{"id":25106,"date":"2022-10-04T06:04:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T05:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=25106"},"modified":"2025-11-28T14:15:21","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T12:15:21","slug":"san-francisco-de-asis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/foco\/san-francisco-de-asis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015awi\u0119ty Franciszek z Asy\u017cu, \u015bwi\u0119ty odwieczny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sant Land<\/a>a. Miejsce \u015awi\u0119te strze\u017cone przez Bracia franciszkanie.<\/a> Zobaczy\u0142em je, gdy pielgrzymowa\u0142em tam w 2016 roku, na rok przed 800-leciem przybycia franciszkan\u00f3w na te tereny. Zawsze byli gotowi z gotowym u\u015bmiechem, do ka\u017cdego odnosili si\u0119 z pokor\u0105, cieszyli si\u0119, gdy kto\u015b ich pozdrowi\u0142 lub zada\u0142 pytanie. Po latach, w 2020 roku, odwiedzi\u0142em Bazylik\u0119 \u015bw. Franciszka w Asy\u017cu i wtedy pozna\u0142em bardzo dobr\u0105 anegdot\u0119, kt\u00f3ra wyja\u015bnia entuzjazm, z jakim franciszkanie podj\u0119li si\u0119 zadania tej Kustodii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historia bazyliki<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u015awi\u0119ty Franciszek zmar\u0142 w 1226 roku (maj\u0105c zaledwie 44 lata, szkoda). Dwa lata p\u00f3\u017aniej zosta\u0142 og\u0142oszony \u015bwi\u0119tym; do tego czasu wielu ludzi by\u0142o zdecydowanych wybudowa\u0107 bazylik\u0119, w kt\u00f3rej znajdowa\u0142by si\u0119 jego gr\u00f3b. Jak wielki by\u0142 zgrzyt, \u017ce dzie\u0144 po kanonizacji sam papie\u017c Grzegorz IX uda\u0142 si\u0119 do miasta \u015bwi\u0119tego, aby wmurowa\u0107 kamie\u0144 w\u0119gielny. Z udzia\u0142em wielu os\u00f3b i przez ponad sto lat budowano ogromne bia\u0142e sanktuarium; usytuowane na zachodnim skraju skromnego wzg\u00f3rza miasta, ze spokojnym widokiem na dolin\u0119 Spoleto. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po wej\u015bciu do g\u00f3rnej bazyliki (jest jeszcze jedna ni\u017csza bazylika, a jeszcze ni\u017cej krypta) znajdujemy si\u0119 w wysokiej, \u015bwietlistej i z\u0142otej przestrzeni, z gwie\u017adzistym niebieskim sufitem, otoczonej 28 freskami Giotta, s\u0142ynnego florenckiego malarza, najwi\u0119kszego artysty \"?Trecento\".<\/em>w kt\u00f3rym opowiada o \"Opowie\u015bci z \u017cycia \u015bwi\u0119tego Franciszka\".<\/em> wed\u0142ug hagiografii napisanej przez \u015bw. Bonawentur\u0119. To imponuj\u0105ce. A kiedy opowiadaj\u0105, \u017ce po raz pierwszy w historii namalowano we wn\u0119trzu ko\u015bcio\u0142a obrazkowy cykl ca\u0142ego \u017cycia \u015bwi\u0119tego, tym bardziej doceniasz to. Na prawej \u015bcianie szybko natrafia si\u0119 na intryguj\u0105cy panel, przedstawiaj\u0105cy anegdot\u0119, o kt\u00f3rej wspomnia\u0142em na pocz\u0105tku: pr\u00f3b\u0119 ognia przed su\u0142tanem Egiptu, Al-Kamil al-Malikiem. I uwa\u017caj na ten ogie\u0144, kt\u00f3ry ma swoj\u0105 histori\u0119.