{"id":13844,"date":"2021-07-17T05:35:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T04:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=13844"},"modified":"2021-07-17T07:58:27","modified_gmt":"2021-07-17T06:58:27","slug":"nienawistny-dyskurs-moze-byc-odrzucony-przy-szczesliwym-sporze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/firmas\/el-discurso-del-odio-puede-ser-rechazado-con-la-disputa-a-feliz\/","title":{"rendered":"Mow\u0119 nienawi\u015bci mo\u017cna odrzuci\u0107: za pomoc\u0105 \"szcz\u0119\u015bliwego sporu\"."},"content":{"rendered":"

Codziennie, i nie jest to nic nowego, mamy do czynienia z polemicznymi rozmowami w sieci, w kt\u00f3rych ka\u017cdy pr\u00f3buje narzuci\u0107 sw\u00f3j punkt widzenia na ka\u017cdy temat, o kt\u00f3rym dyskutuje opinia publiczna, od szczepionek po mecz swojej narodowej dru\u017cyny pi\u0142karskiej, od spraw dra\u017cliwych, nale\u017c\u0105cych do sfery duchowej, po wybory polityczne, kt\u00f3re cz\u0119sto przynosz\u0105 efekt przeciwny do zamierzonego. Wszystko jest przypisane, jak czytamy, do pojemnika z mow\u0105 nienawi\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dzieje si\u0119 tak dlatego, \u017ce ka\u017cdy z nas ma wrodzon\u0105 zdolno\u015b\u0107 perswazji (ch\u0119\u0107 przekonania drugiej osoby o \"dobroci\" swoich pomys\u0142\u00f3w), ale priorytetowo traktujemy wynik, a nie drog\u0119 do niego. Zapominamy, \u017ce duch debaty polega w\u0142a\u015bnie na tym, by nigdy nie stawia\u0107 \"kropki nad i\", ale by nieustannie zasila\u0107 j\u0105 nowymi opiniami, punktami widzenia i bod\u017acami, w procesie ci\u0105g\u0142ej i owocnej kontrargumentacji dla ka\u017cdego z pretendent\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n\t

Ka\u017cdy z nas ma wrodzon\u0105 zdolno\u015b\u0107 przekonywania, ale priorytetowo traktujemy wynik, a nie spos\u00f3b dotarcia do niego.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\tGiovanni Tridente<\/span><\/cite>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

