Gospel

Persevering in prayer. 29th Sunday in Ordinary Time (C)

Joseph Evans comments on the readings for the 29th Sunday in Ordinary Time (C) corresponding to October 19, 2025.

Joseph Evans-October 16, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

The graphic and expressive parable that Jesus tells us today - the widow who demands justice from the unjust judge - shows us how much Our Lord wants us to persevere in prayer. The judge is not a good man. For him, the widow is a nuisance, but precisely because she does not stop bothering him, he decides to give her what she wants just to have a little peace. Jesus tells us: "be annoying, keep knocking, keep asking". If an evil man gives the woman the justice she wants, how much more will God give us what we ask for if we cry out to him day and night.

Two lessons can be drawn from this: first, Jesus is talking about justice, something we really need. The woman is not pestering the judge to buy her a new pair of shoes. God will listen to us if we ask him for what really matters. No matter how much we insist to God, if we don't really need something, we may not get it. And then we will have to cry out day and night.

Sometimes we complain that God does not hear us, but that may be because we ask without conviction. We say a few lukewarm prayers and then complain that God doesn't answer us. The woman knocked on the judge's door every day. If we want something and it is important, we must insist. Ask a lot, every day, many times a day. That is true prayer.

Finally, there are two phrases of Our Lord that seem to contradict each other. He speaks of God seeming slow to respond to us, but He also says that God will respond to us quickly. How do we reconcile the two? Any attempt to respond must be considered within the larger context of God's action in the world. Right now there are people suffering injustice. God does not seem to be answering their prayers; nor our prayers for them. But it is also true that God has corrected many injustices. Let us think of so many advances in human rights in our society. Our own personal experience tells us that no problem lasts forever.

God hears our prayers and answers quickly. He may not always give us the solution we want or that comes to mind. Sometimes, more than solving a problem, He helps us solve ourselves. He helps us become better people in that problem, growing in virtue and trust in Him. God always gives us a part of His holiness. That is the greatest gift of all, the inner righteousness to act and think rightly, toward God and toward others, whatever the outward circumstances. By striving to be righteous within ourselves, we will contribute to creating a more just society through our social action and, above all, our constant prayer.

Evangelization

U.S. intellectual strongly calls for taking religious issues "seriously"

Influential political scientist Charles Murray has published "Taking Religion Seriously," a book that chronicles his journey from secular agnosticism to openness to the question of God.

Javier García Herrería-October 15, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

The influential political scientist and writer Charles Murray, known for his libertarian stance and his views on American social inequality, has just published his new book, "The American Way of the World. Taking Religion Seriously (Taking religion seriously). Murray, a Harvard graduate with a Ph.D. from MIT, embarks on an intellectual and personal journey that takes him from enlightened agnosticism to a sincere openness to the possibility of God.

The author, famous for his rational analysis and polemical theses on Western culture, admits that for decades he considered himself a convinced secularist, but that a series of "nudges" - as he calls them - led him to question his materialistic certainties.

He explains that he has had a good enough life not to have been forced to believe in a God that would give meaning to his suffering: "I have lived my life without ever reaching the depths of despair", he explains in an article published in The free Press and from whose content we extract the quotes in this text.

The confession, intimate and honest, sets the tone of a book that mixes philosophy, science, biography and spirituality. Murray acknowledges that his training protected him from deep suffering - and also, paradoxically, from the yearning for the transcendent. 

From Thailand to metaphysical thinking

The story goes back to his youthful years in the Peace Corps in Thailand during the 1960s. There he practiced transcendental meditation, in search of an enlightenment he never achieved. "I tried, but it didn't work. On the rare occasions when I approached a meditative state, I could feel my own resistance."

That failure planted in him a persistent intuition: that people have different capacities for spiritual perception, just as some are more sensitive to music or art. Decades later, as he watched his wife Catherine delve into Quakerism, Murray thought she was "suffering from a perceptual deficit in spirituality."

Murray's wife was a pious Quaker and, he believed, did not believe out of self-deception, as atheists often think. That disarmed him: "She had an extraordinary intellect...and she was not self-deluded in any way. Through her example I came to accept that I was the one who had a problem."

The dismantling of its secular catechism

Murray devotes a central chapter to dismantling what he calls his "secular catechism," the series of three dogmas he had accepted without examination for decades:

  • The concept of a personal God is at odds with everything science has taught us.
  • Humans are animals... When the brain stops, consciousness also stops.
  • The great religious traditions are human inventions, products of the fear of death.

That set of convictions, he says, constituted his intellectual comfort zone, devoid of any deep reflection. Murray does not disavow science, but he reproaches modern thought for its lack of metaphysical curiosity. 

The process of his doubts began with small nudges-casual reflections, outside questions, readings-that eventually undermined the structure of his skepticism. The question that changed everything: "Why is there something instead of nothing?" "Surely things don't exist without having been created. What created all this?". 

Reflecting on these questions, he better understood the limits of reason. The idea that existence itself demands a cause led him to accept that there is a "Mystery with a capital M" at the origin of everything. "What Mystery really means is that the universe was created by an unknowable creative force...a concept that Aristotle referred to as the 'immobile motor. Murray confesses that, for the first time, that concept struck him as an intellectually acceptable description of God.

Deanthropomorphizing God

The next step in his spiritual evolution was to free himself from the human image of God. "Any God worthy of the name is at least as incomprehensible to a human being as I am to my dog."

The comparison serves to express the distance between the Creator and the creature. His dog perceives him partially, without understanding his essence; in the same way, the human being only grazes the divine mystery.

This process of "deanthropomorphization" freed him from the childish caricatures of the bearded and paternalistic God, allowing him a faith open to mystery.

A book that challenges non-believers

Taking Religion Seriously is not intended as a theological work, but as a cultural and personal reflection. Murray addresses himself especially to modern intellectuals, those for whom religion seemed a residue of the past. His message is clear: faith, properly understood, does not contradict reason; it completes it.

"In the 21st century, it's easy to stay entertained and distracted. And that, I think, explains a lot not only about me, but about the carefree secularism of our age."

Murray attempts to bridge the gap between the modern mind and openness to the supernatural. He acknowledges the persistent skepticism in our culture, but invites his readers to reconsider that the search for God is a legitimate task of human thought, not an irrational flight.

At a time when many wonder if the West is undergoing a "religious renaissance," Murray offers his personal answer: yes, but it must begin within every soul who - like him - dares to look into the void and discover that perhaps that void is in the form of God.

The World

Iran inaugurates new "Holy Virgin Mary" metro station in Tehran

For many it is surprising that an Islamic country would dedicate a public place to the mother of Jesus, but it makes sense if you understand the context of the Shiite religion.

