{"id":32037,"date":"2023-07-03T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-03T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=32037"},"modified":"2025-11-28T14:15:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T12:15:20","slug":"felix-varela-and-theirish","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/foco\/felix-varela-y-los-irlandeses\/","title":{"rendered":"Felix Varela i Irlandczycy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pisz\u0105c jako nowojorczyk, imigranci odegrali kluczow\u0105 rol\u0119 w \u017cyciu Nowego Jorku i Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych w og\u00f3le od momentu powstania \"kraju wolnych ludzi\". Chocia\u017c narodowo\u015bci i j\u0119zyki imigrant\u00f3w zmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 z biegiem czasu, wyzwania zwi\u0105zane z \u017cyciem w nowym kraju i nowej kulturze pozostaj\u0105 niezwykle podobne. Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 katolicki zawsze stara\u0142 si\u0119 pomaga\u0107 nowo przyby\u0142ym sprosta\u0107 tym wyzwaniom, zar\u00f3wno pod wzgl\u0119dem materialnym, jak i duchowym.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ojciec Felix Varela (1788-1853) podczas swojego kap\u0142a\u0144stwa odpowiedzia\u0142 na wezwanie do s\u0142u\u017cby nowo przyby\u0142ym irlandzkim, w\u0142oskim i niemieckim imigrantom w Nowym Jorku. W regionie miasta, znanym w\u00f3wczas jako \"Five Points\", s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142 zw\u0142aszcza tysi\u0105com irlandzkich imigrant\u00f3w uciekaj\u0105cych przed bied\u0105, g\u0142odem i \u015bmierci\u0105 w swojej ojczy\u017anie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urodzony w Hawanie (Kuba), zosta\u0142 wy\u015bwi\u0119cony na kap\u0142ana w wieku dwudziestu trzech lat. By\u0142 wysoko ceniony za sw\u00f3j b\u0142yskotliwy umys\u0142 filozoficzny, zainteresowania kulturalne i rol\u0119 w sferze politycznej na Kubie i w Hiszpanii. W 1823 roku ojciec Varela reprezentowa\u0142 Kub\u0119 w hiszpa\u0144skich Kortezach. Podpisa\u0142 dokument krytyczny wobec hiszpa\u0144skiego kr\u00f3la Ferdynanda VII. Monarcha og\u0142osi\u0142 sze\u015b\u0107dziesi\u0119ciu sze\u015bciu sygnatariuszy dokumentu wrogami pa\u0144stwa. W rezultacie ojciec Varela uciek\u0142 z Hiszpanii w podr\u00f3\u017c, kt\u00f3ra zaprowadzi\u0142a go do Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych. On i jego dwaj towarzysze przybyli do portu w Nowym Jorku na pok\u0142adzie statku Draper 15 grudnia 1823 roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Przybycie do Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

W tym czasie w Nowym Jorku istnia\u0142y tylko dwie parafie: St. Peter's na Barclay Street i St. Patrick's Cathedral (obecnie St. Patrick's Cathedral). Stara katedra \u015bw. Patryka<\/a>). Ojciec John Power, wikariusz generalny diecezji, poprosi\u0142 ojca Varel\u0119 o pomoc w zorganizowaniu nowej spo\u0142eczno\u015bci imigrant\u00f3w. Dwa lata p\u00f3\u017aniej ojciec Varela zebra\u0142 19 000 dolar\u00f3w na zakup nieruchomo\u015bci Christ Church. W 1833 r. budynek ten nie nadawa\u0142 si\u0119 ju\u017c do u\u017cytku. Sk\u0142oni\u0142o to ojca Varel\u0119 do zakupu ziemi przy James Street w celu budowy nowego ko\u015bcio\u0142a pod wezwaniem \u015bw. Niekt\u00f3rzy parafianie skar\u017cyli si\u0119, \u017ce James Street znajduje si\u0119 zbyt daleko od ich starego ko\u015bcio\u0142a Christ Church. W odpowiedzi ojciec Varela kupi\u0142 stary ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 prezbiteria\u0144ski przy Chambers Street. Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 zosta\u0142 przemianowany na Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 Przemienienia Pa\u0144skiego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ostatecznie biskup Dubois mianowa\u0142 ojca Varel\u0119 wikariuszem generalnym, wraz z ojcem Johnem Powerem, do pe\u0142nienia tej wa\u017cnej funkcji. Jak zauwa\u017cono w Felix Varela: Nios\u0105cy pochodni\u0119 z Kuby<\/em>Joseph i Helen McCadden, \"ci dwaj m\u0142odzi ksi\u0119\u017ca mieli ze sob\u0105 wiele wsp\u00f3lnego. Obaj byli ca\u0142kowicie oddani swojemu powo\u0142aniu. Obaj byli uczonymi, dobrze wyszkolonymi w teologii. Ka\u017cdy z nich uciek\u0142 ze swojej ukochanej ojczyzny, padaj\u0105c ofiar\u0105 politycznej tyranii: Power by\u0142 pionierskim studentem w Maynooth, pierwszym katolickim seminarium w nowoczesnej Irlandii, tolerowanym przez Brytyjczyk\u00f3w, aby trzyma\u0107 miejscowe papistowskie duchowie\u0144stwo z dala od rewolucyjnego ska\u017cenia kontynentalnych uniwersytet\u00f3w\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poddanie si\u0119 ludziom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Praca domowa, osi\u0105gni\u0119cia akademickie i pisma ojca Vareli niewiele dla niego znaczy\u0142y w por\u00f3wnaniu z jego obowi\u0105zkami duszpasterskimi. By\u0142 ca\u0142kowicie oddany swojej pracy kap\u0142a\u0144skiej. Pracowa\u0142 zgodnie z mottem: salus animarum suprema lex<\/em>Zbawienie dusz jest najwy\u017cszym prawem\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ojciec Varela by\u0142 prawdziwym duszpasterzem dla wszystkich, kt\u00f3rym s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142, zw\u0142aszcza dla tysi\u0119cy irlandzkich imigrant\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy znale\u017ali w jego ko\u015bciele schronienie. Broni\u0142 ich przed \"natywistami\", kt\u00f3rzy sprzeciwiali si\u0119 imigrantom i \u017ale ich traktowali. M\u00f3wi\u0105c o swoim wsparciu dla irlandzkich uchod\u017ac\u00f3w, powiedzia\u0142 kiedy\u015b: \"Ci\u0119\u017cko pracuj\u0119, aby pom\u00f3c irlandzkim rodzinom budowa\u0107 szko\u0142y dla ich dzieci, opiekuj\u0119 si\u0119 chorymi na choler\u0119 i broni\u0119 irlandzkich ameryka\u0144skich ch\u0142opc\u00f3w i dziewcz\u0105t przed obelgami t\u0142um\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re nienawidz\u0105 ich tylko dlatego, \u017ce ich rodzice s\u0105 imigrantami\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zmiany w edukacji<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ojciec Varela walczy\u0142 o lepsze szkolnictwo dla dzieci imigrant\u00f3w. Aby uzupe\u0142ni\u0107 instrukcje szk\u00f3\u0142ki niedzielnej, wsp\u00f3\u0142pracowa\u0142 z czasopismem \"Children's Catholic\". Latem 1838 r. publikacja ta \"zwr\u00f3ci\u0142a uwag\u0119 na oszczerstwa przeciwko katolikom, a w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci irlandzkim katolikom, w tekstach i ksi\u0105\u017ckach bibliotecznych dostarczanych przez Nowojorskie Towarzystwo Szk\u00f3\u0142 Publicznych\". Ta rewelacja sprawi\u0142a, \u017ce administratorzy szk\u00f3\u0142 katolickich na pocz\u0105tku lat czterdziestych XIX wieku zacz\u0119li domaga\u0107 si\u0119 pomocy publicznej dla swoich plac\u00f3wek i doprowadzi\u0142a do s\u0142ynnego kryzysu szkolnego z lat 1840-42, a ostatecznie do powstania \u015bwieckiego systemu szk\u00f3\u0142 publicznych w Nowym Jorku\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f3\u017cne biografie opisuj\u0105 bezinteresown\u0105 hojno\u015b\u0107 ojca Vareli. Rozdawa\u0142 potrzebuj\u0105cym wszelkie kosztowno\u015bci, jakie posiada\u0142: zegarek, srebrne \u0142y\u017cki, zastaw\u0119 sto\u0142ow\u0105, prze\u015bcierad\u0142a i koce, a nawet w\u0142asne ubrania!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dziedzictwo F\u00e9lixa Vareli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

