{"id":28155,"date":"2023-01-28T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-28T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=28155"},"modified":"2023-05-19T09:34:48","modified_gmt":"2023-05-19T08:34:48","slug":"aborcja-jurisprudence-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/actualidad\/aborto-jurisprudencia-eeuu\/","title":{"rendered":"Aborcja i orzecznictwo w USA"},"content":{"rendered":"

W dzie\u0144<\/a> Na temat ochrony prawnej praw podstawowych, zorganizowanej przez Sekcj\u0119 Prawa Kanonicznego Izby Adwokackiej w Madrycie, prof. Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Rubio m\u00f3wi\u0142 o prawie do \u017cycia w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Jego wyk\u0142ad nosi\u0142 tytu\u0142 \"Prawo do \u017cycia nienarodzonych w doktrynie orzeczniczej S\u0105du Najwy\u017cszego Ameryki P\u00f3\u0142nocnej: od Roe do Dobbsa<\/em> (1973-2022)\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wyk\u0142ad prof. Rubio rozpocz\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 od cytatu z Benedykt XVI<\/a>To w\u0142a\u015bnie w Europie po raz pierwszy sformu\u0142owano poj\u0119cie praw cz\u0142owieka. Podstawowym prawem cz\u0142owieka, podstaw\u0105 wszystkich innych praw, jest samo prawo do \u017cycia. Dotyczy to \u017cycia od momentu pocz\u0119cia do naturalnej \u015bmierci. W zwi\u0105zku z tym aborcja nie mo\u017ce by\u0107 prawem cz\u0142owieka, jest jego dok\u0142adnym przeciwie\u0144stwem, jest g\u0142\u0119bok\u0105 ran\u0105 spo\u0142eczn\u0105\" (Benedykt XVI, Przem\u00f3wienie do korpusu dyplomatycznego w Wiedniu<\/a>(7 wrze\u015bnia 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u0142a\u015bnie to pierwotne i \u015bwi\u0119te prawo do \u017cycia zosta\u0142o zanegowane przez ameryka\u0144skie s\u0105dy 22 stycznia 1973 roku w sprawie Roe v. Wade. Musia\u0142o up\u0142yn\u0105\u0107 pi\u0119\u0107 dekad, aby ten wyrok zosta\u0142 obalony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Przes\u0142anki z Dobbs v. Jackson<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po d\u0142ugiej drodze, S\u0105d Najwy\u017cszy USA obali\u0142 Roe v. Wade w 2022 roku w nowej decyzji, Dobbs v. Jackson. W tym orzeczeniu ustalono kilka przes\u0142anek, jak wyja\u015bni\u0142 prof. Rubio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nale\u017c\u0105 do nich, po pierwsze, \u017ce aborcja nie jest prawem federalnym. Na stronie aborcja<\/a> jako prawo nie ma podstaw w Konstytucji, historii i tradycji narodu. W rzeczywisto\u015bci, w ca\u0142ej ameryka\u0144skiej historii aborcja by\u0142a, na pewnych etapach, uwa\u017cana za przest\u0119pstwo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rzekome prawo do aborcji nie mo\u017ce mie\u0107 te\u017c oparcia w poprawkach, kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142y wprowadzone do Konstytucji - t\u0142umaczyli s\u0119dziowie w sprawie Dobbs v. Jackson. Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Rubio zwraca uwag\u0119, \u017ce wszystko to pokazuje, i\u017c aborcja sta\u0142a si\u0119 \"wolno\u015bci\u0105 zadekretowan\u0105 przez S\u0105d Najwy\u017cszy, jakby by\u0142 cia\u0142em ustawodawczym\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolejn\u0105 ze wskazywanych przes\u0142anek by\u0142o poszanowanie suwerenno\u015bci pa\u0144stwowej. Po wyja\u015bnieniu czternastej poprawki do Konstytucji USA, zwi\u0105zanej z ochron\u0105 \u017cycia, prof. Rubio zwr\u00f3ci\u0142 uwag\u0119, \u017ce wed\u0142ug niekt\u00f3rych autor\u00f3w aborcja jest niekonstytucyjna tak\u017ce dlatego, \u017ce jest sprzeczna z t\u0105 poprawk\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z drugiej strony sprawozdawca zwr\u00f3ci\u0142 uwag\u0119, \u017ce wyrok w sprawie Dobbs v. Jackon milczy na temat innych mo\u017cliwych praw. Wbrew temu, co pr\u00f3bowa\u0142y zdementowa\u0107 niekt\u00f3re g\u0142osy. Dlatego ta decyzja S\u0105du Najwy\u017cszego nie ma wp\u0142ywu na antykoncepcj\u0119, wolno\u015b\u0107 w stosunkach seksualnych czy zwi\u0105zki os\u00f3b tej samej p\u0142ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stany Zjednoczone po