{"id":36505,"date":"2024-01-09T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-09T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=36505"},"modified":"2024-01-10T10:24:30","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T08:24:30","slug":"czarny-chrystus-esquipulas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/actualidad\/cristo-negro-esquipulas\/","title":{"rendered":"Czarny Chrystus z Esquipulas, nabo\u017ce\u0144stwo poza Gwatemal\u0105"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ka\u017cdego 15 stycznia Gwatemala obchodzi \u015bwi\u0119to Czarnego Chrystusa z Esquipulas, miasta po\u0142o\u017conego 222 kilometry od stolicy kraju. \u015awi\u0119to to przyci\u0105ga do Esquipulas oko\u0142o czterech milion\u00f3w pielgrzym\u00f3w z ca\u0142ej Gwatemali. Przybywaj\u0105 oni, aby dzi\u0119kowa\u0107 lub prosi\u0107 o \u0142aski Czarnego Chrystusa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W okolicach tej daty w mie\u015bcie odbywaj\u0105 si\u0119 procesje, nowenny, msze, a tak\u017ce r\u00f3\u017cnorodne formy ekspresji kulturowej, kt\u00f3re wyra\u017caj\u0105 wiar\u0119 i pobo\u017cno\u015b\u0107 ludow\u0105 mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w wioski. Nabo\u017ce\u0144stwo rozprzestrzenia si\u0119 w kilku krajach Ameryki \u015arodkowej i Stanach Zjednoczonych, poniewa\u017c obraz przyczynia si\u0119 do wzrostu \u017carliwo\u015bci i pobo\u017cno\u015bci, ale jest tak\u017ce elementem to\u017csamo\u015bci i sp\u00f3jno\u015bci spo\u0142ecznej poza granicami kraju. Gwatemalczycy odnajduj\u0105 w Czarnym Chrystusie czynnik jednocz\u0105cy i przywi\u0105zanie do swoich tradycji i kultury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wizerunek Czarnego Chrystusa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Obraz jest rze\u017ab\u0105 przedstawiaj\u0105c\u0105 ukrzy\u017cowanego Chrystusa wykonan\u0105 w XVI wieku z polichromowanego drewna. Jego autorstwo przypisuje si\u0119 rze\u017abiarzowi Quirio Cata\u00f1o. Istnieje wiele wersji i legend na temat ciemnego koloru. Nie ma manuskrypt\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re stwierdza\u0142yby, \u017ce pierwotny kolor drewna by\u0142 ca\u0142kowicie czarny, pewne jest natomiast to, \u017ce dym \u015bwiec, kadzid\u0142a, kurz i r\u0119ce pielgrzym\u00f3w przyczyni\u0142y si\u0119 do jego pociemnienia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wed\u0142ug niekt\u00f3rych badaczy, czarna tonacja Cristos lub Dziewic w Ameryce jest przypisywana czterem czynnikom: synkretyzmowi religijnemu, materia\u0142om, z kt\u00f3rych wykonane s\u0105 dzie\u0142a (na bazie pasty trzcinowej, kukurydzy i ciemnego drewna), zapotrzebowaniu na przedstawienia, kt\u00f3re wywo\u0142uj\u0105 poczucie przynale\u017cno\u015bci oraz afroameryka\u0144skiej spo\u0142eczno\u015bci w Nowej Hiszpanii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pocz\u0105wszy od XVIII wieku, duchowni Sanktuarium w Esquipulas starali si\u0119 ukierunkowa\u0107 popularn\u0105 pobo\u017cno\u015b\u0107 i po\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 j\u0105 z mrocznym tonem obrazu. Na przyk\u0142ad kanonik Juan Paz Sol\u00f3rzano napisa\u0142 w 1914 roku: \"Kiedy nadesz\u0142a godzina M\u0119ki, Chrystus szed\u0142 na Kalwari\u0119 pod p\u0142on\u0105cym i obejmuj\u0105cym s\u0142o\u0144cem, po\u015br\u00f3d chmury kurzu wytwarzanej przez t\u0142um bezbo\u017cnego t\u0142umu, kt\u00f3ry pod\u0105\u017ca\u0142 za Nim. Sk\u0105d wi\u0119c ten podziw na widok \u015bwi\u0119tego obrazu przedstawionego w ciemnym cieniu?\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W zwi\u0105zku z tym podczas wizyty w sanktuarium Esquipulas w dniu 6 lutego 1996 r, Jan Pawe\u0142 II<\/a> Podkre\u015bli\u0142: \"Przez cztery wieki wierz\u0105cy m\u0119\u017cczy\u017ani i kobiety z tych umi\u0142owanych ziem padali na kolana, pe\u0142ni mi\u0142o\u015bci i ufno\u015bci przed Chrystusem, kt\u00f3rego zaczerni\u0142 up\u0142yw czasu i wyrazy pobo\u017cno\u015bci. Ten wizerunek, tak czczony przez Gwatemalczyk\u00f3w i mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w s\u0105siednich kraj\u00f3w, jest jak \u015bwiat\u0142o, kt\u00f3re objawia nam drog\u0119 do Boga\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pobo\u017cno\u015b\u0107 w Ameryce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

