{"id":30129,"date":"2023-04-25T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=30129"},"modified":"2025-11-07T11:54:01","modified_gmt":"2025-11-07T09:54:01","slug":"aldo-leopold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/actualidad\/cultura\/aldo-leopold\/","title":{"rendered":"My\u015blenie jak g\u00f3ra Dlaczego warto dzi\u015b czyta\u0107 Aldo Leopolda?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ksi\u0105\u017cka Rok w Sand County<\/em> <\/a>to najbardziej emblematyczne dzie\u0142o Aldo Leopolda (1887-1948), opublikowane pierwotnie w 1949 roku. Zbiera ona jego poetyckie i filozoficzne impresje, owoc obserwacji ka\u017cdego wydarzenia przyrodniczego oraz g\u0142\u0119boko kontemplacyjnego i refleksyjnego \u017cycia, skupionego na relacji mi\u0119dzy istotami ludzkimi a spo\u0142eczno\u015bci\u0105, kt\u00f3r\u0105 zamieszkuj\u0105. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dzie\u0142o zrodzone z pasji<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dlaczego warto dzi\u015b czyta\u0107 Aldo Leopolda? W czasach, gdy zadajemy sobie pytanie o skutki naszych dzia\u0142a\u0144 dla \u015brodowiska i konfrontujemy si\u0119 z odpowiedziami, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 zagmatwane, pesymistyczne, a czasem oderwane od naszej natury, Aldo Leopold daje nam wskaz\u00f3wk\u0119. Anga\u017cuj\u0105c nas w swoj\u0105 wielk\u0105 pasj\u0119 - outdoors - pomaga nam znale\u017a\u0107 odpowiedzi w relacji, a nie w konfrontacji. Je\u015bli jeste\u015bmy cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 ca\u0142o\u015bci, odpowied\u017a na pytanie o zr\u00f3wnowa\u017cony rozw\u00f3j jest etyk\u0105, a nie taktyk\u0105. A pochodzi ona z \u017cycia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refleksje Leopolda zawsze rodz\u0105 si\u0119 z jego \u017cycia. Pierwsza cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 ksi\u0105\u017cki, zatytu\u0142owana. Rok w Sand County<\/em>napisana jest w formie pami\u0119tnika i po mistrzowsku opowiada o codziennym \u017cyciu w \"...\".sza\u0142as<\/em>\" (\"the shack\"), znajoma nazwa ziemi w Wisconsin, kt\u00f3r\u0105 Leopold kupi\u0142 w 1930 roku, a kt\u00f3r\u0105 wykorzystywa\u0142 jako wakacyjne i weekendowe schronienie. Ta pierwsza cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 jest wielkiej urody. Ka\u017cdy pretekst - \u015blady skunksa na \u015bniegu, k\u0142oda p\u0142on\u0105ca w kominku, zaloty ptak\u00f3w w kwietniu, \u015bci\u0119cie stuletniego d\u0119bu zabitego przez piorun - uruchamia drobiazgowe narracje, w kt\u00f3rych bohaterami s\u0105 zwierz\u0119ta, drzewa, gwiazdy; a my stajemy si\u0119 uprzywilejowanymi obserwatorami opowie\u015bci, kt\u00f3ra porywa jak epicka narracja. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opisom towarzysz\u0105 posypane ironi\u0105, bez wyra\u017anej kolejno\u015bci, refleksje na temat relacji mi\u0119dzy lud\u017ami a ziemi\u0105, poj\u0119cia ochrony przyrody, tego, co sztuczne i tego, co dzikie: \"B\u00f3g nam j\u0105 daje i B\u00f3g j\u0105 zabiera, ale to nie wszystko, co robi. Kiedy jaki\u015b nasz daleki przodek wynalaz\u0142 szpadel, sta\u0142 si\u0119 oferentem: m\u00f3g\u0142 zasadzi\u0107 drzewo. A kiedy wynalaz\u0142 siekier\u0119, sta\u0142 si\u0119 odejmuj\u0105cym: m\u00f3g\u0142 je \u015bci\u0105\u0107.\"<\/em> (p. 134). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017bycie po\u015bwi\u0119cone dzikim zwierz\u0119tom<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aldo Leopold jest uwa\u017cany za jednego z najbardziej wp\u0142ywowych my\u015blicieli w przebudzeniu konserwatyzmu i ekologizmu w Stanach Zjednoczonych, zar\u00f3wno w \u015bwiecie akademickim i intelektualnym, jak i w\u015br\u00f3d aktywist\u00f3w, oraz za precedens w obronie zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conego rozwoju. W Hiszpanii jest jednak wci\u0105\u017c postaci\u0105 ma\u0142o znan\u0105. Wydawnictwo Ksi\u0105\u017cki \"Za\u0107ma<\/em> opublikowa\u0142 w 2017 roku ksi\u0105\u017ck\u0119 pt. Etyka ziemi,<\/em> w kt\u00f3rym zebrano niekt\u00f3re eseje opublikowane w Rok w Sand County<\/em>z ciekawym wst\u0119pem Jorge Riechmanna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W 1930 roku Leopold naby\u0142 opuszczon\u0105 farm\u0119, kt\u00f3ra sta\u0142a si\u0119 inspiracj\u0105 dla jego ksi\u0105\u017cki. Ziemia ta, znana jako \"Sand County\", by\u0142a przedmiotem jego bada\u0144. By\u0142 to obszar na brzegu rzeki Wisconsin zniszczony przez po\u017cary, masowy wyr\u0105b i nadmiern\u0105 