{"id":31737,"date":"2023-06-10T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-10T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=31737"},"modified":"2023-06-12T10:20:58","modified_gmt":"2023-06-12T09:20:58","slug":"cmentarz-krzyzacko-watykanski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/actualidad\/cementerio-teutonico-del-vaticano\/","title":{"rendered":"Cmentarz krzy\u017cacki w Watykanie: rzymski cyrk, Karol Wielki i \"linia ucieczki\", kt\u00f3ra uratowa\u0142a tysi\u0105ce \u017byd\u00f3w"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pomimo niewielkich rozmiar\u00f3w (mniej ni\u017c 300 metr\u00f3w kwadratowych \u0142\u0105cznie z ko\u015bcio\u0142em) ma d\u0142ug\u0105 histori\u0119 i sta\u0142 si\u0119 instytucj\u0105 si\u0119gaj\u0105c\u0105 pocz\u0105tk\u00f3w chrze\u015bcija\u0144stwa, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci za czas\u00f3w Karola Wielkiego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Instytucja sta\u0142a si\u0119 siedzib\u0105 tajnej organizacji, kt\u00f3ra chroni\u0142a i ukrywa\u0142a \u017byd\u00f3w i innych prze\u015bladowanych ludzi podczas okupacji hitlerowskiej, jak wspomina film \"The Scarlet and The Black\" z 1983 roku z Gregorym Peckiem\", wyja\u015bnia Omnes, ksi\u0105dz i historyk Johannes Grohe, wicedyrektor Instytutu Goerres i cz\u0142onek \"Arciconfraternita<\/em> na stronie Campo Santo Teutonico\".<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Irlandzki ksi\u0105dz Hugh O'Flaherty (1889-1963) ze S\u0142u\u017cby Dyplomatycznej Stolicy Apostolskiej, kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142 swoj\u0105 rezydencj\u0119 w strukturach cmentarza, pozwoli\u0142 na uratowanie oko\u0142o 6 500 prze\u015bladowanych ludzi i \u017byd\u00f3w, daj\u0105c im schronienie w Watykanie i jego rezydencjach, podobnie jak 12 000, kt\u00f3re Pius XII ukry\u0142 w Castel Gandolfo\", wyja\u015bnia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dzi\u0119ki tak zwanej \"linii ucieczki\", kt\u00f3ra mia\u0142a wsparcie brytyjskiego ambasadora Francisa D'Arcy\", kontynuuje Johannes Grohe. Osborne<\/em>W\u0142oska ksi\u0119\u017cniczka Elvina Pallavicini, kt\u00f3ra schroni\u0142a si\u0119 w dawnej rezydencji Santa Marta, oraz w\u0142oska ksi\u0119\u017cniczka Elvina Pallavicini, kt\u00f3ra schroni\u0142a si\u0119 w strukturach cmentarza, by\u0142y w stanie uzyska\u0107 fa\u0142szywe dokumenty, kt\u00f3re pozwoli\u0142y osobom zagro\u017conym \u017cyciem opu\u015bci\u0107 kraj, omijaj\u0105c w ten spos\u00f3b kontrole gestapo. W mi\u0119dzyczasie nazistowski hierarcha i zbrodniarz wojenny Herbert Kappler nigdy nie zdo\u0142a\u0142 z\u0142apa\u0107 O'Flaherty'ego, chocia\u017c 5 jego wsp\u00f3\u0142pracownik\u00f3w zosta\u0142o rozstrzelanych w Grobach Ardeaty\u0144skich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pan Johannes Grohe, kt\u00f3ry jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c profesorem na Uniwersytecie im. Pontificia Universit\u00e0 de la Santa Croce <\/a>wspomina, \u017ce Hugh O'Flaherty by\u0142 nazywany \"Szkar\u0142atnym Pimpernelem Watykanu\" (st\u0105d tytu\u0142 ksi\u0105\u017cki J.P. Gallaghera z 1967 r., kt\u00f3ra zainspirowa\u0142a wspomniany film) i \u017ce aby pokaza\u0107 ruchowi oporu, \u017ce zawsze tam jest, modli\u0142 si\u0119, spaceruj\u0105c po terenie przed Bazylik\u0105 \u015bw. \u015awi\u0119te Oficjum<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Camposanto dei Teutonici e dei Fiamminghi\" w j\u0119zyku niemieckim: \"Friedhof der Deutschen und der Flamen\", a jego struktury znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 w miejscu rzymskiego cyrku, w kt\u00f3rym aposto\u0142 Piotr zosta\u0142 zam\u0119czony, dzi\u015b mi\u0119dzy Aul\u0105 Paw\u0142a VI - gdzie odbywaj\u0105 si\u0119 audiencje - a Bazylik\u0105 \u015awi\u0119tego Piotra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gdy Circum Neronianum<\/em> Po tym, jak nekropolia popad\u0142a w ruin\u0119, wielu chrze\u015bcijan chcia\u0142o zosta\u0107 pochowanych w pobli\u017cu grobu \u015bwi\u0119tego aposto\u0142a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cmentarz krzy\u017cacki jest po raz pierwszy wspomniany w dokumentach w 799 roku i