W Ameryce \u015arodkowej znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 272 sanktuaria po\u015bwi\u0119cone Panu z Esquipulas, a na kontynencie ameryka\u0144skim jest ich ponad 420, z czego ponad 370 znajduje si\u0119 w Ameryce \u015arodkowej, a 80 % z nich jest zwi\u0105zanych z Chrystusem z Esquipulas. W Meksyku, w Katedrze Metropolitalnej Meksyku znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 ciemne wizerunki Chrystusa z Chalma, Tila, Otatitl\u00e1n i Pana Trucizny.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nabo\u017ce\u0144stwo do Pana z Esquipulas rozprzestrzeni\u0142o si\u0119 szeroko poza Gwatemal\u0105, zw\u0142aszcza w Ameryce \u015arodkowej, Meksyku i Stanach Zjednoczonych, w Kalifornii, na Florydzie, w Teksasie i Nowym Jorku, stanach o najwi\u0119kszej populacji Gwatemalczyk\u00f3w w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Gwatemalczycy s\u0105 sz\u00f3st\u0105 co do wielko\u015bci populacj\u0105 pochodzenia latynoskiego w kraju. W latach 2000-2021 ich liczba wzros\u0142a z 410 000 do 1,8 miliona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Badacz Leonardo D. Rosas Paz wskazuje w swojej pracy badawczej na temat rozpowszechniania kultu Chrystusa z Esquipulas w Stanach Zjednoczonych, \u017ce miasto Los Angeles by\u0142o centrum propagowania kultu Czarnego Chrystusa w innych miejscowo\u015bciach Ameryki P\u00f3\u0142nocnej. Jednym z pierwszych miejsc, w kt\u00f3rych by\u0142 czczony, by\u0142 ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 Matki Bo\u017cej Kr\u00f3lowej Los Angeles (Placita Olvera) w historycznym centrum Los Angeles. Wizerunek Pana z Esquipulas przyby\u0142 tam w 1986 roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innym pionierskim ko\u015bcio\u0142em by\u0142 ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 Niepokalanego Pocz\u0119cia w MacArthur Park w Los Angeles. Od 2000 roku inne ko\u015bcio\u0142y w tej archidiecezji zainicjowa\u0142y to nabo\u017ce\u0144stwo, a czynnik ten wzr\u00f3s\u0142 od 2010 roku, prawdopodobnie ze wzgl\u0119du na wzrost liczby spo\u0142eczno\u015bci gwatemalskich, kt\u00f3re przyby\u0142y w r\u00f3\u017cnych falach migracji z Ameryki \u015arodkowej do Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dzisiejszy festiwal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Obecnie istnieje oko\u0142o 20 miejsc w obszarze metropolitalnym Los Angeles i 6 w San Francisco, gdzie odbywa si\u0119 to nabo\u017ce\u0144stwo. W tych miejscach powsta\u0142y bractwa Chrystusa z Esquipulas, kt\u00f3re oko\u0142o 15 stycznia organizuj\u0105 nowenny, festiwale, msze i r\u00f3\u017cne uroczysto\u015bci, kt\u00f3re s\u0142u\u017c\u0105 upowszechnianiu bogatych tradycji tego kraju w Stanach Zjednoczonych. W 2024 r. dziesi\u0105tki ko\u015bcio\u0142\u00f3w w Kalifornii b\u0119d\u0105 organizowa\u0107 uroczysto\u015bci ku czci Czarnego Chrystusa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W innych miastach, takich jak Atlanta, Chicago, Floryda, Georgia, Maryland i Nowy Jork, r\u00f3wnie\u017c odb\u0119d\u0105 si\u0119 uroczysto\u015bci. Wielu mszom b\u0119d\u0105 przewodniczy\u0107 biskupi w ko\u015bcio\u0142ach, w kt\u00f3rych jest on czczony lub w katedrze, jak w przypadku St. Patrick's w Nowym Jorku. Kardyna\u0142 Alvaro Leonel Ramazzini z Huehuetenango w Gwatemali przewodniczy\u0142 ceremonii w niedziel\u0119 7 stycznia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cada 15 de enero se celebra en Guatemala la fiesta del Cristo Negro de Esquipulas, ciudad ubicada a 222 kil\u00f3metros de la capital de ese pa\u00eds. Esta fiesta atrae a Esquipulas a cerca de cuatro millones de peregrinos provenientes de diversos puntos de Guatemala. Acuden para dar gracias o pedir favores al Cristo Negro. Alrededor […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":36506,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,37,46],"tags":[538],"class_list":["post-36505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-america-latina","category-mundo","tag-america"],"yoast_head":"\nCristo Negro de Esquipulas, la devoci\u00f3n m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de Guatemala - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La devoci\u00f3n al Cristo Negro de Esquipulas se ha difundido ampliamente fuera de Guatemala, especialmente en Centroam\u00e9rica y Estados Unidos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/aktualnosci\/czarny-chrystus-esquipulas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cristo Negro de Esquipulas, la devoci\u00f3n m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de Guatemala - 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