{"id":28360,"date":"2023-02-03T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-03T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=28360"},"modified":"2023-02-02T12:44:43","modified_gmt":"2023-02-02T11:44:43","slug":"piekna-roga-scruton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/actualidad\/la-belleza-roger-scruton\/","title":{"rendered":"\"Pi\u0119kno\", esej autorstwa Rogera Scrutona"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kiedy sko\u0144czy\u0142em czyta\u0107 esej o \"Pi\u0119kno<\/em>\"Roger Scruton, przypomnia\u0142em sobie zdarzenie, kt\u00f3rego by\u0142em \u015bwiadkiem na zaj\u0119ciach z teorii sztuki, a kt\u00f3re do\u015b\u0107 dobrze reprezentuje jeden z podstawowych problem\u00f3w mojego pokolenia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profesor prezentowa\u0142 sztuk\u0119 klasyczn\u0105 za pomoc\u0105 obraz\u00f3w i moderowa\u0142 dyskusj\u0119 na temat jej oceny. Nagle student, kt\u00f3ry najwyra\u017aniej nabra\u0142 pewno\u015bci siebie, podni\u00f3s\u0142 r\u0119k\u0119 i zapyta\u0142: \"Ale sk\u0105d pan, profesorze, wie, co jest pi\u0119kne, a co nie?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pytanie tego ucznia mo\u017cna by poszerzy\u0107: Czy wszystkie opinie estetyczne maj\u0105 tak\u0105 sam\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107, czy te\u017c mo\u017cemy powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce s\u0105 takie, kt\u00f3re nie maj\u0105? najlepszy<\/em> ni\u017c inni, czy rozs\u0105dne jest stwierdzenie, \u017ce czyj\u015b gust mo\u017ce by\u0107 najlepszy<\/em> Czy pi\u0119kno jest warto\u015bci\u0105 czysto subiektywn\u0105, czym\u015b w rodzaju kapry\u015bnej i indywidualnej przyjemno\u015bci, czy te\u017c raczej rzeczywisto\u015bci\u0105 obecn\u0105 w rzeczach i konieczno\u015bci\u0105 ludzkiej duszy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pytanie jest pal\u0105ce, gdy\u017c wielu artyst\u00f3w uleg\u0142o dezorientacji i relatywizuje warto\u015b\u0107 pi\u0119kna w sztuce. Rzeczywi\u015bcie, wielu postanowi\u0142o zast\u0105pi\u0107 pi\u0119kno niesmacznym \u017cartem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednym z pionier\u00f3w tej mody by\u0142 Marcel Duchamp, kt\u00f3ry z niezwyk\u0142ym powodzeniem wystawi\u0142 w Nowym Jorku swoje przedmiot znaleziony <\/em>zatytu\u0142owany \"La Fontaine\" (1917), <\/em>tj. porcelanowy pisuar. \u017bart, kt\u00f3ry wtedy by\u0142 zabawny, jak s\u0105dz\u0119, ale od tego czasu przerodzi\u0142 si\u0119 w inne powtarzalne, nieprzyjemne i bezwstydnie brzydkie gesty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zatrzymajmy si\u0119 na chwil\u0119, aby dokona\u0107 wprowadzenia. Sir Roger Scruton (Wielka Brytania, 1944-2020) <\/a>to nazwa, kt\u00f3r\u0105 mo\u017cemy wymawia\u0107 tylko z nostalgi\u0105. F<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e by\u0142 filozofem, kt\u00f3ry po\u015bwi\u0119ci\u0142 si\u0119 \"zadawaniu pyta\u0144\"; konserwatysta, specjalista w dziedzinie estetyki i filozofii politycznej, autor ponad pi\u0119\u0107dziesi\u0119ciu ksi\u0105\u017cek i sta\u0142y wsp\u00f3\u0142pracownik gazet i czasopism, takich jak The Times<\/em>, Widz<\/em> y The New Statesman<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sympatyczny cz\u0142owiek, bohater kultury, kt\u00f3rego polecam odwiedzi\u0107 na Youtube<\/em> by podziwia\u0107, co to znaczy by\u0107 gentleman<\/em> Angielski.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby zorientowa\u0107 si\u0119 w jego stylu i wp\u0142ywach, przydatny jest obraz wybrany przez Enrique Garc\u00ed\u0119 M\u00e1iqueza do jego opisu: \"Jego posta\u0107 zyska\u0142a profile quixotic. Zmierzy\u0142 si\u0119 z wiatrakami nihilizmu i wykaza\u0142, \u017ce nie by\u0142y to fantasmagorie, lecz pot\u0119\u017cne systemy my\u015blowe, maj\u0105ce wsp\u00f3\u0142udzia\u0142 w subiektywnych wygodach i wsp\u00f3lnym lenistwie, kt\u00f3re potrafi\u0142y zmieli\u0107, jakby przypadkiem, warto\u015bci Zachodu\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O \"Pi\u0119kno\u015bci<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u0105 z warto\u015bci Zachodu, kt\u00f3rej Scruton postanowi\u0142 broni\u0107 i zrobi\u0142 to najlepiej, by\u0142o pi\u0119kno. Po\u015bwi\u0119ci\u0142 temu tematowi kilka pism oraz istotny dokument, kt\u00f3ry zrealizowa\u0142 z BBC (Dlaczego pi\u0119kno ma znaczenie<\/em>2009); w\u015br\u00f3d tego wszystkiego esej Beauty<\/em> (2011), przet\u0142umaczony na j\u0119zyk hiszpa\u0144ski jako Pi\u0119kno<\/em> (Elba, Barcelona, 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"pi\u0119kno\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ksi\u0105\u017cka jest, sama w sobie, pi\u0119kna. S\u0105 to kr\u00f3tkie rozdzia\u0142y, bardzo dobrze powi\u0105zane ze sob\u0105 i napisane w przyjemnym, pouczaj\u0105cym i wyrafinowanym stylu, kt\u00f3ry zdaje si\u0119 zaprasza\u0107 czytelnika do wa\u017cnej, pogodnej i wzbogacaj\u0105cej rozmowy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tre\u015b\u0107 jest genialna, a jakie s\u0105 jej og\u00f3lne zarysy? Oto one: Pi\u0119kno to nie tylko subiektywne do\u015bwiadczenie, ale tak\u017ce konieczno\u015b\u0107 wpisana w nasz\u0105 ludzk\u0105 natur\u0119. Tu jest tkanina, wi\u0119c uj\u0105\u0142em to w inny spos\u00f3b: Pi\u0119kno jest \u015bcie\u017ck\u0105, kt\u00f3ra wyprowadza nas z duchowej pustyni i prowadzi do domu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak pisze autor we wst\u0119pie ksi\u0105\u017cki: \"Twierdz\u0119, \u017ce pi\u0119kno jest warto\u015bci\u0105 realn\u0105 i uniwersaln\u0105, zakorzenion\u0105 w naszej racjonalnej naturze, a poczucie pi\u0119kna odgrywa niezast\u0105pion\u0105 rol\u0119 w kszta\u0142towaniu ludzkiego \u015bwiata\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u015bli pi\u0119kno jest obiektywne, to krytyka literacka i nauki humanistyczne maj\u0105 sens. Potwierdzenie tego jest pot\u0119\u017cnym i pilnym zak\u0142adem, w kt\u00f3rym uczestnicz\u0105 filozofowie rangi Platona, hrabiego Shaftesbury, Kanta itd., z kt\u00f3rych ka\u017cdy wnosi niuanse i r\u00f3\u017cnice, ale wszyscy zgadzaj\u0105 si\u0119, \u017ce pi\u0119kno jest obiektywn\u0105 i konieczn\u0105 warto\u015bci\u0105 dla naszego istnienia. To, \u017ce o tym zapomnieli\u015bmy, jest co najmniej krytyczne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pi\u0119kno opisywane jest jako podstawowy zas\u00f3b pozwalaj\u0105cy odkupi\u0107 nasze cierpienie, przed\u0142u\u017cy\u0107 nasz\u0105 rado\u015b\u0107 i \u017cy\u0107 bardziej zgodnie z nasz\u0105 godno\u015bci\u0105; nie jest to subiektywny kaprys, ale uniwersalna ludzka potrzeba. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podczas gdy my (\u017ale) \u017cyjemy tylko dla tego, co u\u017cyteczne i przyjemne, Scruton przypomina nam, \u017ce pi\u0119kno istnieje, otacza nas i czeka na nas. R\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy przyj\u0119ciem pi\u0119kna a od\u0142o\u017ceniem go na p\u00f3\u017aniej jest radykalna: mo\u017cemy nadal \u017cy\u0107 we wrogim \u015bwiecie, albo d\u0105\u017cy\u0107 do powrotu do domu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak wida\u0107, sprawa jest powa\u017cna.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cuando termin\u00e9 de leer el ensayo sobre \u201cLa belleza\u201d, de Roger Scruton, record\u00e9 un incidente que presenci\u00e9 en clase de Teor\u00eda del Arte y que representa bastante bien uno de los problemas fundamentales de mi generaci\u00f3n. El profesor estaba presentando el arte cl\u00e1sico con im\u00e1genes e iba moderando la discusi\u00f3n sobre su valoraci\u00f3n. De pronto, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1030,"featured_media":28362,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura","category-libros"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cLa belleza\u201d, un ensayo de Roger Scruton - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Muchos artistas se han desorientado y relativizan el valor de la belleza en el arte. 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