{"id":35790,"date":"2023-12-06T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=35790"},"modified":"2023-12-05T18:16:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T16:16:48","slug":"swiety-mikolaj-z-bari-swiety-klaus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/actualidad\/san-nicolas-de-bari-santa-claus\/","title":{"rendered":"Legenda o \u015bwi\u0119tym Miko\u0142aju: pochodzenie Ojca Bo\u017cego Narodzenia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zdecydowana wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 ludzi wie, \u017ce te \u015awi\u0119ta Bo\u017cego Narodzenia, podobnie jak ka\u017cde poprzednie, b\u0119d\u0105 czasem opowiadania historii. Niezale\u017cnie od tego, czy s\u0105 to historie rodzinne, opowie\u015bci dla najm\u0142odszych, czy romantyczny film w telewizji, opowiadanie historii jest typowym elementem \u015bwi\u0105t Bo\u017cego Narodzenia, obok polvorones, prezent\u00f3w i dekoracji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Istnieje posta\u0107 z tego okresu, kt\u00f3ra jest znana praktycznie na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie, chocia\u017c nie jest tym naprawd\u0119 wa\u017cnym, kt\u00f3ry jest Chrystusem, ale jego dobrym przyjacielem: \u015awi\u0119ty Miko\u0142aj z Bari. Je\u015bli to imi\u0119 nie do ko\u0144ca pasuje, by\u0107 mo\u017ce bardziej znany jest jego pseudonim: Father Christmas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zanim brodaty m\u0119\u017cczyzna podbi\u0142 witryny sklepowe, posta\u0107 Ojca Bo\u017cego Narodzenia znacznie bardziej przypomina\u0142a \u015bw. Miko\u0142aja, biskupa z IV wieku, kt\u00f3ry zainspirowa\u0142 folklor do stworzenia legendy o Ojcu Bo\u017cym Narodzeniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pochodzenie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Niewiele wiadomo o prawdziwym \u017cyciu Miko\u0142aja z Bari. Urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 pod panowaniem Imperium Rzymskiego i niekt\u00f3rzy twierdz\u0105, \u017ce uczestniczy\u0142 w pierwszym soborze w Nicei. Wydaje si\u0119, \u017ce pochodzi\u0142 z zamo\u017cnej chrze\u015bcija\u0144skiej rodziny i zosta\u0142 biskupem niemal przez przypadek. Bardziej pewne jest to, \u017ce by\u0142 bardzo hojnym cz\u0142owiekiem i ju\u017c w chwili jego \u015bmierci ludzie byli mu bardzo oddani.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Biskup Miko\u0142aj z Bari (Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Po \u015bmierci Miko\u0142aja cesarz Teodozjusz kaza\u0142 zbudowa\u0107 ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 na miejscu jego stolicy biskupiej, aby czci\u0107 jego relikwie. Jednak ko\u015bci \u015bwi\u0119tego by\u0142y kilkakrotnie przenoszone, poniewa\u017c kupcy i wielbiciele przenosili jego szcz\u0105tki z miasta do miasta. Rzeczywista lokalizacja cia\u0142a \u015bw. Miko\u0142aja z Bari jest przedmiotem kontrowersji i wci\u0105\u017c pozostaje w r\u0119kach archeolog\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale jak to mo\u017cliwe, \u017ce osoba, o kt\u00f3rej wiemy tak niewiele, sta\u0142a si\u0119 jedn\u0105 z najbardziej rozpoznawalnych postaci Bo\u017cego Narodzenia? Tutaj do gry wkracza legenda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historia g\u0142osi, \u017ce \u015awi\u0119ty Miko\u0142aj z Bari uratowa\u0142 trzy m\u0142ode kobiety, kt\u00f3rych ojciec popad\u0142 w ruin\u0119. Nie mog\u0105c zaaran\u017cowa\u0107 ma\u0142\u017ce\u0144stwa z powodu braku pieni\u0119dzy lub \u015brodk\u00f3w do \u017cycia, trzy kobiety by\u0142y skazane na prostytucj\u0119. Dowiedziawszy si\u0119 o tym, biskup wyrzuci\u0142 worek z\u0142otych monet przez okno domu, niezauwa\u017cony przez nikogo. Kiedy ojciec je znalaz\u0142, by\u0142 w stanie wyda\u0107 najstarsz\u0105 c\u00f3rk\u0119 za m\u0105\u017c, poniewa\u017c mia\u0142 posag. Nied\u0142ugo p\u00f3\u017aniej Miko\u0142aj z Bari powt\u00f3rzy\u0142 ten gest. Druga c\u00f3rka r\u00f3wnie\u017c mog\u0142a \u015bwi\u0119towa\u0107 swoje ma\u0142\u017ce\u0144stwo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W trzecim akcie hojno\u015bci dobroczy\u0144cy nie uda\u0142o si\u0119 pozosta\u0107 niezauwa\u017conym. Ojciec zauwa\u017cy\u0142 i m\u00f3g\u0142 tylko ukl\u0119kn\u0105\u0107 przed biskupem, aby podzi\u0119kowa\u0107 mu za jego gest. Miko\u0142aj poprosi\u0142 m\u0119\u017cczyzn\u0119, aby nikomu nie m\u00f3wi\u0142 o pochodzeniu trzech prezent\u00f3w. Dlatego dzi\u015b jest to najbardziej znana historia \u015bwi\u0119tego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ojciec Bo\u017ce Narodzenie i \u015awi\u0119ty Miko\u0142aj<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Posta\u0107 \u015awi\u0119tego Miko\u0142aja jest cz\u0119\u015bciowo oparta na tej historii. Niekt\u00f3re warianty tej historii m\u00f3wi\u0105, \u017ce \u015awi\u0119ty Miko\u0142aj wrzuci\u0142 monety do komina domu (tak jak dzi\u015b Ojciec \u015awi\u0119ty spuszcza je w\u0105skim kana\u0142em), wi\u0119c z\u0142oto wpad\u0142o do po\u0144czoch, kt\u00f3re m\u0142ode dziewczyny zostawi\u0142y do wyschni\u0119cia (i dlatego skarpetki musz\u0105 by\u0107 wieszane w kominie ka\u017cdego roku).