upraw\u0119, co doprowadzi\u0142o do powstania piaszczystych meandr\u00f3w, gdzie Leopold i jego rodzina sadzili d\u0119by i sosny, aby przywr\u00f3ci\u0107 pierwotny krajobraz. To w\u0142a\u015bnie na tej ziemi zmar\u0142 na atak serca w wieku 61 lat, gdy pomaga\u0142 gasi\u0107 po\u017car na s\u0105siedniej farmie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z tytu\u0142em Notatki st\u0105d i stamt\u0105d<\/em>Druga cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 zawiera sze\u015b\u0107 esej\u00f3w odpowiadaj\u0105cych miejscom, w kt\u00f3rych Leopold mieszka\u0142 lub do kt\u00f3rych podr\u00f3\u017cowa\u0142. Ze wszystkich tych podr\u00f3\u017cy wy\u0142aniaj\u0105 si\u0119 refleksje na temat \u017cycia, kt\u00f3re nauczy\u0142o go \"stopniowo, a czasem bole\u015bnie, \u017ce dzia\u0142ania zbiorowe s\u0105 nieuporz\u0105dkowane\".<\/em> (p. 14).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u015br\u00f3d tych epizod\u00f3w wyr\u00f3\u017cnia si\u0119 ten o My\u015blenie jak g\u00f3ra<\/em>gdzie opisuje, jak wyt\u0119pienie wilk\u00f3w ostatecznie zniszczy\u0142o ro\u015blinno\u015b\u0107 w g\u00f3rach: \"Patrzy\u0142em w twarz niejednej g\u00f3ry, w kt\u00f3rej w\u0142a\u015bnie zabrak\u0142o wilk\u00f3w, i widzia\u0142em, jak po\u0142udniowe zbocza gniot\u0105 si\u0119 jak labirynt nowych jelenich trop\u00f3w. Widzia\u0142em, jak wszystkie jadalne krzewy i drzewka s\u0105 wyrywane, najpierw do anemicznego zaniedbania, a potem do \u015bmierci. (...) Podejrzewam teraz, \u017ce tak jak stado jeleni \u017cyje w strachu przed wilkami, tak i g\u00f3ra \u017cyje w strachu przed jeleniami.\"<\/em> (p. 226).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wsp\u00f3lnota i mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

W trzeciej cz\u0119\u015bci znajduje si\u0119 jego s\u0142ynny esej Etyka grunt\u00f3w<\/em> co mo\u017cna uzna\u0107 za jego wielk\u0105 spu\u015bcizn\u0119 intelektualn\u0105. M\u00f3wi\u0107 o etyce ziemi to m\u00f3wi\u0107 o etyce, kt\u00f3ra rozszerza granice gminy o gleby, wody, ro\u015bliny i zwierz\u0119ta, czyli o ziemi\u0119<\/em> (p. 334).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0119 now\u0105 etyk\u0119 podsumowuje najs\u0142ynniejsza maksyma Leopolda: \"Co\u015b jest s\u0142uszne, gdy ma tendencj\u0119 do zachowania integralno\u015bci, stabilno\u015bci i pi\u0119kna wsp\u00f3lnoty biotycznej. Jest z\u0142e, gdy ma tendencj\u0119 do czego\u015b przeciwnego\".<\/em> (p. 360). W tym miejscu etyka i estetyka stykaj\u0105 si\u0119. Tak jak w etyce klasycznej dobro zwi\u0105zane jest z tym, czym s\u0105 rzeczy, tak pi\u0119kno ma zwi\u0105zek z tym, jak postrzegamy rzeczy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wreszcie Leopold w\u0142\u0105cza element, kt\u00f3ry w spos\u00f3b godny podziwu zamyka kr\u0105g jego rozumowania: mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107. \"Dla mnie jest nie do pomy\u015blenia, aby etyczny zwi\u0105zek z ziemi\u0105 m\u00f3g\u0142 istnie\u0107 bez mi\u0142o\u015bci, szacunku i podziwu dla niej oraz wysokiego szacunku dla jej warto\u015bci\".<\/em>. Osiem lat po encyklice Laudato si<\/em> Czytanie Aldo Leopolda to \u015bwietny spos\u00f3b, by wej\u015b\u0107 g\u0142\u0119biej w trosk\u0119 o nasz wsp\u00f3lny dom, o co prosi\u0142 nas papie\u017c Franciszek. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El libro Un a\u00f1o en Sand County es la obra m\u00e1s emblem\u00e1tica de Aldo Leopold (1887-1948), publicada originalmente en 1949. En ella re\u00fane sus impresiones -entre po\u00e9ticas y filos\u00f3ficas-, fruto de su observaci\u00f3n de cada acontecimiento natural y de una vida profundamente contemplativa, reflexiva y volcada en la relaci\u00f3n del ser humano con la comunidad […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":825,"featured_media":30130,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39],"tags":[610,1201,1110],"class_list":["post-30129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura","tag-ecologia","tag-medio-ambiente","tag-naturaleza"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 leer hoy a Aldo Leopold? - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El pensamiento de Aldo Leopold, cl\u00e1sico del ecologismo contempor\u00e1neo, alimenta la apremiante reflexi\u00f3n sobre el cuidado de la tierra.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/aktualnosci\/kultura\/aldo-leopold\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 leer hoy a Aldo Leopold? 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