Javier García Herrería-October 15, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

In a few days the Iranian government will officially inaugurate the new metro station "Holy Virgin Mary" (Hazrat Maryam Moghaddas), located on Line 6 of the Tehran Metro. This station, the twenty-fifth on the line, stands out both for its architectural design and its religious and cultural symbolism.

Located near the Sarkis Cathedral of the Armenians, one of the most representative Christian temples of the Iranian capital, the station pays homage to the figure of the Virgin Mary, venerated by both Christians and Shiite Muslims. On its walls, travelers can appreciate artistic murals that reflect the coexistence between the country's religious communities and the importance of the Virgin Mary in the Islamic tradition.

Image of Sarkis Cathedral in one of the murals. ©Tehran pinture agency

In Iran, the State recognizes and guarantees freedom of worship to historical religious minorities, such as Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians, however, Iranian law does not allow evangelization or conversion from Islam to Christianity.

The inauguration of this station highlights the shared devotion to the Virgin Mary, a figure respected in Shiite Islam as the mother of the Prophet Jesus (Isa). It is not unusual to find statues and parks dedicated to the Virgin in different parts of the country, such as the Park of the Holy Mary in northern Tehran.

©Tehran pinture agency

With this new station, the Tehran Metro continues to expand its network and, at the same time, offers a space that reflects a minimal religious and cultural diversity of Iranian society.

©Tehran pinture agency
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Spain

Bishop Figaredo on World Mission Sunday: "We do a lot of pastoral work, but it does not appear in the media".

Today a press conference was held to present World Mission Sunday (DOMUND), which will be celebrated on Sunday, October 19, all over the world.

Editorial Staff Omnes-October 15, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

Today a press conference was held to present World Mission Sunday (DOMUND), which will be celebrated on Sunday, October 19, all over the world. This year, the campaign is accompanied - for the first time - by a video of the Pope in Spanish, in which he invites all the faithful to become actively involved in sustaining the pastoral mission of the Church.

In his message, the Pope encourages us to "support pastoral and catechetical programs, to build new churches and to attend to the health and educational needs of our brothers and sisters in mission lands. And he concludes with a call to action: "This October 19, as we reflect together on our baptismal call to be missionaries of hope among peoples, let us renew our commitment to the sweet and joyful task of bringing Jesus Christ, our hope, to the far corners of the world."

PMO: prayer and commitment to missions

During the presentation, José María Calderón, National Director of the Pontifical Mission Societies (PMS) Spain, underscored the decisive importance of the World Mission Sunday for evangelization. He stressed that this day is not just a collection, but an expression of communion and commitment to the mission of the Church.

Calderon also insisted on the need for prayer: "We ask the people of God to pray for the missionaries and the missions, because the mission is not only sustained by material resources, but also by the believing hearts of those who pray for it.

Testimony from Cambodia: Msgr. Enrique Figaredo

Among the mission territories that receive Domund aid each year is the prefecture of Battambang (Cambodia), where the Spanish missionary Monsignor Enrique Figaredo, known for his dedication to the victims of anti-personnel mines, works.

Over the years, Figaredo has built and distributed more than 60,000 wheelchairs and has promoted multiple projects of social and educational inclusion. One of my wishes," he said, "is to promote vocations, so that the prefect who replaces me at the head of the local Church will be a native Cambodian".

What is OMP?

The Pontifical Mission Societies (PMS) is the official organism of the Holy See in charge of the support of the Mission Territories. One of its four works, the Work for the Propagation of the Faith, organizes the annual World Mission Sunday. Its founder, Pauline Jaricot, was declared blessed in 2022.

Thanks to the proceeds of this World Youth Day, the Pope is able to send annual support for the upkeep of the 1,131 young churches that depend directly on the Dicastery for Evangelization, whose prefect is the Pope himself.

The Domund is not only a financial aid: it also collaborates through prayer or volunteering. In Spain, about 10,000 young people dedicate their summer vacation to the mission, and there are 1,791 volunteers working in delegations, parishes and archpriests.

Spain: world leader in the sending of missionaries

The Catholic Church in Spain has one of the largest missionary communities in the world: 9,648 missionaries, of whom 53% are women and 47% are men.

The country that receives the largest number of Spanish missionaries is Peru (524).

Profile of the missionaries:

  • 54 % consecrated
  • 25 % religious priests
  • 12 % laypersons
  • 8 % diocesan priests

Distribution by continent:

  • America: 66.27 %
  • Europe: 15.94 %
  • Africa: 10.74 %
  • Asia: 6.60 %
  • Oceania: 0.45 %

The impact of mission territories

The Catholic Church classifies approximately one-third (37%) of its global structure as Mission Territories, so that the data

  • Population served: 45,70% of humanity lives in these regions.
  • Sacramental life: one out of every three baptisms in the world is celebrated in them.
  • Social and educational work: 44% of the Church's social and educational works (schools, hospitals, orphanages...) are carried out in mission territories.
  • Pastoral load: a missionary priest serves more than twice as many faithful as the average in other dioceses, reflecting the enormous challenge and dedication of pastoral agents.

What does the money from the World Mission Fund go to?

In 2024, the Universal Solidarity Fund of the Work for the Propagation of the Faith (DOMUND) raised 64 million euros worldwide, of which more than 10 million came from Spanish dioceses.

Source of funds

  • 43%: parish donations
  • 30%: congregations and companies
  • 19%: inheritances
  • 7%: schools

Destination and projects financed

The funds financed 413 projects in 179 dioceses in 26 countries, distributed as follows:

  • 174 regular projects for the daily maintenance of the missions.
  • 107 catechetical projects.
  • 132 extraordinary projects, including:
    • Construction and repair: 108
    • Christian formation: 10
    • Media: 7
    • Equipment: 7

Pope's video

You can watch the complete video of Pope Francis' message for DOMUND 2025 at this link:

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The Vatican

In the face of discouragement, Pope encourages families to turn to the Risen One

In today's Audience, Pope Leo XIV encouraged "those who are discouraged and tired of life" to turn to the Risen Jesus, "the guarantee of hope". In his greetings he blessed families and exhorted them to turn their gaze to St. Teresa of Avila.   

Francisco Otamendi-October 15, 2025-Reading time: 4 minutes

In the Audience This morning, with more than 50,000 pilgrims in St. Peter's Square, Pope Leo encouraged people to turn to the Risen Jesus. He is "a guarantee of hope" for those who "feel discouraged about life," he told the faithful.

At the end of the audience, just before giving the Blessing, the Pontiff exhorted the faithful and pilgrims to "turn their gaze towards saint Teresa of Avila whose liturgical memorial we celebrate today. May the example of this great contemplative be an invitation to all to strengthen their spirit of prayer every day. Fixing our gaze on Jesus Christ, the only Savior of the world.

The Risen Christ, "guarantee of hope".

In his address in Italian, the Pope resumed the cycle of catecheses during the Jubilee Year, 'Jesus Christ, our hope', with the theme 'The Risen Lord, living source of human hope'.

