{"id":21361,"date":"2022-07-30T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-30T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=21361"},"modified":"2022-09-08T14:25:05","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T13:25:05","slug":"ukraina-a-religia-puzzle-puzzle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/actualidad\/ucrania-un-rompecabezas-de-religiones\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukraina: zagadka religii"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/artykuly\/ukraine-a-jigsaw-puzzle-of-religions\/\">T\u0142umaczenie artyku\u0142u na j\u0119zyk angielski<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 greckokatolicki liczy w <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/aktualnosci\/mediacja-watykan-ukraina\/\">Ukraina<\/a> z oko\u0142o 3.400 parafiami, oko\u0142o 3.000 kap\u0142an\u00f3w na og\u00f3ln\u0105 liczb\u0119 4.800, oraz oko\u0142o 1.100 m\u0119\u017cczyzn i kobiet zakonnych (\u0142\u0105cznie 1.300). Stanowi\u0105 oni 8,8 % ukrai\u0144skich katolik\u00f3w, co razem z 0,8 % Latynos\u00f3w stanowi prawie 10 % ludno\u015bci Ukrainy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Postrzeganie jedno\u015bci w narodzie ukrai\u0144skim ma ogromny sens w kraju licznych tradycji religijnych, uk\u0142adance, w kt\u00f3rej 60 % z 41 milion\u00f3w mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w to prawos\u0142awni; grekokatolicy 8,8 %; rzymscy katolicy 0,8 %; protestanci 1,5 %; i \"po prostu chrze\u015bcijanie\" 8,5 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W odpowiedzi na niekt\u00f3re liczby dotycz\u0105ce spo\u0142eczno\u015bci prawos\u0142awnej, kt\u00f3re obieg\u0142y media, ukrai\u0144ski ksi\u0105dz i dziennikarz Jurij B\u0142a\u017cejewski FDP, przypomnia\u0142 Omnesowi, \u017ce spo\u015br\u00f3d 60 % prawos\u0142awnych s\u0105 oni \"...najwa\u017cniejsi ze spo\u0142eczno\u015bci prawos\u0142awnej\".<em>wierni Ukrai\u0144skiej Cerkwi Prawos\u0142awnej (metropolity Epifaniusza), 24,1 %; wierni Ukrai\u0144skiej Cerkwi Prawos\u0142awnej Patriarchatu Moskiewskiego (pod przewodnictwem patriarchy Cyryla), 13,31 %; wierni innych Cerkwi Prawos\u0142awnych (np. Patriarchatu Konstantynopola, Patriarchatu Rumu\u0144skiego itp.), 0,6 %; oraz jako prawos\u0142awni bez zrzeszania si\u0119 w konkretnej instytucji, 21,9 %\", 0,6 %.), 0,6 %; oraz jako Orthodox nie zwi\u0105zany z konkretn\u0105 instytucj\u0105, 21,9 %\".<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dane pochodz\u0105 z listopada 2021 roku i odpowiadaj\u0105 raportowi <em>Specyfika samostanowienia religijnego i ko\u015bcielnego obywateli Ukrainy: tendencje 2000-2021<\/em>na stronie <em>Religia i Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 w spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwie ukrai\u0144skim w latach 2000-2001<\/em>z <em>Centrum Razumkowa<\/em>. \"<em>To jest badanie na wysokim poziomie, kt\u00f3re trwa od 21 lat\".<\/em>Jurij B\u0142a\u017cejewski, ksi\u0105dz od 10 lat nale\u017c\u0105cy do Zgromadzenia Hogar Don Orione, a obecnie studiuj\u0105cy Komunikacj\u0119 Instytucjonaln\u0105 na Uniwersytecie \u015awi\u0119tego Krzy\u017ca w Rzymie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00f3\u017cnice mi\u0119dzy prawos\u0142awnymi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na stronie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/aktualnosci\/wywiad-kaplica-ivan-lypka-ukraina\/\">Ojciec Constantin,<\/a> Ukrai\u0144ski prawos\u0142awny, od 22 lat przebywa w Hiszpanii. <em>\"W naszym kraju mamy trzy Ko\u015bcio\u0142y: jeden greckokatolicki, jeden ukrai\u0144ski prawos\u0142awny i jeden rosyjski prawos\u0142awny. Jestem Ukrai\u0144cem z Patriarchatu Konstantynopola\".