W 2023 roku obszar najbardziej dotkni\u0119ty opiek\u0105 ojca Vareli nie jest ju\u017c zamieszkany przez Irlandczyk\u00f3w, ale przez tysi\u0105ce imigrant\u00f3w z Chin i Azji na dolnym Manhattanie. Za\u0142o\u017cona przez niego parafia oferuje msze w j\u0119zyku mandary\u0144skim i kanto\u0144skim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wraz z niedawnym nap\u0142ywem imigranci<\/a> Przyk\u0142ad Vareli jest tym, kt\u00f3ry musimy na\u015bladowa\u0107 teraz bardziej ni\u017c kiedykolwiek. Nasi nowo przybyli bracia i siostry potrzebuj\u0105 adwokata, tak jak irlandzcy, niemieccy i w\u0142oscy imigranci potrzebowali go w przesz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Felix Varela wierzy\u0142, jak pisze Juan Navia w \"An Apostle for Immigrants\", \u017ce \"jako istoty ludzkie stworzone na obraz Boga, mamy zdolno\u015b\u0107 rozumowania i podejmowania wa\u017cnych decyzji zgodnie z nasz\u0105 ludzk\u0105 godno\u015bci\u0105, kt\u00f3re prowadz\u0105 nas do szcz\u0119\u015bcia na tym \u015bwiecie i zbawienia w przysz\u0142ym\". Potrzebuj\u0105 dobrze wykszta\u0142conych i obeznanych ludzi, kt\u00f3rzy mog\u0105 obali\u0107 wsp\u00f3\u0142czesne argumenty natywistyczne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bezbronni w naszym spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwie potrzebuj\u0105 wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnego Ojca Vareli, aby pom\u00f3g\u0142 im poprawi\u0107 ich \u017cycie, tak jak zrobi\u0142 to jego ruch antyalkoholowy. Niech zainspiruje serca wielu ludzi do hojnego po\u015bwi\u0119cania czasu, talent\u00f3w i skarb\u00f3w, do s\u0142uchania przes\u0142ania Ewangelii i dostrzegania Chrystusa w bli\u017anim.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Tablica upami\u0119tniaj\u0105ca \u017cycie F\u00e9lixa Vareli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Al escribir como neoyorquino, los inmigrantes han desempe\u00f1ado un papel fundamental en la vida de Nueva York y de Estados Unidos en general desde la fundaci\u00f3n del \u00abpa\u00eds de la libertad\u00bb. Aunque las nacionalidades y las lenguas de los inmigrantes cambian con el tiempo, los retos de navegar por la vida en un nuevo pa\u00eds […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1436,"featured_media":32040,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[549,548],"tags":[795,8],"class_list":["post-32037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evangelizacion","category-foco","tag-estados-unidos","tag-santos"],"yoast_head":"\nF\u00e9lix Varela y los irlandeses - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"F\u00e9lix Varela atendi\u00f3 a miles de inmigrantes irlandeses que escapaban de la pobreza, el hambre y la muerte en su tierra natal.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/focus\/felix-varela-and-theirish\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"F\u00e9lix Varela y los irlandeses - 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