"The Risen Christ is a safe harbor on our way! The Risen Christ is the guarantee of this hope which will not be disappointed. He is the perennial source of full life," said Leo XIV.

He accompanies us on the journey of our history, sometimes painful, "and He, who is the goal, leads us home where we are awaited, loved and saved".

"Let us pray to the Lord that those who feel discouraged and tired of life may discover in the Risen One the deep and joy-filled peace that only he can give us," he said.

To English-speaking pilgrims

We seek worldly recognition and, whether we receive it or not, we continue to feel empty, the Pope reflected. "This reveals that we are not truly satisfied with the passing achievements and certainties of this world."

Only the Risen Jesus alone can give us the true and lasting peace that sustains and fills us, Leo XIV taught. "In a world struggling with weariness and despair, let us be signs of hope, peace and joy of the Risen Christ."

He then greeted the English-speaking pilgrims and visitors, adding "and your families", as he had done with the French-speaking pilgrims and visitors at the beginning. 

These were his words: "I am happy to welcome this morning the English-speaking pilgrims and visitors. Especially those from England, Wales, Ireland, Malta, Norway, Uganda, Australia, New Zealand, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Canada and the United States of America. 

With my best wishes and prayers that the current Jubilee of Hope may be for you and your families a time of grace and spiritual renewal. I invoke upon you all the joy and peace of Our Lord Jesus Christ".

Leo XIV waves to a baby from the popemobile as he tours St. Peter's Square at the Vatican prior to the Vigil of Prayer and recitation of the Rosary for Peace on Oct. 11, 2025. (CNS Photo/Lola Gomez).

Support for families and childbirth

In the same vein, during his yesterday's visit to the President of the Italian Republic, Sergio Mattarella, Pope Leo assured that along with peace, the family is at the center of his concerns. He underlined the "significant drop in the birth rate" in Europe. This calls for a commitment to "promote decisions at various levels in favor of the family. Supporting their efforts, promoting their values and protecting their needs and rights".

In his speech, the Vicar of Christ also pointed out "the importance of guaranteeing all families the indispensable support of a dignified job, under fair conditions. And attending to the needs related to maternity and paternity".

Let us do everything possible, he said, "to give confidence to families, especially young families, so that they can look serenely to the future and grow in harmony".

Protection of life

Furthermore, Leo XIV spoke of the protection of life, "in all its stages, from conception to old age, up to the moment of death". 

He also expressed gratitude for the assistance that Italy offers "with great generosity to migrants, who increasingly knock on its doors. As well as for its commitment in the fight against human trafficking".

The Resurrection of Christ transformed history

In his catechesis today, the Pope defined Who the Risen Jesus is for a Christian and for history, and quoted St. Augustine.

"The Risen Jesus is the guarantee of this coming! He is the source that quenches our burning thirst, the infinite thirst for fullness that the Holy Spirit instills in our hearts. The Resurrection of Christ, in fact, is not a simple event in human history, but the event that transformed it from within.

St. Augustine, in the tenth book of the Confessions, "captures this inexhaustible longing of our heart and expresses it in the famous Hymn to Beauty. 'Thou didst exhale thy fragrance, and I breathed, and now I sigh for thee; I tasted of thee, and I hunger and thirst; thou didst touch me, and I burned in thy peace' (X, 27, 38)".

Petition to St. John Paul II for parents and educators

In his words to the Polish-speaking pilgrims, Leo XIV said: "I ask with you the intercession of St. John Paul II, witness of hope and guide for young people. May he inspire teachers, catechists and educators to collaborate with parents in the formation of the conscience of the new generations". The 22nd of this month is the liturgical feast of St. John Paul II.

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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Family

Making sense of the loss of a child in pregnancy

Parents who have lost their children before they were born tell how they faced the pain, defended the dignity of their little ones and found unexpected meaning and fruit in their grief.

Teresa Aguado Peña-October 15, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

"No heartbeat" is a mother's most dreaded phrase when having an ultrasound. "Everything happens so fast. Overnight suddenly you're not pregnant. You go through a lot of grief. And you are tempted to hide it so that no one finds out," says Olatz, mother of 3 children at Cielo e instagramer. Many mothers go through this same experience and decide to abide by the doctors' rules, keep quiet and keep the pain to themselves.

The funeral home In Sailingfor babies who died before or shortly after birth, organized a round table discussion giving voice to this grief. Different couples shared their testimony, defending life from the moment of conception as well as the dignity and meaning of the short life of their children: "When we think that God dreamed each of our children for life, is when we realize that dignity does not depend on the time we spend in this world" says José Manuel, husband of Olatz.

In pregnancies of no more than 14 weeks, the two options given are curettage (uterine aspiration) or through pharmacological treatment with misoprostol, pills for giving birth at home, experiencing severe pain. And the question many parents ask themselves: "What do I do with my child's body? The existing protocol assumes that, when you give birth at home, you are going to flush the baby down the toilet," says José Manuel.

Diana, a mother from Zaragoza, understood the importance of burying her son. "In Zaragoza they knew nothing about it. I had to study the regulations and I spent 12 days in administrative procedures until I was able to bury my son". She was about to throw in the towel but a priest encouraged her to continue: "Maybe your son is a Moses who has to open this path in Zaragoza". For Diana it is also a sign of dignity to name her son, which is why she had to confront the funeral home that wanted to put "abortive remains of Diana Herrera" on the tombstone.

Parents agreed that, on many occasions, they were treated like crazy. They even considered it. When they lose a child so prematurely, they face social incomprehension for mourning the loss of a child that does not exist for most people. José Manuel explains that the natural thing to do is to give their son the place he deserves: to mourn him, give him a name and bury him: "to live it any other way would be unnatural".

Coping with the pain of loss

Manuel says that everything invites us to try to minimize the pain, to run away from it: "But it is a mistake. The pain is there. It is time to be like the Virgin Mary. The Virgin when Jesus Christ was being crucified, scourged, tortured, did not say: 'It doesn't hurt so much, it will pass'. No. It was. And at that moment you assume that you have to be, and that it is something that is there, and that you are going to accompany it and that it is going to stay there, but that it has a meaning." She explains how Our Lady taught her to remain in that suffering.

Despite the pain involved, these parents speak with gratitude and show the fruits of having a child, even if it is unborn: "Pain commands you, it transforms you. When something like this happens, suddenly everything stops. It unmasks you. And you ask yourself, "What are my priorities?" says Manuel. They all agree that such an experience unites the family and changes the perspective: "This pain doesn't finish us off. It unites us and makes us look at something that is above us," says Olatz.

For José Manuel and Olatz, faith "has been everything" in the loss of their three children: "to go through the death of a child has been to enter into direct contact with Heaven. Because we have met a God who has done something better than avoiding suffering, which is to overcome it, to give it meaning and hope". For Olatz, having three children in Heaven is one more incentive to seek holiness and go there to meet them.

