. La vie du pr\u00eatre, math\u00e9maticien, astronome et physicien Georges Lema\u00eetre, qui, en plus de son temps au s\u00e9minaire, \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s actif dans le monde universitaire et de la recherche, en est un exemple. \u00c0 tel point qu'il est l'un des p\u00e8res de la th\u00e9orie du Big Bang et de la loi Hubble-Lema\u00eetre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deux vocations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Georges Lema\u00eetre est n\u00e9 en Belgique le 17 juillet 1894. Fils de parents catholiques, il fr\u00e9quente une \u00e9cole j\u00e9suite. Il y excelle dans plusieurs mati\u00e8res, mais surtout en math\u00e9matiques et en physique. Au cours de ses \u00e9tudes, il en vient \u00e0 la conclusion qu'il a deux vocations, qui peuvent sembler incompatibles \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue : la pr\u00eatrise et la science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir suivi les cours de l'\u00c9cole des ing\u00e9nieurs des mines et s'\u00eatre engag\u00e9 comme volontaire dans l'arm\u00e9e pendant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, Georges entame des \u00e9tudes de physique et de math\u00e9matiques. En 1920, il obtient son doctorat avec sa th\u00e8se \"L'approximation des fonctions de plusieurs variables r\u00e9elles\". Apr\u00e8s avoir soutenu sa th\u00e8se, Lema\u00eetre rejoint le s\u00e9minaire<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, la pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 la pr\u00eatrise n'est pas un obstacle \u00e0 la poursuite de l'apprentissage de la physique et des math\u00e9matiques. Le jeune s\u00e9minariste continue donc \u00e0 se plonger dans les sciences et s'int\u00e9resse tout particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 d'Einstein. Au cours de sa vie, Georges Lema\u00eetre a rencontr\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 quatre fois le physicien allemand, qui a reconnu son importante contribution au progr\u00e8s scientifique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 a accompagn\u00e9 le pr\u00eatre pendant plusieurs ann\u00e9es. Il l'a approfondie tout au long de ses travaux de recherche, qui l'ont conduit aussi bien \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 de Cambridge en Angleterre qu'au c\u00e9l\u00e8bre MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contributions scientifiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Georges Lema\u00eetre a finalement obtenu un poste de professeur \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, dans son pays d'origine, et est retourn\u00e9 en Belgique. C'est l\u00e0 qu'il a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 l'une de ses grandes contributions, mentionn\u00e9e plus haut : la th\u00e9orie du Big Bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est \u00e9galement \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque qu'il a publi\u00e9 ses travaux sur ce que l'on appelle aujourd'hui la loi de Hubble-Lema\u00eetre. Cependant, sa contribution \u00e0 cette loi a mis des ann\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00eatre reconnue, la communaut\u00e9 scientifique en attribuant presque enti\u00e8rement le m\u00e9rite \u00e0 l'astronome Edwin Hubble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Science et foi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Certains doutaient du travail de Lema\u00eetre en tant que math\u00e9maticien et physicien. Pour certains, son statut de pr\u00eatre et ses convictions catholiques l'emp\u00eachaient de bien faire son travail. Mais le scientifique n'h\u00e9sitait pas \u00e0 pr\u00e9ciser que sa foi n'\u00e9tait pas un obstacle \u00e0 son travail. Il a affirm\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises qu'il n'avait pas besoin de m\u00e9langer les deux domaines lorsqu'ils devaient \u00eatre s\u00e9par\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 cela, il a \u00e9galement affirm\u00e9 que l'avantage d'\u00eatre un scientifique catholique est que l'on a l'assurance que la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est cr\u00e9\u00e9e par un \u00eatre intelligent, de sorte que les r\u00e9ponses aux questions sur l'univers peuvent \u00eatre trouv\u00e9es parce qu'elles suivent une logique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pape de l'\u00e9poque, Pie XII, n'avait pas les m\u00eames pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s que certains scientifiques de l'\u00e9poque. Il a donc nomm\u00e9 Lema\u00eetre membre de l'Institut des sciences de la Terre. Acad\u00e9mie pontificale des sciences<\/a>. S'il est vrai que le pontife et le pr\u00eatre ont eu quelques diff\u00e9rends, Lema\u00eetre n'est jamais entr\u00e9 en conflit direct avec le pape, affirmant que ses th\u00e9ories scientifiques n'\u00e9taient pas li\u00e9es \u00e0 la th\u00e9ologie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En 1960, Georges Lema\u00eetre devient pr\u00e9sident de l'Acad\u00e9mie pontificale. Au cours de son mandat, il facilite le dialogue entre scientifiques croyants et ath\u00e9es, atteignant une ouverture jamais vue dans l'institution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00eatre a poursuivi ses recherches et son minist\u00e8re sacerdotal toute sa vie, jusqu'\u00e0 ce qu'il meure d'une leuc\u00e9mie en 1966, \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de 71 ans.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 14 de marzo es el d\u00eda internacional de las matem\u00e1ticas y no es por mera casualidad. Muchos pa\u00edses de tradici\u00f3n anglosajona escriben la fecha siguiendo el esquema mes-d\u00eda-a\u00f1o, o sencillamente mes-d\u00eda. Esto significa que una fecha se escriba 3-14\u2026 Y en esos d\u00edgitos est\u00e1 la clave del d\u00eda conmemorativo de las matem\u00e1ticas: 3,14 es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1436,"featured_media":38116,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39],"tags":[576],"class_list":["post-38114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura","tag-ciencia"],"yoast_head":"\nGeorges Lema\u00eetre, el sacerdote que propuso la teor\u00eda del Big Bang - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Georges Lema\u00eetre fue un sacerdote, matem\u00e1tico y f\u00edsico cat\u00f3lico que desarroll\u00f3 la Teor\u00eda del Big Bang en el siglo XX.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/nouvelles\/georges-lemaitre-big-bang-priest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Georges Lema\u00eetre, el sacerdote que propuso la teor\u00eda del Big Bang - 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