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kwasowy test<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Czerwiec 1219 r. Krzy\u017cowcy rozbili si\u0119 w Afryce P\u00f3\u0142nocnej, pod murami Damietty, by walczy\u0107 z su\u0142tanem Egiptu, Al-Kamilem al-Malikiem, pr\u00f3buj\u0105c odzyska\u0107 kontrol\u0119 nad Ziemi\u0105 \u015awi\u0119t\u0105. \u015awi\u0119ty Franciszek, pa\u0142aj\u0105c mi\u0142o\u015bci\u0105 do Boga i pragnieniem m\u0119cze\u0144skiej \u015bmierci, uda\u0142 si\u0119 na front, by prosi\u0107 o spotkanie z su\u0142tanem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gdy tylko Franciszek przekroczy\u0142 lini\u0119 frontu, Saraceni wzi\u0119li go do niewoli i przyprowadzili do obecno\u015bci su\u0142tana. W\u0142a\u015bnie tego chcia\u0142 \u015bwi\u0119ty, bo wtedy mia\u0142 czas, by z nim przebywa\u0107 (m\u00f3wi si\u0119, \u017ce m\u00f3g\u0142 sp\u0119dzi\u0107 w jego towarzystwie nawet trzy tygodnie) i g\u0142osi\u0142 mu o Tr\u00f3jjedynym Bogu, o zbawieniu zdobytym dla nas przez Jezusa Chrystusa itd. Podobno, cho\u0107 su\u0142tan by\u0142 cz\u0142owiekiem towarzyskim (muzu\u0142ma\u0144ski historyk al-Maqrizi podaje: \"Al-Kamil bardzo kocha\u0142 ludzi wiedzy, lubi\u0142 ich towarzystwo\"). Szczeg\u00f3ln\u0105 sympati\u0105 darzy\u0142 go \u015bw. Franciszek, cz\u0142owiek skromny. Jak rozwija\u0142o si\u0119 to spotkanie? Bonawentura obszernie o tym opowiada, wi\u0119c zostawi\u0119 was z tym: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Su\u0142tan, obserwuj\u0105c godn\u0105 podziwu \u017carliwo\u015b\u0107 i cnot\u0119 cz\u0142owieka Bo\u017cego, wys\u0142ucha\u0142 go z rado\u015bci\u0105 i gor\u0105co zaprosi\u0142, by pozosta\u0142 u niego. Ale s\u0142uga Chrystusa, natchniony z wysoka, odpowiedzia\u0142 mu: \"Je\u015bli postanowisz nawr\u00f3ci\u0107 si\u0119 do Chrystusa, ty i twoi ludzie, ch\u0119tnie pozostan\u0119 w twoim towarzystwie ze wzgl\u0119du na niego. Je\u015bli jednak wahacie si\u0119, czy porzuci\u0107 prawo Mahometa w zamian za wiar\u0119 Chrystusa, to rozka\u017ccie rozpali\u0107 wielkie ognisko, a ja wejd\u0119 do niego z waszymi kap\u0142anami, aby\u015bcie wiedzieli, kt\u00f3ra z tych dw\u00f3ch wiar ma by\u0107 uznana za bezpieczniejsz\u0105 i \u015bwi\u0119tsz\u0105. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Su\u0142tan odpowiedzia\u0142: \"Nie wierz\u0119, \u017ce w\u015br\u00f3d moich kap\u0142an\u00f3w jest kto\u015b, kto dla obrony swojej wiary got\u00f3w jest wystawi\u0107 si\u0119 na pr\u00f3b\u0119 ognia, ani nie chce cierpie\u0107 \u017cadnych innych m\u0119czarni. Rzeczywi\u015bcie zauwa\u017cy\u0142, \u017ce jeden z jego kap\u0142an\u00f3w, cz\u0142owiek uczciwy i w zaawansowanym wieku, gdy tylko us\u0142ysza\u0142 o tej sprawie, znikn\u0105\u0142 z jego obecno\u015bci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wtedy \u015bwi\u0119ty z\u0142o\u017cy\u0142 mu tak\u0105 propozycj\u0119: \"Je\u015bli w imieniu swoim i swojego ludu przyrzekniesz mi, \u017ce nawr\u00f3cisz si\u0119 na cze\u015b\u0107 Chrystusa, je\u015bli wyjd\u0119 z ognia bez szwanku, sam wejd\u0119 na stos. Je\u015bli ogie\u0144 mnie poch\u0142onie, niech b\u0119dzie przypisany moim grzechom; ale je\u015bli jestem chroniony przez bosk\u0105 moc, rozpoznasz Chrystusa, moc i m\u0105dro\u015b\u0107 Bo\u017c\u0105, prawdziwego Boga i Pana, Zbawiciela wszystkich ludzi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Su\u0142tan odpowiedzia\u0142, \u017ce nie ma odwagi przyj\u0105\u0107 takiej opcji, bo obawia si\u0119 powstania ludu. Mimo to ofiarowa\u0142 mu wiele cennych dar\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re cz\u0142owiek Bo\u017cy odrzuci\u0142 jako b\u0142oto\" (\"...\").Major Legend\".<\/em>, 9,8).