<\/em>powiedzia\u0142.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na pytanie, czy istnieje wsp\u00f3lne stanowisko Ko\u015bcio\u0142\u00f3w na Ukrainie w sprawie interwencji rosyjskiej, odpowiedzia\u0142: \".... Ko\u015bcio\u0142y na Ukrainie maj\u0105 wsp\u00f3lne stanowisko w sprawie interwencji rosyjskiej.<em>S\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnice, bo na terytorium Ukrainy jest Cerkiew Prawos\u0142awna Patriarchatu Moskiewskiego, kt\u00f3ra popiera Putina\".<\/em>. Jego zdaniem, <em>\"Jakiekolwiek negocjacje nie zadowol\u0105 Rosji, bo to, czego chc\u0105, to terytorium Ukrainy. To jest polityka. Nie chc\u0119 ingerowa\u0107 w polityk\u0119. Dla nas, dla kap\u0142an\u00f3w, najwa\u017cniejsze jest dotarcie poprzez modlitw\u0119 do naszych ludzi, uspokojenie ich serc i my\u015bli. I modli\u0107 si\u0119, aby ta wojna zako\u0144czy\u0142a si\u0119 jak najszybciej, a ofiar \u015bmiertelnych by\u0142o jak najmniej\".<\/em>powiedzia\u0142 Omnesowi<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pod koniec rozmowy do\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 nowy prawos\u0142awny metropolita Hiszpanii i Portugalii abp Besarion (Ekumeniczny Patriarchat Konstantynopola), kt\u00f3ry nawi\u0105za\u0142 do s\u0142\u00f3w ekumenicznego patriarchy Bart\u0142omieja. Szybko zadzwoni\u0142 na pocz\u0105tku <em>\"ten niesprowokowany atak Rosji na Ukrain\u0119, niezale\u017cne i suwerenne pa\u0144stwo w Europie\".<\/em>, <em>\"do Jego B\u0142ogos\u0142awie\u0144stwa Metropolity Epifaniusza, Prymasa Prawos\u0142awnej Cerkwi Ukrainy, aby wyrazi\u0107 g\u0142\u0119bokie ubolewanie z powodu tego ra\u017c\u0105cego naruszenia wszelkich poj\u0119\u0107 prawa mi\u0119dzynarodowego i legalno\u015bci, a tak\u017ce poparcie dla narodu ukrai\u0144skiego walcz\u0105cego 'za Boga i za kraj' oraz dla rodzin niewinnych ofiar\".<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prawos\u0142awny patriarcha Bart\u0142omiej wystosowa\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c apel o dialog do przyw\u00f3dc\u00f3w wszystkich pa\u0144stw i organizacji mi\u0119dzynarodowych, a nale\u017cy przypomnie\u0107, \u017ce jako jeden z pierwszych, wraz z episkopatami W\u0142och i Polski, przy\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 si\u0119 do wo\u0142ania o modlitw\u0119, o kt\u00f3re poprosi\u0142 papie\u017c Franciszek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Katolicy na Ukrainie, II i III w.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Katolicy s\u0105 mniejszo\u015bci\u0105 na Ukrainie, cho\u0107 stanowi\u0105 prawie 10 % ludno\u015bci, je\u015bli doda\u0107 grekokatolik\u00f3w i Latynos\u00f3w. Jednak, <em>\"jest najwi\u0119kszym pod wzgl\u0119dem bezwzgl\u0119dnej liczby wiernych Wschodnim Ko\u015bcio\u0142em Katolickim na \u015bwiecie. Jest to r\u00f3wnie\u017c Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 prawdziwie globalny, z oficjalnie uznan\u0105 struktur\u0105 diecezji obejmuj\u0105cych cztery kontynenty (bez Afryki), z bogat\u0105 obecno\u015bci\u0105 w\u015br\u00f3d wielkiej diaspory ukrai\u0144skiej na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie, zw\u0142aszcza w Europie, Stanach Zjednoczonych, Kanadzie, Brazylii i Argentynie\".<\/em>Jurij B\u0142a\u017cejewski dodaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 greckokatolicki, obrz\u0105dku bizantyjskiego, jest jednym z Ko\u015bcio\u0142\u00f3w wschodnich zwi\u0105zanych z Ko\u015bcio\u0142em katolickim i z Rzymem poprzez Kongregacj\u0119 Ko\u015bcio\u0142\u00f3w Wschodnich. \"<em>Chrze\u015bcija\u0144stwo dotar\u0142o na obecne tereny Ukrainy w II i III wieku\".