The message these parents give to families going through the same thing is: "Do not fall into the trap of minimizing the loss: each child has his or her value and place, and although the suffering may be intense in the short term, he or she deserves all our space, our time and our prayers. This mourning is not a failed project: it is the loss of a son who has gone to Heaven, and recognizing his dignity is fundamental to be able to accompany and honor that memory".

Finally, Olatz stresses the importance of understanding the child as a gift: "God allows us to be co-creators with Him. A child is a miracle. Let us not reduce it to a need, a right or a burden, but to a gift and a gift that is asked for and that can come if we are open to it. But always from the certainty that they are a gift and that we cannot appropriate this gift, which does not belong to marriage, but to God".

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What you didn't know about your mother-in-law and will make you love her

A reflection on love, vulnerability and the life lessons learned from caring for a mother-in-law to the end.

October 15, 2025-Reading time: 4 minutes

It's an ugly word this mother-in-law in Spanish. I don't know why. Curiously, it has remained unchanged for millennia and etymologies find a common Indo-European root "swekru" that makes it very similar in very different languages. 

The word mother-in-law is automatically associated with its clichés: meddlesome, conflictive, domineering... And certainly there are many ways in which the role of mother-in-law can be misused; but it is normal for mothers-in-law to be a very important part of the family, loved and valued in spite of "their things" by sons-in-law and daughters-in-law. 

I have had the good fortune to accompany my mother-in-law in the last years of her life and I have to say that, although they have been hard because her progressive deterioration made her suffer and made it increasingly difficult for us to care for her, I will miss them. As the Pope points out when he refers to the "revolution of care", "there is a beatitude in old age, an authentically evangelical joy, which asks us to break down the walls of indifference that often imprison the elderly". Certainly, I (and the whole family) have felt blessed thanks to my mother-in-law, we have learned a lot and enjoyed her even though her life was no longer "useful" in merely human terms. 

In his recent apostolic exhortation "Dilexi te," Leo XIV makes this concrete by saying, for example, that "the elderly person, with the weakness of her body, reminds us of our vulnerability, even when we seek to hide it behind wellbeing or appearance." All of us, family and friends, who have accompanied her in her long old age have been receiving from her, free of charge, the greatest lesson that can be learned in this life: that we are all vulnerable and that we die! There is no greater rest for a person than to know that he or she does not necessarily have to be able to do everything and to always be able to do everything; that there are times when we must ask for help; that we all need everyone; that money, work or health give us the appearance of security, but that this is very fragile because they are lost from one day to the next; that the family is the best social security; that the prospect of death makes us enjoy life more and open us to transcendence where men and women find answers to their greatest longings....

The Bible gives us several references to mothers-in-law, beginning with the story of Ruth, who showed unparalleled love and loyalty to her mother-in-law Naomi, not abandoning her when they were both widows: "I will go where you go," she said, "I will live where you live; your people will be my people and your God will be my God; I will die where you die, and there I will be buried. I swear before the Lord that only death can separate us"; up to Jesus himself, who makes us appreciate mothers-in-law when he tenderly cured Peter's mother-in-law, his right hand: "bending over her," Luke recounts, "he rebuked the fever, and it passed away; and she arose immediately and began to serve them". 

Scripture also warns us of how dangerous it can be to misunderstand what it means to be a mother-in-law when it advises us: "a man shall leave his father and mother and cleave to his wife...". And the fact is that every new family that is born must break the umbilical cord that unites them to their family of origin because, otherwise, the natural discrepancy of opinions even in the most trivial aspects of life can provoke a real civil war and there are not few divorces that have in the mothers-in-law their detonator. Jesus goes to the extreme of recommending that we should put our faith in the middle ground if it is compromised by affectivity when he says: "Do you think that I have come to bring peace on earth? No, but division. From now on five will be divided in one house: three against two and two against three; father against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against mother-in-law". How many marriages would have been saved if the mother had been cut off in time!

Returning to the beautiful thing about mothers-in-law, there is a fact that I repeat when a friend of mine who has been a father speaks badly about his mother-in-law. I ask him if he loves his children and he naturally replies that he does, that they are the best thing that ever happened to him. Then, I explain to him that before being in his wife's womb, his children were, in a certain sense, in his mother-in-law's womb, because the eggs that a woman will have throughout her life are formed while she is gestated inside her own mother's womb. Thus, the eggs that, once fertilized, gave rise to our children were formed many years earlier, in the womb of their maternal grandmother, your mother-in-law. And they stay in the womb!

Scientific curiosities aside, today I want to break a lance in favor of mothers-in-law, because it hurts me a lot to have lost mine. She gave me the best of my life: my wife, my children, so much learned, cried and laughed. Honoring the mother-in-law is a path of beauty, life and joy, I can attest to whoever asks. That is why, while researching the origin of the word, I was delighted to discover how the French address them as a sign of respect. With nothing less than the name belle-mère (beautiful mother). So today, and without setting a precedent, allow me to say goodbye "French style" with a big Merci belle-mère !

The authorAntonio Moreno

Journalist. Graduate in Communication Sciences and Bachelor in Religious Sciences. He works in the Diocesan Delegation of Media in Malaga. His numerous "threads" on Twitter about faith and daily life have a great popularity.

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Initiatives

Angie, the woman with ALS who transformed her fragility into hope.

Angie, a Venezuelan engineer with ALS, transformed her vulnerability into resilience, inspiring her community and giving rise to the Angie Project, a solidarity initiative that supports families at risk of exclusion in Spain.

Álvaro Gil Ruiz-October 14, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

The Norwegian intellectual and prelate of Trondheim, Erik Varden, stated in a revealing interview with Our Time in the summer of 2024, what may be the "cotton test" of human maturity, when he said: "The more time passes, the more convinced I am that to know if someone is acquiring wisdom..., you have to see if they are able to live in peace while being vulnerable". A clear example of a person who has accepted her limitation with serenity is Angie, who suffers from ALS and is responsible for three children. She lives on rent and has been the inspiration behind a project that helps families at risk of exclusion. 

Who is Angie?

Angie is a young engineer who settled in Vallecas with her family in March 2020, fleeing Venezuela, in the run-up to the great confinement of Spain by COVID-19. 

If it was already complicated to emigrate in times of pandemic, the situation worsened in April 2020 when a cruel disease as cruel as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) appeared without knocking at Angie's door. It was a hard blow for the whole family and friends, at that moment it began to show clearly, that Angie was not going to let herself be discouraged. Her convictions made her reconfigure her life. This brought her family a lot of peace in moments of discouragement and a great joy, it became a blessing this limitation, although it seems a contradiction, because it brought out the best in her.

 He showed them that, as Marian Rojas says, happiness is not in what happens to us, but in how we interpret what happens to us. He was able to be happy and make his people happy. 