Jak zatem mo\u017cliwe jest niezgadzanie si\u0119 w rozmowie, generowanie debaty, kt\u00f3ra mo\u017ce by\u0107 naprawd\u0119 przekonuj\u0105ca dla rozm\u00f3wc\u00f3w i odbiorc\u00f3w, bez popadania w \"dewiacje\" argumentacji? Propozycja w\u0142oskiego filozofa Bruno Mastroianniego, zawarta w jego ksi\u0105\u017cce Szcz\u0119\u015bliwy sp\u00f3r Jak nie zgadza\u0107 si\u0119 bez walki na portalach spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych, w mediach i publicznie<\/a><\/em> (Rialp) ma za naczeln\u0105 zasad\u0119 \"utrzymanie uwagi, energii i koncentracji na kwestiach i tematach spornych, bez zrywania relacji mi\u0119dzy dwoma pretendentami, w\u0142a\u015bnie po to, by karmi\u0107 si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0105, kt\u00f3ra si\u0119 pojawia\" - podkre\u015bla Mastroianni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Szcz\u0119\u015bliwy sp\u00f3r polega na dzia\u0142aniu na trzech poziomach, aby stworzy\u0107 klimat sprzyjaj\u0105cy konfrontacji i dobrej perswazji. Pierwszy poziom to przezwyci\u0119\u017cenie mentalno\u015bci konfrontacyjnej, do kt\u00f3rej przyzwyczai\u0142y nas media. Drugi poziom to \u015bwiadomy wyb\u00f3r okre\u015blonych form wypowiedzi w rozmowie z drugim, unikanie np. dysocjacji (\"to nie tak\", \"to jest z\u0142e\", \"to jest fa\u0142szywe\"), oburzenie (\"nie b\u0119d\u0119 tolerowa\u0142, \u017ce tak si\u0119 m\u00f3wi\", \"to nies\u0142ychane\"), oceny ad hominem (\"nie masz racji\", \"nie rozumiesz\"), uog\u00f3lnienia (\"to typowe dla was katolik\u00f3w\/ateist\u00f3w\/obcych\/nauczycieli\") czy mowa nienawi\u015bci.... poniewa\u017c s\u0105 to wszystkie konfrontacyjne podej\u015bcia, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 wojowniczy wp\u0142yw na s\u0142uchacza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wreszcie, musimy nauczy\u0107 si\u0119 odk\u0142ada\u0107 na bok wyra\u017cenia, kt\u00f3re wywo\u0142uj\u0105 wrog\u0105 reakcj\u0119 u drugiej osoby, korzystaj\u0105c w razie potrzeby ze zdrowej \"si\u0142y ignorowania\", maj\u0105c \u015bwiadomo\u015b\u0107, \u017ce cz\u0119sto, a zw\u0142aszcza w sieci, \"brak odpowiedzi\" jest sam w sobie komunikatem, prawdopodobnie nawet bardziej skutecznym ni\u017c wyra\u017ana reakcja na otrzyman\u0105 prowokacj\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W p\u00f3\u017aniejszej ksi\u0105\u017cce -.W razie potrzeby post\u0119powanie s\u0105dowe<\/a><\/em>Mastroianni idzie dalej i podsumowuje g\u0142\u00f3wne walory argumentu w palcach r\u0119ki, obrazem, kt\u00f3ry uznajemy za udany, sugeruj\u0105c, \u017ce szcz\u0119\u015bliwy sp\u00f3r jest czym\u015b \"w zasi\u0119gu r\u0119ki\" i \u017ce ka\u017cdy mo\u017ce go wprowadzi\u0107 w \u017cycie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma\u0142y palec przywo\u0142uje pokor\u0119, warto\u015b\u0107 granic, by powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce \"jeste\u015bmy w stanie utrzyma\u0107 bez k\u0142\u00f3tni tylko to, czym ma\u0142o jeste\u015bmy i co wiemy\"; palec serdeczny, ten od obr\u0105czki, przywo\u0142uje wi\u0119\u017a, a wi\u0119c warto\u015b\u0107 zaufania, by nie rozprasza\u0107 si\u0119 podczas niezgody, maj\u0105c \u015bwiadomo\u015b\u0107, \u017ce trzeba \"dba\u0107 przede wszystkim o relacje mi\u0119dzy lud\u017ami\"; \u015brodkowy palec przypomina natomiast o konieczno\u015bci odrzucenia agresji, odpierania obelg i prowokacji, by pozosta\u0107 przy temacie sporu; palec wskazuj\u0105cy jest tym, kt\u00f3ry wybiera, na czym si\u0119 skupi\u0107, a wi\u0119c jest \u015bci\u015ble zwi\u0105zany z tematem, o ile jest on obiektywny, konkretny, istotny i sp\u00f3jny; wreszcie kciuk, czyli palec \"lubi\u0119 to\" na portalach spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych, jest naprawd\u0119 ceniony, gdy w sporze palec jest zorientowany na siebie, jako forma autoironii, czyli posiadania umiej\u0119tno\u015bci prze\u017cywania rzeczy z dystansem, bez zbyt powa\u017cnego traktowania opinii swoich i innych, kr\u00f3tko m\u00f3wi\u0105c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wszystko to ze \u015bwiadomo\u015bci\u0105, \u017ce sp\u00f3r, aby by\u0142 naprawd\u0119 szcz\u0119\u015bliwy, musi by\u0107 ci\u0105g\u0142y, bo nie ma spraw, o kt\u00f3rych nie mo\u017cna by dyskutowa\u0107, i nie ma prawdy, kt\u00f3rej nie mo\u017cna by odnale\u017a\u0107 za pomoc\u0105 \u015brodk\u00f3w retorycznych, zawsze podatnych na nowe uzgodnienia i nowe przeformu\u0142owania.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Todos los d\u00edas, y esto no es nuevo, tenemos experiencia de conversaciones pol\u00e9micas en la red en las que cada uno trata de imponer su punto de vista sobre cada tema que se debate en la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica, desde las vacunas hasta el partido de la selecci\u00f3n nacional de f\u00fatbol de cada uno, desde cuestiones […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":13845,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-firmas"],"yoast_head":"\nEl discurso del odio puede ser rechazado: con la \u2018disputa feliz\u2019 - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El di\u00e1logo enriquecedor en las redes sociales s\u00f3lo es posible haciendo un esfuerzo personal por evitar las confrontaciones directas.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/podpisy\/nienawistny-dyskurs-moze-byc-odrzucony-przy-szczesliwym-sporze\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El discurso del odio puede ser rechazado: con la \u2018disputa feliz\u2019 - 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