{"id":38114,"date":"2024-03-14T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-14T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnesmag.com\/?p=38114"},"modified":"2024-03-14T11:57:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T09:57:10","slug":"georges-lemaitre-kaplan-wielkiego-wybuchu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/actualidad\/georges-lemaitre-sacerdote-big-bang\/","title":{"rendered":"Georges Lema\u00eetre, ksi\u0105dz, kt\u00f3ry zaproponowa\u0142 teori\u0119 Wielkiego Wybuchu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ksi\u0105dz i naukowiec Georges Lema\u00eetre (Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

14 marca to Mi\u0119dzynarodowy Dzie\u0144 Matematyki i nie jest to przypadek. W wielu krajach tradycji anglosaskiej dat\u0119 zapisuje si\u0119 wed\u0142ug schematu miesi\u0105c-dzie\u0144-rok lub po prostu miesi\u0105c-dzie\u0144. Oznacza to, \u017ce dat\u0119 zapisuje si\u0119 od 3 do 14... I w\u0142a\u015bnie w tych cyfrach tkwi klucz do matematycznego dnia pami\u0119ci: 3,14 to pocz\u0105tek jednej z najs\u0142ynniejszych liczb, liczby Pi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matematyka, kochana i nienawidzona w r\u00f3wnym stopniu, jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c wa\u017cna dla katolik\u00f3w. Przyk\u0142adem tego jest \u017cycie ksi\u0119dza, matematyka, astronoma i fizyka Georges'a Lema\u00eetre'a, kt\u00f3ry opr\u00f3cz czasu sp\u0119dzonego w seminarium by\u0142 intensywnie aktywny w \u015brodowisku akademickim i badawczym. Do tego stopnia, \u017ce jest jednym z ojc\u00f3w teorii Wielkiego Wybuchu i prawa Hubble'a-Lema\u00eetre'a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dwa powo\u0142ania<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Georges Lema\u00eetre urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 w Belgii 17 lipca 1894 roku. By\u0142 synem katolickich rodzic\u00f3w i ucz\u0119szcza\u0142 do szko\u0142y jezuickiej. Tam wyr\u00f3\u017cnia\u0142 si\u0119 w kilku przedmiotach, ale szczeg\u00f3lnie w matematyce i fizyce. Podczas studi\u00f3w doszed\u0142 do wniosku, \u017ce ma dwa powo\u0142ania, kt\u00f3re na pierwszy rzut oka mog\u0105 wydawa\u0107 si\u0119 nie do pogodzenia: kap\u0142a\u0144stwo i nauka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po uko\u0144czeniu Szko\u0142y In\u017cynier\u00f3w G\u00f3rnictwa i wst\u0105pieniu na ochotnika do wojska podczas I wojny \u015bwiatowej, Georges rozpocz\u0105\u0142 studia z fizyki i matematyki. W 1920 roku uzyska\u0142 tytu\u0142 doktora na podstawie rozprawy \"Aproksymacja funkcji kilku zmiennych rzeczywistych\". Po obronie pracy doktorskiej Lema\u00eetre do\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 do seminarium<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Przygotowanie do kap\u0142a\u0144stwa nie by\u0142o jednak przeszkod\u0105 w kontynuowaniu nauki fizyki i matematyki. Dlatego te\u017c m\u0142ody seminarzysta nadal zag\u0142\u0119bia\u0142 si\u0119 w nauk\u0119, szczeg\u00f3lnie interesuj\u0105c si\u0119 Teori\u0105 Wzgl\u0119dno\u015bci Einsteina. W ci\u0105gu swojego \u017cycia Georges Lema\u00eetre czterokrotnie spotka\u0142 si\u0119 z niemieckim fizykiem, kt\u00f3ry doceni\u0142 jego istotny wk\u0142ad w post\u0119p naukowy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teoria Wzgl\u0119dno\u015bci towarzyszy\u0142a ksi\u0119dzu przez kilka lat. Zag\u0142\u0119bia\u0142 si\u0119 w ni\u0105 podczas swojej pracy badawczej, kt\u00f3ra zaprowadzi\u0142a go zar\u00f3wno na Uniwersytet Cambridge w Anglii, jak i do s\u0142ynnego MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) w Stanach Zjednoczonych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wk\u0142ad naukowy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Georges Lema\u00eetre ostatecznie uzyska\u0142 profesur\u0119 na Katolickim Uniwersytecie w Louvain w swoim rodzinnym kraju i powr\u00f3ci\u0142 do Belgii. Tam opracowa\u0142 jeden ze swoich wielkich