<\/em>B\u0142a\u017cejewski wspomina. <em>\"Na przyk\u0142ad \u015bwi\u0119ty m\u0119czennik papie\u017c Klemens zgin\u0105\u0142 na Krymie. Istniej\u0105 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a o strukturze ko\u015bcielnej i obecno\u015bci biskup\u00f3w w greckich koloniach miejskich na Krymie i p\u00f3\u0142nocnym wybrze\u017cu Morza Czarnego z III wieku. Oficjalny chrzest kr\u00f3la (wielkiego ksi\u0119cia) kijowskiego Wo\u0142odymyra wraz z jego ludem odby\u0142 si\u0119 w 988 roku z r\u0105k misjonarzy wys\u0142anych z Konstantynopola\".<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\"Chrzcielnica dla trzech narod\u00f3w\".<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\"Od tego czasu\".<\/em>dodaje, <em>\"Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 ukrai\u0144ski zawsze funkcjonowa\u0142 jako autonomiczna metropolia kijowska podlegaj\u0105ca patriarsze Konstantynopola. Godna uwagi jest jednak tak\u017ce obecno\u015b\u0107 misji \u0142aci\u0144skich. Ciekawostk\u0105 jest fakt, \u017ce Metropolia Kijowska nigdy oficjalnie nie zerwa\u0142a komunii z Rzymem uroczystym aktem lub dokumentem. W ten spos\u00f3b wszystkie ukrai\u0144skie Ko\u015bcio\u0142y prawos\u0142awne i Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 greckokatolicki uznaj\u0105 si\u0119 wzajemnie za Ko\u015bcio\u0142y 'z jednego \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a chrztu w Kijowie', co samo w sobie stanowi solidn\u0105 p\u0142aszczyzn\u0119 dialogu ekumenicznego\".<\/em>co podkre\u015bli\u0142 \u015bw. Jan Pawe\u0142 II podczas podr\u00f3\u017cy apostolskiej do tego kraju w 2001 r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ukraina to nie tylko kolebka rosyjskiego chrze\u015bcija\u0144stwa, to tak\u017ce <em>\"jedna chrzcielnica dla trzech narod\u00f3w: Ukraina, Bia\u0142oru\u015b i Rosja\".<\/em>Jurij B\u0142a\u017cejewski dodaje. <em>\"Rozumowanie w kategoriach narodowo\u015bciowych nie przystaje jednak do sytuacji \u015bredniowiecznej, gdy\u017c w Europie sam termin nar\u00f3d w u\u017cywanym dzi\u015b znaczeniu pochodzi dopiero z tzw. Wiosny Lud\u00f3w w latach 40. XIX wieku\".<\/em>. W sprawie precedensu narodowego ksi\u0105dz i dziennikarz podaje nast\u0119puj\u0105ce informacje: <em>\"Kij\u00f3w, stolica Ukrainy, za\u0142o\u017cony w V wieku; Moskwa, stolica Rosji, za\u0142o\u017cona w 1147 roku przez jednego z m\u0142odszych syn\u00f3w wielkiego ksi\u0119cia kijowskiego\".<\/em>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Traducci\u00f3n del art\u00edculo al ingl\u00e9s La Iglesia greco-cat\u00f3lica cuenta en Ucrania con unas 3.400 parroquias, con cerca de 3.000 sacerdotes, del total de 4.800, y en torno a 1.100 religiosos y religiosas (1.300 en total). Constituyen el 8,8 % de los ucranianos cat\u00f3licos, que junto al 0,8 % de los latinos, llegan casi al 10 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":22099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39],"tags":[6,396,641],"class_list":["post-21361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura","tag-europa","tag-papa-francisco","tag-ucrania"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ucrania: Un rompecabezas de religiones - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un 60% son ortodoxos; greco-cat\u00f3licos el 8,8%; romano-cat\u00f3licos un 0,8%; protestantes, un 1,5%; y \u201ccristianos\u201d, un 8,5%.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/aktualnosci\/ukraina-a-religia-puzzle-puzzle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ucrania: Un rompecabezas de religiones - Omnes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un 60% son ortodoxos; 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