She discovered that in the midst of pain she could be a light bulb for many. As the psychiatrist also says: "If you know what you want, what you long for, your mind will show you the way more clearly". And so it was that Angie, without wanting it or drinking it, focused her mission: in her vulnerability she could help others. 

Shortly after, in December of that year, he met his Spanish friends when he participated in a solidarity dinner with his family, organized by the parish of San Raimundo de Peñafort (Entrevías). There he met the "Javieres", the "Marisas", Juan Ramón, Enrique,... They were the volunteers who prepared the dinner and what in time became a second family was born.

Birth of the Angie Project

They decided to organize themselves to help this Venezuelan family. They made a model shopping list, to be replicated with variations, organized shifts and distributed themselves to go monthly to do the shopping and take it home. In these endearing encounters, in which the visitors ended up edified and the visited ones delighted, everyone won. This continued over time and the second family expanded.  

The visits to Angie's house continued and in September 2021 her friends thought, what if we helped more families like Angie, in the same way; doing a little shopping as a family and bringing family warmth to those houses? And so it was that they returned to San Raimundo de Peñafort, where Juanjo, the parish priest, "lent" another second family to be helped. Then Pablo, in San Emilio (La Elipa), provided more families to be part of the project. Then, Jesús and Lorena introduced them to pregnant mothers with few resources... At that time the project was sponsored by the foundation Amigos de Monkole under the name of Proyecto Angie, open to the collaboration of anyone who wants to, as explained in their web.

Amigos de Monkole is focused on aid to the Congo, but has some projects in Spain, such as this one. As Enrique Barrio, director of the foundation, says, poverty is here and there, and many few make a "lot". So, although aid in Africa is very necessary, it is necessary everywhere. Marisa Lara and Toñi Sáez, coordinators of the Angie Project, speak of this gratifying reality, affirming that volunteers who contemplate vulnerability are more comforted than those who are helped, although it may seem to be the other way around.

Books

Humility according to St. Benedict: a guide for living and loving today

In 'Inner Freedom', Joan Chittister, inspired by St. Benedict, invites us to rediscover humility not as a theory, but as a concrete path to inner freedom and maturity in the love of God and others.

José Carlos Martín de la Hoz-October 14, 2025-Reading time: 4 minutes

Many years ago, in 1979, the then Cardinal Luciani of Venice distinguished in an article on St. Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer between a spirituality for the laity and a lay spirituality. The first would be that of St. Francis de Sales and the second that of St. Josemaría.

Logically, it does not make sense to classify spiritualities as good or better, but it does make sense to make sure that you are providing the right spirituality to the audience you have in front of you when you give a means of spiritual formation, deliver a homily, or teach a catechism class.

Humility, the center of the Christian life

On this occasion I wish to refer to an interesting work by Joan D. Chittister on the virtue of humility and more specifically on the degrees of humility as described by St. Benedict in his famous rule.

It is clear that the author, a nun of the Benedictine Abbey of Eric, Pennsylvania, well known for her numerous works of spirituality, simply intends to apply the works of St. Benedict, 6th century, to the United States of the 21st century, without further delay or acclimatization.

Of course, what our author intends to do is to focus her fellow citizens on the virtue of humility, which is the key to personal holiness. As our 16th century classics affirmed: "in humility is truth".

In fact, in the canonization process, the first and most important thing is to read in the Positio about the life, virtues and fame of holiness, how the servant of God has lived charity to a heroic degree, that is, love for God, love for the Church and love for all souls. Not in vain was the commandment of Jesus Christ the commandment of charity. 

But, it is necessary to recognize it from the beginning, then, it is necessary to read the chapter dedicated to the virtue of humility, not only the virtue of theoretical humility: its conception, importance, meaning and scope. But fundamentally, how the servant of God took the blows and humiliations of life, that is, not the theoretical humility of the books and manuals of spiritual theology, but the real and concrete life.

In this sense, the author, after briefly exposing the chaos of life we lead in the West, the multiple and varied occupations, crises and moments of intense ups and downs, stops to make the first accurate analysis of this work: "What we have really lost is the awareness of who we are and what our place in the universe is, and what this means in everything we do" (13).

The virtue of humility in this work is very clearly stated from the very beginning: we must be well centered in the love of God and of souls. With a clear conviction: we mature to the extent that we love.

Next, he will speak to us about the practical element of humility, through the need for an accurate and definite examination of conscience or simply with the mapping of our existence. 

To be humble we need to know how to locate pride on the existential map: where self-love, lack of right intention or the hidden desires of selfishness and superficiality nest.

For this purpose, our author will have recourse to the twelve degrees of the virtue of humility according to St. Benedict. First, she will enunciate them according to what an American might find more intelligible and then she will enunciate them again but according to the original text. The rest of the work will consist of asking these twelve questions or steps to the American society of our time.

Certainly, it would have been more practical to sum it all up with the question suggested by St. Augustine to make an examination of conscience every day of our lives: "What do I seek, Lord, when I seek you? Do I seek me or do I seek you?" (Confessions, X, 6, 9).

The degrees of humility according to St. Benedict

Let us now return to the Rule of St. Benedict written in 520 and its degrees of humility to find some of those degrees that can complete St. Augustine's examination of conscience and help us to focus on God and others and enable the action of grace in our souls and grow in humility.

First of all, we must open our soul to grace in order to discover that God is within us (15) and desires, through love for God and others, to become stronger and deeper within us.

We must immediately discover the profound meaning of the book's title: inner freedom consists in doing things out of love. In this way, we are free to love because humility has freed us from the slavery of self and opened us to self-giving.

We cannot fail to refer to the affirmation of Meister Eckhart: humility and love are "the fruit of nothingness". That is to say, it is when we empty ourselves of ourselves that we can strengthen our love for God and for others.

The affirmation of St. Benedict in his fifth passage is important: "Humility makes us courageous. Once we know who we are, all false illusions of grandeur and all pharisaism die" (47).

Then, in the seventh and eighth steps, he will underline the efficacy for humility that unconditional self-giving to God and to others brings. It is logical: he who empties himself of himself can be filled with love (59). Finally, he will refer to the awakening of the soul to love: to grow in love (73).

Twelve steps to inner freedom

AuthorJoan Chittister
Editorial: Sal Terrae
Pages: 176
Year: 2005

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The World

The feminization of pain in Africa

Ana María Gutiérrez is a nun, doctor and theologian. After several decades working in Africa, in this article she transmits her experience accompanying women who live close to pain and suffering.