wydaje si\u0119, \u017ce zosta\u0142 za\u0142o\u017cony przez samego Karola Wielkiego lub zwi\u0105zany z jego postaci\u0105 dzi\u0119ki za\u0142o\u017ceniu \"Schola Francorum\", z pewno\u015bci\u0105 najstarszej germa\u0144skiej instytucji w Rzymie, kt\u00f3ra do\u0142\u0105czy\u0142a do innych nordyckich instytucji: Longobard\u00f3w, Fryz\u00f3w i Sas\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rych ta ostatnia ma obecny ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 \"Santo Spirito in Sassia\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W rzeczywisto\u015bci, w okresie koronacji Karola Wielkiego, cesarza \u015awi\u0119tego Cesarstwa Rzymskiego Niemiec, pielgrzymi przybywali do Rzymu ze wszystkich zak\u0105tk\u00f3w imperium i konieczne by\u0142o udzielenie im go\u015bciny oraz posiadanie cmentarza, aby zapewni\u0107 godny poch\u00f3wek tym, kt\u00f3rzy zmarli w Wiecznym Mie\u015bcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak wi\u0119c ju\u017c w XIII wieku wczesno\u015bredniowieczna Schola Francorum, prowadzona przez duchowie\u0144stwo, obejmowa\u0142a dwa ko\u015bcio\u0142y, hospicjum dla pielgrzym\u00f3w i ubogich, a tak\u017ce cmentarz. Jeden z tych ko\u015bcio\u0142\u00f3w, s\u0105siedni \"Santa Maria della Piet\u00e0\", zarz\u0105dza cmentarzem i do dzi\u015b zasady poch\u00f3wku wymagaj\u0105, aby j\u0119zykiem ojczystym by\u0142 niemiecki i miejsce zamieszkania w Rzymie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odrestaurowany w 1454 r. niemieccy cz\u0142onkowie Kurii Rzymskiej przekazali fundusze na ca\u0142kowit\u0105 odbudow\u0119, w tym ko\u015bcio\u0142a. W 1597 r. utworzono \"Arciconfraternit\u00e0 di Nostra Signora\" z siedzib\u0105 obok cmentarza krzy\u017cackiego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za namow\u0105 rektora Antona de Waala od 1876 r. zbudowano rezydencj\u0119 dla ksi\u0119\u017cy studiuj\u0105cych histori\u0119 i archeologi\u0119 sakraln\u0105, a niekt\u00f3rzy z nich brali udzia\u0142 w wykopaliskach w Rzymie. W 1888 r. dodano Rzymski Instytut Towarzystwa Goerres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Johannes Grohe wyja\u015bnia: \"Instytut i rezydencja, obecnie \"Papieskie Kolegium\", posiadaj\u0105 bibliotek\u0119 z ponad 50.000 ksi\u0105\u017cek, kt\u00f3ra zawiera r\u00f3wnie\u017c \"Bibliotek\u0119 Ratzingera\/Benedetta XVI, z jego dzie\u0142ami, w wydaniach w wielu j\u0119zykach, oraz na temat jego teologii\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ponadto \"kardyna\u0142 Ratzinger, kt\u00f3ry by\u0142 cz\u0142onkiem Arcybractwa i Stowarzyszenia Goerres, mieszka\u0142 w Collegio przez pewien czas, zanim przeni\u00f3s\u0142 si\u0119 na Piazza Leonina i zosta\u0142 wybrany na papie\u017ca, i mia\u0142 zwyczaj odprawiania Mszy \u015bw. w ka\u017cdy czwartek w ko\u015bciele Campo Santo. W 2015 r. po raz ostatni odprawi\u0142 Msz\u0119 \u015bw. w tym ko\u015bciele ze swoim by\u0142ym studentem teologii, s\u0142ynnym \"Sch\u00fclerkreis\", by\u0142ym studentem teologii, Johannesem Grohe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konrad Bestle, a dyrektorem Instytutu Historycznego \"Istituto Goerres al Campo Santo Teutonico\" jest historyk i rektor \"Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Sacra\", bp Stefan Heid.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A pesar de su peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o (menos de 300 metros cuadrados incluida la Iglesia) tiene una larga historia y se convirti\u00f3 en una instituci\u00f3n que se remonta a los albores del cristianismo, en particular con Carlomagno. Pero tambi\u00e9n se entrelaza con la historia reciente, \u201cLa instituci\u00f3n se volvi\u00f3 sede de una organizaci\u00f3n clandestina que se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":31740,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura"],"yoast_head":"\nEl Cementerio Teut\u00f3nico del Vaticano<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El Cementerio Teut\u00f3nico, es un ins\u00f3lito camposanto que se encuentra en el interior de las murallas de la Ciudad-Estado del Vaticano.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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