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f3wi si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce \u015bwi\u0119ty uratowa\u0142 kilkoro dzieci. Podobno za \u017cycia przywr\u00f3ci\u0142 do \u017cycia troje ma\u0142ych dzieci, kt\u00f3re zmar\u0142y po upadku z drzewa. Wstawia\u0142 si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c za dzie\u0107mi, kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142y zamordowane przez okrutnego karczmarza. Uratowa\u0142 nawet dziecko podczas II wojny \u015bwiatowej. Matka dziecka straci\u0142a je z oczu podczas nalotu bombowego na miasto Bari. Kilka godzin p\u00f3\u017aniej ma\u0142y ch\u0142opiec pojawi\u0142 si\u0119 na jej progu bez szwanku, wyja\u015bniaj\u0105c, \u017ce \u015awi\u0119ty Miko\u0142aj ochroni\u0142 go i pom\u00f3g\u0142 mu wr\u00f3ci\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale relacja biskupa z Bo\u017ce Narodzenie<\/a> Nie jest to nic nowego. Od \u015bredniowiecza zwyczajem by\u0142o wr\u0119czanie prezent\u00f3w najm\u0142odszym, kt\u00f3rych opiekunem by\u0142 \u015bw. Miko\u0142aj, w przeddzie\u0144 jego \u015bwi\u0119ta, 6 grudnia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015awi\u0119ty Miko\u0142aj dzisiaj<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To pi\u0119kne przypomnienie przybra\u0142o swoj\u0105 obecn\u0105 form\u0119 pod wp\u0142ywem innych europejskich postaci i legend. Nale\u017c\u0105 do nich \"Father Christmas\", posta\u0107 z XV-wiecznego angielskiego poematu; \"Sinterklaas\", majestatyczny starzec, kt\u00f3ry nosi p\u0142aszcz i czerpie z kultury Holandii, Szwajcarii i Belgii; oraz \"Mikul\u00e1s\", legendarna posta\u0107 narodu w\u0119gierskiego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z biegiem czasu pami\u0119\u0107 o \u015bwi\u0119tym Miko\u0142aju z Bari, jego prezentach i uznaniu dla dzieci zosta\u0142a zniekszta\u0142cona. \u015awi\u0119ty Miko\u0142aj, jakiego znamy dzisiaj, powsta\u0142 w wyniku reinterpretacji europejskich tradycji w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Stopniowo chrze\u015bcija\u0144ski \u015bwi\u0119ty zosta\u0142 przekszta\u0142cony z rysunku karykaturzysty w starca ubranego w czerwie\u0144 i biel (to, \u017ce kolory s\u0105 spowodowane znan\u0105 mark\u0105 napoj\u00f3w, jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 legendy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niekt\u00f3re kraje postrzegaj\u0105 Ojca Gwiazdk\u0119 jako wynik usuni\u0119cia Boga z Bo\u017cego Narodzenia, przez co Bo\u017ce Narodzenie traci swoj\u0105 istot\u0119. Dla innych jest on komercyjnym chwytem, kt\u00f3ry zach\u0119ca do konsumpcji. Nikt jednak nie mo\u017ce odebra\u0107 katolikom ich \u015bwi\u0119tego Miko\u0142aja, kt\u00f3ry funkcjonuje jako prekursor najwa\u017cniejszego dnia sezonu i kt\u00f3ry, jako dobry ucze\u0144 swojego Mistrza, o\u017cywi\u0142 s\u0142ynne zdanie: \"Pozw\u00f3lcie dzieciom przychodzi\u0107 do Mnie\" (Matthew<\/a> 19,14).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La gran mayor\u00eda de las personas saben que estas Navidades, al igual que en todas las anteriores, habr\u00e1 un momento dedicado a contar historias. Ya sean relatos familiares, cuentos para los peque\u00f1os o esa pel\u00edcula romanticona que sale en la tele, las narraciones son un elemento t\u00edpico de la Navidad, junto a los polvorones, los […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1436,"featured_media":35791,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39],"tags":[1029,628],"class_list":["post-35790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura","tag-adviento","tag-navidad"],"yoast_head":"\nLa leyenda de san Nicol\u00e1s: el origen de Santa Claus - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uno de los relatos m\u00e1s conocidos de la Navidad es el de Santa Claus, cuyo origen se remonta a san Nicol\u00e1s de Bari.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/aktualnosci\/swiety-mikolaj-z-bari-swiety-klaus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La leyenda de san Nicol\u00e1s: el origen de Santa Claus - 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