Ana Maria Gutierrez-October 14, 2025-Reading time: 5 minutes

As a physician, I have been treating African women in my practice for many years. On a daily basis, I am witness to a type of pain that is very characteristic in Africa and that we have to deal with on a daily basis. It is linked to the female condition. I call it the feminization of pain and has very peculiar characteristics. I will refer to it with some concrete examples:

Sterility

Infertility, whether male or female, is seen socially as a woman's fault. A woman who cannot have children is a woman who is insulted, mistreated, shamed in public by the in-laws or even by her own family. It is a reason for repudiation and abandonment by the husband, or worse, sometimes the husband brings home a second wife, without warning her. She must endure an unwanted polygamy with which the husband seeks to have offspring. All this without any dialogue or decision-making capacity.

The pain of widows

The economic and social exclusion of widows is a complex and unequal problem that manifests itself in different regions of the African continent. The situation of widows in Africa is often marked by a series of prejudices deeply rooted in traditions, social norms and legal systems. These women, faced with the loss of their spouse, are often deprived of rights, access to resources and opportunities, which exposes them to increased vulnerability and considerable difficulties in meeting their needs and those of their families. Some are relatively young, which can condemn them to many years of widowhood.

After the death of her spouse, a woman is likely to experience degrading practices, whether psychological or physical. She may be forced to have sex with other family members, suffer physical violence and public whippings. Other customs include making them drink water from the body where the husband has been washed or shaving their heads. 

In certain regions, for example, in certain tribes in Kenya, the ancient practice of levirate marriage obliges widows to marry one of their deceased husband's brothers in order to continue farming the land. She can appropriate his inheritance and come and live with her: thus, one out of every two African widows remarries a relative of her deceased husband. 

Some widows face an even more difficult fate, especially if they oppose it. They are then marginalized, threatened with forced sex, deprived of all inheritance, sometimes even expelled from the village. If this occurs in a context of conflict, the women must then support their families alone, sometimes in a refugee camp. 

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 50 % of women are widows. Some are also victims of rape and susceptible to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). All these factors contribute to the feminization of poverty. 

We can imagine how much pain there is behind these situations: physical, psychological, social pain, the pain of violated human rights, the pain of inequality, the pain of seeing your own property taken away from you.

These women we see in the office tell us about all this pain and we must take it into account because, many times, the diseases they present to us are somatization of so much pain, which manifests itself in back pain, gastritis, arthritis, headaches, hypertension, etc.

Perinatal bereavement

One pain that we don't pay any attention to in Africa, and which often makes me very uncomfortable, is the pain of the pregnant woman who gives birth to a stillborn child, or a woman who is diagnosed with an intrauterine death. 

In the hospital where I currently work, the medical director does not allow us to inform the woman that the fetus is dead before expulsion because, according to him, the woman begins to grieve and does not push or collaborate in the contractions to expel the fetus. I, who do the ultrasounds, often tell the woman that the child is suffering, that the situation is not good, in order to prepare her in some way.

Subsequently, the woman faces the mourning alone, with no one to deal with her feelings about the loss of her child, whether it was stillborn or died after birth. These are situations where there is a lot of silence and the woman has to manage her feelings alone, or worse, sometimes she is accused of witchcraft and of having evil spirits that have caused the death of the baby. There is a lot of silenced pain in these situations.

Sexual violence

Sadly, I see many cases of sexual violence in girls in my practice. This violence usually occurs in the family environment and is often silenced, so that, in addition to the pain of the rape, there is also the pain of feeling that the parents have not defended her, or that the adults knew about it, but have kept quiet and have done nothing.

Rape is also frequent, either through nighttime home robberies or public cab robberies, culminating in the rape of the victims in an open field, sometimes by several assailants. 

Violence reflects the fragility of the social fabric and the sense of belonging to a community or tribe, as a girl who has been a victim of rape is often subsequently rejected by her own close environment.

Watching a child die for lack of means 

Another pain I deal with on a daily basis is that of seeing a child die due to lack of financial means. How many deaths we see that are avoidable!

Children who die from anemia, malaria, respiratory or intestinal infections, simply because they did not go to the doctor earlier. 

The pain on the faces of mothers when they see their children die is indescribable. It is a pain that remains engraved on the faces of health workers in low-income countries and that also causes us a lot of pain ourselves, because we feel such helplessness. It is a pain that affects, above all, women, since in most cases they are economically dependent on their husbands. This may be because they have no income of their own or, what is even more serious, because their husband does not provide them with the necessary money to take their children to the doctor, often arriving too late. Cases of malnutrition are also observed, due to the lack of sufficient food for their children.

Failure to recognize the dignity of women

Sometimes the woman is seen as an object. She has to be, in most cases, available to her husband for whatever he wants, wherever and however he wants. 

Women have no say in the family. It is men who decide in most cases, although it is true that there are always exceptions. 

Types of suffering

The sufferings of African women can be of various kinds. The first pain that physicians must accompany is physical, but it is not the most important. In Africa, especially in chronic disease, there is a lot of pain: highly advanced AIDS, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis, poorly controlled diabetes, cancer, natural disasters and conflicts. This pain can be physical, but above all there is a global suffering of diverse origin.

-Physical pain. Many times, due to lack of means or erroneous beliefs, a lot of pain is endured. In my clinical practice I always say that "pain is not endured, it is fought".

-Refractory symptoms. In chronic diseases or palliative care there are symptoms that are very difficult to control: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, asthenia, neuropathic pain. Since they cannot be eliminated, they generate suffering.

-Economic suffering. The sick person does not produce and is a burden on the family. Often there is no money to pay for lifelong treatment (diabetes, hypertension), leading to serious decompensations such as diabetic coma or stroke.

-Psychological suffering. At the end of life, the person feels his death close, expressing it with rejection, anger, depression, sadness or aggressiveness. This is compounded by the fear of witchcraft and accusations that many sick people suffer, which plunges them into greater pain.

-Spiritual suffering. In the face of gravity, vital questioning arises: "what have I done with my life?". The image of God, the fear of judgment and the desire for sacraments weigh on believers. Also the pain for lack of reconciliation with close relatives, which sometimes the disease allows to restore.

-Social isolation. People with chronic diseases with sequelae live in isolation and suffer a "social death". Some patients with festering pathologies are isolated even in their own homes.

The authorAna Maria Gutierrez

Slave of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Physician and Theologian

Culture

Catholic Scientists: César Nombela, microbiologist

César Nombela, microbiologist, former president of CSIC and university professor, passed away on October 14, 2022. This series of short biographies of Catholic scientists is published thanks to the collaboration of the Society of Catholic Scientists of Spain.

Society of Catholic Scientists-October 14, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

César Nombela was a Spanish microbiologist who was born in Carriches, Toledo, and studied Pharmacy and Chemical Sciences at the Complutense University of Madrid, receiving his PhD from the University of Salamanca in 1972. After that, he was a postdoctoral researcher with the Spanish Nobel Prize in Medicine Severo Ochoa at the University of New York, and later at the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology in New Jersey. He returned to Spain to work as a researcher at the Institute of Biochemical Microbiology of the CSIC in Salamanca, and in 1981 he obtained the chair of Microbiology at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Complutense University of Madrid.