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Franciszkanie w Ziemi \u015awi\u0119tej<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jak Franciszek m\u00f3g\u0142 si\u0119 ba\u0107 ognia, skoro ogie\u0144 mieszka\u0142 w nim? Chesterton tak to sobie wyobra\u017ca\u0142: \"w jego oczach \u017carzy\u0142 si\u0119 ogie\u0144, kt\u00f3ry wzburza\u0142 go dzie\u0144 i noc\". Na zako\u0144czenie spotkania \"poverello<\/em> wr\u00f3ci\u0142 do W\u0142och, a su\u0142tan zosta\u0142, by walczy\u0107. Pozostaje jednak relacja mi\u0119dzy chrze\u015bcijanami i muzu\u0142manami w stylu \u015bw. Franciszka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Franciszkanie czuli wezwanie Boga do strze\u017cenia Ziemi \u015awi\u0119tej, niekt\u00f3rzy z nich podj\u0119li t\u0119 misj\u0119 ju\u017c w 1217 r., a p\u0142omienny przyk\u0142ad ich za\u0142o\u017cyciela w 1219 r. utwierdzi\u0142 ich w tym przedsi\u0119wzi\u0119ciu. Skoro \u015bw. Franciszek spotka\u0142 si\u0119 z Al-Kamilem i byli w tak dobrych stosunkach, to zar\u00f3wno krzy\u017cowcy, jak i muzu\u0142manie, kt\u00f3rzy spierali si\u0119 o panowanie nad miejscami \u015bwi\u0119tymi, dysponowali bezcennym \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em, kt\u00f3re nape\u0142nia\u0142o ich szacunkiem dla braci: odwa\u017cny i pokorny przyk\u0142ad \u015bw. Franciszka w dialogu z bra\u0107mi innych religii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oto co powiedzia\u0142 by\u0142y minister generalny Braci Mniejszych, gdy obchodzili 800-lecie spotkania \u015bw. Franciszka z su\u0142tanem: \"Wielu wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych \u015bw. Franciszkowi i su\u0142tanowi zgadza\u0142o si\u0119, \u017ce jedyn\u0105 odpowiedzi\u0105 na wzajemne wyzwania jest konflikt i starcie. Przyk\u0142ady Franciszka i Su\u0142tana przedstawiaj\u0105 inn\u0105 opcj\u0119. Nie mo\u017cna d\u0142u\u017cej upiera\u0107 si\u0119, \u017ce dialog z muzu\u0142manami jest niemo\u017cliwy\". <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ze swej strony, odk\u0105d zobaczy\u0142em ten fresk Giotta i opowiedzia\u0142em anegdot\u0119 o pr\u00f3bie ognia, lepiej zrozumia\u0142em u\u015bmiechy, ducha s\u0142u\u017cby oraz bardzo \u017cyczliwe i otwarte maniery franciszkan\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rych spotka\u0142em w Miejscach \u015awi\u0119tych. Obecno\u015b\u0107 franciszkan\u00f3w na Bliskim Wschodzie mia\u0142a genialny debiut w postaci dialogu i dzi\u0119ki temu duchowi mogli tam pozosta\u0107 przez tyle wiek\u00f3w, wierni poleceniom papie\u017cy, szcz\u0119\u015bliwi s\u0142udzy Chrystusa. Niech B\u00f3g nadal obdarza ich pokojem i dobrem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tierra Santa. Lugar Santo custodiado por los frailes franciscanos. Yo los vi cuando hice mi peregrinaci\u00f3n a esos parajes en el a\u00f1o 2016, un a\u00f1o antes de que se cumpliera el 800 aniversario de la llegada de los franciscanos a la zona. Estaban siempre con una sonrisa de disponibilidad, atend\u00edan a todos con humildad y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":25107,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[549,548],"tags":[953,8],"class_list":["post-25106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evangelizacion","category-foco","tag-san-francisco-de-asis","tag-santos"],"yoast_head":"\nSan Francisco de As\u00eds, un santo perenne - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hoy, 4 de octubre, se celebra la fiesta de san Francisco de As\u00eds, el fundador de los franciscanos, y al que tiene gran devoci\u00f3n el Papa.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/focus\/san-francisco-de-asis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"San Francisco de As\u00eds, un santo perenne - 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