Dobbs<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Rubio wymieni\u0142 kilka mo\u017cliwych scenariuszy, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 wyst\u0105pi\u0107 w Stanach Zjednoczonych po orzeczeniu Dobbs v. Jackson. Ka\u017cdy stan b\u0119dzie stanowi\u0142 w tej sprawie prawo wed\u0142ug w\u0142asnego uznania i, respektuj\u0105c orzecznictwo, mog\u0105 si\u0119 zdarzy\u0107 trzy r\u00f3\u017cne rzeczy: aborcja mo\u017ce by\u0107 ca\u0142kowicie zakazana w danym stanie; mo\u017ce by\u0107 na razie dozwolona, bior\u0105c pod uwag\u0119, \u017ce ustawy dotycz\u0105ce zmian s\u0105 zablokowane w cia\u0142ach ustawodawczych; lub aborcja mo\u017ce by\u0107 ca\u0142kowicie legalna, lub legalna z ograniczeniami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profesor Rubio szybko wyja\u015bni\u0142 obecn\u0105 sytuacj\u0119 w Stanach Zjednoczonych, podaj\u0105c dane dotycz\u0105ce aktualnych przepis\u00f3w. Wyja\u015bni\u0142, \u017ce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Aborcja jest legalna na podstawie \u017cywotno\u015bci dziecka w 15 stanach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Aborcja jest legalna do 24 tygodnia w 4 stanach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Do 22 tygodni w 7 stanach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Do 20 tygodnia w 1 stanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-W Utah jest to legalne do 18 tygodnia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Aborcja jest dozwolona do 15 tygodnia w 2 stanach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Jest dozwolony do 6 tygodnia w Georgii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Aborcja jest legalna bez limitu ci\u0105\u017cowego w 5 stanach i stolicy, Waszyngtonie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Aborcja jest nielegalna w 13 stanach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Powa\u017cna niesprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na zako\u0144czenie prezentacji Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Rubio wyja\u015bni\u0142 kilka powod\u00f3w, dla kt\u00f3rych uwa\u017ca aborcj\u0119 za wielk\u0105 niesprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107, wspominaj\u0105c po pierwsze, \u017ce to (b\u0142\u0119dnie nazwane) prawo w rzeczywisto\u015bci \"pozbawia nienarodzonych prawa do \u017cycia\". Ponadto \"godzi w integralno\u015b\u0107 fizyczn\u0105 i psychiczn\u0105 oraz zdrowie matki, nawet je\u015bli akt jest konsensualny\". Z drugiej strony niesprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107 jest pope\u0142niana wobec ca\u0142ej spo\u0142eczno\u015bci, poniewa\u017c pozbawia j\u0105 dobra i \"wstrzykuje spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwu dawk\u0119 przemocy\". I wreszcie aborcja jest ci\u0119\u017ck\u0105 niesprawiedliwo\u015bci\u0105, bo \"narusza prawo Bo\u017ce\".<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En una jornada sobre la tutela jur\u00eddica de los derechos fundamentales organizada por la Secci\u00f3n de Derecho Can\u00f3nico del Ilustre Colegio de Abogados de Madrid, el profesor Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Rubio habl\u00f3 sobre el derecho a la vida en Estados Unidos. Su ponencia se titul\u00f3 \u201cEl derecho a la vida del no nacido en la doctrina […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1436,"featured_media":28157,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,1221,46],"tags":[612,795],"class_list":["post-28155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-estados-unidos","category-mundo","tag-aborto","tag-estados-unidos"],"yoast_head":"\nAborto y jurisprudencia en Estados unidos - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En una jornada del ICAM sobre derechos fundamentales, el profesor Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Rubio habl\u00f3 sobre el derecho a la vida en Estados Unidos\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/aktualnosci\/aborcja-jurisprudence-us\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Aborto y jurisprudencia en Estados unidos - 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