His research in molecular microbiology focused on model microorganisms such as yeasts. He investigated cell wall biogenesis, signal transduction in the cell, microbial virulence factors, and applications for the production of recombinant proteins. He was among the first to apply genomic and proteomic technologies in Spain, directing the first extraordinary chair of Genomics and Proteomics in a Spanish university. He created and directed the Automated DNA Sequencing Center of the Complutense University of Madrid.

He was the author of more than 180 original research papers, and supervised more than 30 doctoral theses, in addition to numerous articles for dissemination and public debate in newspapers, in areas such as bioethics and university and science policy.

In terms of positions held, apart from those mentioned above, he was President of the Spanish Society of Microbiology and of the European Federation of Microbiological Societies. He was also President of the CSIC and rector of the Menéndez Pelayo University.

He has always been concerned with the field of bioethics, being a member of the International Bioethics Committee of UNESCO and of the first Bioethics Committee of Spain, as well as president of the Advisory Committee on Ethics for Scientific and Technological Research of Spain.

He defined himself as a "Christian scientist" and always exemplified in his life the compatibility and harmony of these two vital aspects. He was a member of the Society of Catholic Scientists, as well as of its Spanish section, the Sociedad Española de Científicos Católicos.

The authorSociety of Catholic Scientists

Evangelization

Blessed Alexandrina da Costa, and Saints Theophilus of Antioch and Florentius of Thessaloniki

The liturgy celebrates on October 13 the Blessed Alexandrina da Costa, from Porto (Portugal), who saved her purity by throwing herself out of a window, with serious damage to her spine. She had a great devotion to the Virgin of Fatima. And also to Saints Theophilus of Antioch (2nd century), and Florentius of Thessalonica, in present-day Greece, among others.  

Francisco Otamendi-October 13, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

The Portuguese Alejandrina Maria da Costa was born in Balazar (Porto, Portugal) in 1904. In 1918, to save her purity threatened by a man, she did not hesitate to jump out of a window from a height of four meters, hurting her spine. Her paralysis progressed until, in 1925, she became bedridden. Until 1928 she did not stop asking the Lord, through the intercession of Our Lady, for the grace of healing, but then she understood that suffering was her vocation.

During this period, the Blessed Alexandrina had the first mystical phenomena She had an extraordinary union with Jesus in the Tabernacle. From 1942 she lived only on the Eucharist. She died in Balazar on October 13, 1955, the anniversary of the last apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Our Lady of Fatimato whom she was very devoted. She was beatified in 2004 by St. John Paul II.

St. Theophilus, sixth bishop of Antioch

In 169, St. Theophilus was the sixth bishop of Antioch of Syria. He was a pagan, and had accepted the faith in Jesus Christ thanks to the examples of believers and the study of the Scriptures. He wrote extensively to defend the truths of the faith against the errors and heresies of the time. 

He governed his church with prudence and wisdom, and wrote several works full of erudition. The work entitled 'The Three Books a Autolytic', a pagan friend of his, who had criticized his conversion. In it, Theophilus presents arguments to defend the Christian faith through reason and Revelation. St. Theophilus fought against the heresy of Marcion. He died around 185.

On October 13, the liturgy also celebrates Saint Florentius. In Thessalonica, a city of Macedonia (in present-day Greece), after subjecting him to various torments, he was burned alive because of his Christian faith, in the 3rd century.

Also commemorated on this day are the Cordovan martyrs Faustus, Jenarius and Martial, during the persecution of Diocletian, in the 4th century.

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

The Vatican

Vatican announces establishment of tribunal against Marko Rupnik

The canonical process is moving forward following Pope Francis' decision to lift the statute of limitations on the case in 2023.

Editorial Staff Omnes-October 13, 2025-Reading time: < 1 minute

Marko Rupnik, the world-famous Slovenian priest and artist, will finally face a formal canonical trial at the Vatican over serious allegations of sexual, spiritual and power abuse against nuns of the Loyola community of Ljubljana.

The scandal, which began in the 1980s, shook the Catholic Church. Although the initial accusations faced a statute of limitations, Pope Francis ordered the statute of limitations lifted to allow the trial to proceed.

Latest development in the process

The Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith has announced the appointment of the five judges who will make up the Tribunal in charge of this case.

To guarantee the autonomy and independence of the investigation, the tribunal will be composed of women and clerics who do not hold any office in the Dicastery or in other bodies of the Roman Curia.

Context of the case

The victims allege that Rupnik, known for his mosaics in shrines around the world (including the Vatican), used his position as spiritual director to commit the abuses.

Rupnik was expelled from the Society of Jesus in June 2023 for his "obstinate refusal to respect the vow of obedience" and the precautionary measures imposed on him.

The case has generated a huge debate about what to do with Rupnik's many works of art. Some shrines, such as the one in Lourdes, have chosen to cover or de-illuminate their mosaics in solidarity with the victims.

The victims of the former Jesuit, to whom the Society of Jesus has offered a process of reparation, have been waiting for years for justice, a step that now seems to be realized with the formation of this Tribunal. Rupnik has not publicly responded to the accusations.

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Culture

ReContraHumanos, a podcast that dares to ask the essential questions

We spoke with Manuel de la Chica about his podcast, which explores philosophy, art and spirituality to discover how to live being more human.

Nicolas Lopez Campos-October 13, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

How can we live more humane lives, what makes a life worth living? These are the questions that animated Manuel de la Chica to start your podcast "ReContraHumans". Through various interviews, he seeks to find humanity: "this podcast proposes to listen to those who have sought meaning for their lives in books, art or spirituality in order to live being more human". He started in June and has already published a first season of one episode every 15 days. We spoke with him about his initiative.

How is it born ReContraHumans And what were you looking to contribute to the world with this project? 

-The idea of starting a podcast had been with me for a few months [I've been listening to podcasts for more than ten years and last year I defended a doctoral thesis on them], but I didn't take the plunge until May. I had been producing podcasts for the Hakuna Foundation's Soul College for a few months, but I always wanted more. I wanted to talk to people who, because of the subject matter, were outside of what we were recording and I wanted to do something more personal, something that was more in line with my concerns and my topics of interest. When planning the topics and guests for the first season of ReContraHumanos, I thought more about the people I wanted to talk to, because it seemed to me that they had something to say to the world, than about those who could listen to it, because I didn't know who it would reach.

The title already suggests a provocation: What does it mean to you to be "re-human"?

-It means to be very, very, human. The name comes from the influence of several Argentine friends. For them, using "re" as a prefix is like adding a "muy". And when they want to emphasize it more, they use a "recontra". In addition, one of these friends told me about Juan Pablo Berra, an Argentine philosopher, who talks about the "re-con-tra-human method". That is, to be authentically human we need to register what we live, become aware of it and, from there, we will be able to transform our lives. Both inspirations share something that the theology of the body discovered for me: that the lives we live, wounded by sin, are not as human as we think. The authentic human life is the redeemed life. And here spirituality plays a fundamental role, but also beauty, goodness and truth.