wk\u0142ad\u00f3w, wspomniany powy\u017cej: teori\u0119 Wielkiego Wybuchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W tym czasie opublikowa\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c swoj\u0105 prac\u0119 nad tym, co jest obecnie znane jako prawo Hubble'a-Lema\u00eetre'a. Jednak jego wk\u0142ad w to prawo wymaga\u0142 lat, aby zosta\u0142 uznany, poniewa\u017c spo\u0142eczno\u015b\u0107 naukowa przypisa\u0142a zas\u0142ug\u0119 prawie w ca\u0142o\u015bci astronomowi Edwinowi Hubble'owi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nauka i wiara<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Byli tacy, kt\u00f3rzy w\u0105tpili w prac\u0119 Lema\u00eetre'a jako matematyka i fizyka. Dla niekt\u00f3rych jego status ksi\u0119dza i jego katolickie przekonania uniemo\u017cliwia\u0142y mu dobre wykonywanie pracy. Naukowiec nie waha\u0142 si\u0119 jednak wyja\u015bni\u0107, \u017ce jego wiara nie by\u0142a przeszkod\u0105 w wykonywanej przez niego pracy. Kilkakrotnie twierdzi\u0142, \u017ce nie musi miesza\u0107 tych dw\u00f3ch dziedzin, gdy musz\u0105 by\u0107 one oddzielone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mimo to twierdzi\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce zalet\u0105 bycia katolickim naukowcem jest pewno\u015b\u0107, \u017ce rzeczywisto\u015b\u0107 zosta\u0142a stworzona przez inteligentn\u0105 istot\u0119, dzi\u0119ki czemu mo\u017cna znale\u017a\u0107 odpowiedzi na pytania dotycz\u0105ce wszech\u015bwiata, poniewa\u017c s\u0105 one zgodne z logik\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d3wczesny papie\u017c, Pius XII, nie mia\u0142 takich samych uprzedze\u0144 jak niekt\u00f3rzy \u00f3wcze\u015bni naukowcy. W zwi\u0105zku z tym mianowa\u0142 Lema\u00eetre'a cz\u0142onkiem Komitetu ds. Papieska Akademia Nauk<\/a>. Chocia\u017c prawd\u0105 jest, \u017ce papie\u017c i ksi\u0105dz mieli pewne r\u00f3\u017cnice, Lema\u00eetre nigdy nie wszed\u0142 w bezpo\u015bredni konflikt z papie\u017cem, twierdz\u0105c, \u017ce jego teorie naukowe nie by\u0142y zwi\u0105zane z teologi\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ostatnie lata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

W 1960 r. Georges Lema\u00eetre zosta\u0142 przewodnicz\u0105cym Papieskiej Akademii. Podczas swojej kadencji u\u0142atwi\u0142 dialog mi\u0119dzy wierz\u0105cymi naukowcami i ateistami, osi\u0105gaj\u0105c otwarto\u015b\u0107, jakiej nigdy wcze\u015bniej nie widziano w tej instytucji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ksi\u0105dz kontynuowa\u0142 swoje badania i pos\u0142ug\u0119 kap\u0142a\u0144sk\u0105 przez ca\u0142e \u017cycie, a\u017c do \u015bmierci na bia\u0142aczk\u0119 w 1966 roku w wieku 71 lat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 14 de marzo es el d\u00eda internacional de las matem\u00e1ticas y no es por mera casualidad. Muchos pa\u00edses de tradici\u00f3n anglosajona escriben la fecha siguiendo el esquema mes-d\u00eda-a\u00f1o, o sencillamente mes-d\u00eda. Esto significa que una fecha se escriba 3-14\u2026 Y en esos d\u00edgitos est\u00e1 la clave del d\u00eda conmemorativo de las matem\u00e1ticas: 3,14 es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1436,"featured_media":38116,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[36,39],"tags":[576],"class_list":["post-38114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-cultura","tag-ciencia"],"yoast_head":"\nGeorges Lema\u00eetre, el sacerdote que propuso la teor\u00eda del Big Bang - Omnes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Georges Lema\u00eetre fue un sacerdote, matem\u00e1tico y f\u00edsico cat\u00f3lico que desarroll\u00f3 la Teor\u00eda del Big Bang en el siglo XX.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omnesmag.com\/pl\/aktualnosci\/georges-lemaitre-kaplan-wielkiego-wybuchu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Georges Lema\u00eetre, el sacerdote que propuso la teor\u00eda del Big Bang - 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