{"id":51621,"date":"2025-08-21T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/?p=51621"},"modified":"2025-08-20T18:37:32","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T16:37:32","slug":"pourquoi-ne-pas-excommunier-les-hommes-politiques-qui-soutiennent-lavortement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/fr\/recursos\/por-que-no-excomulgar-a-los-politicos-que-apoyan-el-aborto\/","title":{"rendered":"Pourquoi ne pas excommunier les hommes politiques qui soutiennent l'avortement ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par Jenna Marie Cooper, OSV News<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans tous les d\u00e9bats de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es sur la question de savoir s'il faut ou non refuser la sainte communion aux hommes politiques favorables \u00e0 l'avortement, je me suis toujours demand\u00e9 : pourquoi leurs \u00e9v\u00eaques ne pourraient-ils pas tout simplement les excommunier ? Au moins, tout serait clair, connu du public et donc probablement moins controvers\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La r\u00e9ponse courte \u00e0 votre question est que l'excommunication est sp\u00e9cifiquement une punition pour les crimes canoniques. Et si le soutien politique aux politiques pro-choix est moralement probl\u00e9matique, il ne constitue pas en soi un crime canonique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raisons canoniques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour situer le contexte, lorsque nous parlons de politiciens favorables aux \u00e9lections \u00e0 qui l'on refuse la Sainte Communion, la citation pertinente est la suivante canon 915<\/a> du code des Droit canonique<\/a>. Le canon 915 nous dit que ceux qui \"pers\u00e9v\u00e8rent obstin\u00e9ment dans un p\u00e9ch\u00e9 grave et manifeste ne doivent pas \u00eatre admis \u00e0 la Sainte Communion\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le canon 915 donne aux ministres de la Sainte Communion et aux figures d'autorit\u00e9 pastorale (c'est-\u00e0-dire les \u00e9v\u00eaques et les pasteurs) des crit\u00e8res objectifs pour d\u00e9terminer s'il convient de refuser la Sainte Communion \u00e0 un catholique particulier. C'est important, car la position par d\u00e9faut de l'\u00c9glise est de rendre les sacrements aussi accessibles que possible, sur la base du principe que les fid\u00e8les ont un droit fondamental \u00e0 ces sacrements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le crit\u00e8re central du canon 915 est que le p\u00e9ch\u00e9 en question soit \"grave\" ou extr\u00eamement s\u00e9rieux, et la promotion active de politiques gouvernementales en faveur de la destruction de vies humaines innocentes en ferait certainement partie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e9ch\u00e9s publiquement connus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le p\u00e9ch\u00e9 doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre \"manifeste\", c'est-\u00e0-dire facilement connu du public ou observable de l'ext\u00e9rieur. D'une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les programmes politiques, les positions sur des questions controvers\u00e9es et les bulletins de vote sont des documents publics. Enfin, la personne doit \u00eatre \"obstin\u00e9ment pers\u00e9v\u00e9rante\" dans son p\u00e9ch\u00e9, ce qui signifie qu'elle le commet continuellement, m\u00eame apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 avertie par une autorit\u00e9 pastorale comp\u00e9tente de la gravit\u00e9 de ses actes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que ces consid\u00e9rations puissent sembler tr\u00e8s l\u00e9galistes et sugg\u00e9rer que la personne est en quelque sorte \"en proc\u00e8s\", ce canon fait partie de la section du Code de droit canonique sur les sacrements et n'est pas vraiment li\u00e9 au droit p\u00e9nal de l'\u00c9glise. En d'autres termes, le canon 915 et les canons connexes ont pour objectif premier de prot\u00e9ger la dignit\u00e9 du sacrement ; ils ne sont pas destin\u00e9s \u00e0 punir directement les infractions canoniques. L'\u00c9glise consid\u00e8re l'application du canon 915 comme une question de dialogue pastoral et d'admonestation personnelle, plut\u00f4t que comme le r\u00e9sultat d'un proc\u00e8s p\u00e9nal ou d'un processus judiciaire eccl\u00e9siastique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En revanche, le droit p\u00e9nal de l'\u00c9glise vise \u00e0 identifier et \u00e0 punir les infractions. Cela profite \u00e0 la fois aux d\u00e9linquants eux-m\u00eames, lorsqu'ils sont sanctionn\u00e9s par des peines \"m\u00e9dicinales\", et \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 eccl\u00e9siale dans son ensemble, lorsqu'ils sont sanctionn\u00e9s par des peines \"expiatoires\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La peine d'excommunication est m\u00e9dicinale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L'excommunication est un exemple de peine m\u00e9dicinale, car elle est con\u00e7ue comme une sorte de \"rappel \u00e0 l'ordre\" pour avertir le d\u00e9linquant qu'il est sur la mauvaise voie, et peut \u00eatre lev\u00e9e relativement facilement si le d\u00e9linquant se repent. Les peines expiatoires comprennent la perte de l'\u00e9tat cl\u00e9rical, dans laquelle un pr\u00eatre reconnu coupable d'un d\u00e9lit canonique est virtuellement expuls\u00e9 de la pr\u00eatrise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le droit eccl\u00e9siastique exige que \"les lois prescrivant une peine... soient strictement interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es\" (Canon 18). Cela signifie que les peines canoniques ne peuvent pas \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re lib\u00e9rale \u00e0 tous les comportements r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensibles que l'\u00c9glise souhaite r\u00e9primer. Au contraire, une peine canonique ne peut \u00eatre impos\u00e9e que pour des actes sp\u00e9cifiquement d\u00e9finis comme des crimes par le droit canonique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si le fait de provoquer directement un avortement est un crime canonique passible d'excommunication automatique (voir Canon 1397, 2), cela ne s'applique qu'aux situations o\u00f9 un individu particulier a effectivement provoqu\u00e9 un avortement personnellement, et non aux situations o\u00f9 une personne a encourag\u00e9 l'avortement d'une mani\u00e8re plus abstraite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 la lumi\u00e8re de ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, il ne serait ni possible ni pastoralement appropri\u00e9 d'essayer d'utiliser la peine d'excommunication comme moyen d'\u00e9viter les conversations inconfortables parfois associ\u00e9es au canon 915.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Jenna Marie Cooper, OSV News En todos los debates de los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os sobre si se debe negar o no la Sagrada Comuni\u00f3n a los pol\u00edticos proaborto, siempre me he preguntado: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 sus obispos no pod\u00edan simplemente excomulgarlos? As\u00ed, al menos, todo ser\u00eda claro, de conocimiento p\u00fablico y, por lo tanto, probablemente menos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2425,"featured_media":51622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[537],"tags":[612],"class_list":["post-51621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recursos","tag-aborto"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 no excomulgar a los pol\u00edticos que apoyan el aborto?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Iglesia no puede excomulgar a los pol\u00edticos proaborto porque su postura, aunque moralmente grave, no constituye un delito can\u00f3nico.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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