Your episodes deal with philosophy, spirituality, literature, art... What unites all these fields in the search for human meaning? What have you learned from your guests about what it means to be a person?

-All these experiences are profoundly human and, therefore, are ways that man has within his reach to understand himself as a being distinct from the rest of creation and called to an alliance with his Creator. I would say that all of them speak of the fact that there are always new ways from and in which to live this personal relationship. Because love -and here desires and the way they manifest themselves play a key role- is also creative and always opens new paths.

    Do you believe that spirituality, far from being something marginal, is still an essential path to understand the human being in depth?

    -Yes, spirituality is indispensable to know the human being. But spirituality as an abstract and disincarnated entity would not be enough to know him. In fact, this disincarnated spirituality breaks man from the inside. From the moment God chose to become a man in order to communicate with men, the human being has to enter into the human in order to know God. Spirituality, if it wants to be true to itself, can only be true to itself in the incarnate. And, therefore, there is nothing in the incarnated human that is alien to it. And that includes the arts, philosophy... All that which in the tradition is known as the humanities.

    How do you value the reception that ReContraHumanos is having? Did you expect this interest?

    -It's been beautiful. Not only because of the numbers on Spotify -which says that more than 1200 different people have listened to it- but, above all, because of specific messages from followers of the podcast who send me photos of their notes or tell me that they have listened to an episode several times. For me that means a concrete face with whom I can establish a personal relationship. Since I put a face to those people, I know who I'm talking to on the podcast. And I also know that these people care about me and look forward to the next episode, because stopping to write to you, sharing an episode or commenting on it after listening to it is a sign that that hour of listening has helped them to recognize something of that message in their own life experience and that they are called to a transformation.

    If you had to leave our readers with just one idea, what does it mean to "live being more human"?

    -I would tell them that it means living in greater awareness of the mystery that is our life and of the greatness of the vocation to which we have been called. In the words of John Paul II, each person is "partner of the Absolute", and that means to be a companion -one who shares the bread with- God, called to continue co-creating the world with Him, to rescue beauty and joy in it. Because we were created for a love that we will never understand, but in which we can immerse ourselves to enjoy it more. 

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    Culture

    The Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba, a symbol of transculturality

    A journey through al-Andalus, the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba and the Sephardic heritage that still remains in the history and identity of the Mediterranean.

    Gerardo Ferrara-October 13, 2025-Reading time: 5 minutes

    The idea of writing this article came to me when I saw on television the terrible images of the fire in the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba last August 8. Those flames made me think about how fragile such a unique heritage can be, which runs the risk of being destroyed by a simple accident.
    Cordoba. The Mosque-Cathedral. The Alcazar. The gardens. The Guadalquivir. It all reminded me of when, during my studies at the University of Granada in 2000 (the same year I had studied in Tunisia) and in 2001, in the Department of Arabic Philology, I visited that extraordinary monument several times, a symbol of coexistence between contrasts and differences.

    And my mind also returned to the city of García Lorca, to its Moorish style, to the white and blue houses of the Realejo, among whose narrow streets I liked to lose myself at sunset, to the Albaicín, to the Alhambra, to the Sierra Nevada. And above all to something I will never forget: the scent of orange blossoms that flooded my nostrils and that, when I returned to Granada a few years later, almost moved me.
    On the history of al-Andalus, and especially of the Sephardic Jews, I had the opportunity to speak in Spanish on the podcast "Etzlil".

    Al-Andalus: The Golden Age

    There is a date engraved in the historical memory of Spain: 711, when the Arab and Berber armies led by Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed the Strait of Gibraltar, which took its name from Tariq (Jabal Tariq, in Arabic: Mount of Tariq), defeating the Visigoths.

    From that moment on, a large part of Spain (and not only Andalusia) became al-Andalus, a bridge between East and West, especially between the 9th and 11th centuries: the "golden age", a time when it was a laboratory of coexistence, science and critical thinking: Muslim philosophers and physicians, such as Averroes or Abulcasis, drank from Greek knowledge, with Jews and Christians translating texts that would later be fundamental for medieval and Renaissance Europe.

    At the heart of this universe was Cordoba, capital of the Umayyads in exile, which in the 10th century was one of the largest cities in the world: half a million inhabitants, libraries with hundreds of thousands of volumes, doctors, philosophers, poets and merchants animated a cosmopolitan and tolerant society.
    But at a certain point this economic, cultural and social prosperity began to falter, for two main reasons.

    The first was the so-called "closing of the iŷtihād doors." (from the same root as ŷihād), the interpretative effort of the sharia that had allowed Islam in the first centuries to develop philosophy, science, law and the arts, favoring a fruitful dialogue with other cultures as well. Precisely between the eleventh and twelfth centuries, on the other hand, the idea prevailed that there was nothing more to elaborate: Muslim jurists declared the "gates of iŷtihād" closed and the great philosophical syntheses of Avicenna and Averroes gave way to a more rigid religiosity, based on "taqlīd," imitation and repetition of previous interpretations, with no further possibility of innovation.

    The fragmentation of the Taifa kingdoms and the Almoravid and Almohad invasions further accelerated the decline.

    In this context of crisis, minorities (Christians and Jews) also found themselves in increasingly difficult conditions.

    The second major reason, favored by the first, was obviously the Spanish Reconquest, which culminated with the capture of Granada in 1492, the same year of Columbus' departure for the Americas and the Edict of the Alhambra.

    A mosaic of cultures and traditions

    The society of al-Andalus was a true mosaic. Muslims were the majority, but not all were Arabs; in fact, the latter were but a tiny elite. The Islamic masses, mostly peasants and soldiers, were Berbers and "muwalladun", Iberian Christians converted to Islam. Then there were the Mozarabs, who remained Christian but assimilated to the Arabs in customs and rite (which still survives) and spoke a Romance language rich in Arabisms, and finally the Jews.

    Christians and Jews were considered "dhimmi", protected subjects who, in exchange for a special tax ("ŷizya"), could continue to practice their religion and organize themselves autonomously, although without enjoying full rights.

    The languages that resounded in the streets of al-Andalus were the classical Arabic of administration and culture, the Mozarabic of the assimilated Christians, the Hebrew of the synagogues and poetry, and Judeo-Spanish (Ladino).

    With the Reconquest, the Mozarabs dispersed throughout the rest of Spain, influencing the architecture and language, while many Muslims and Jews were forced to convert: they were the so-called "mudéjares" (converted Muslims) and "marranos" or "conversos" (Jews), who often continued to practice their ancient faith in secret, becoming privileged targets of the feared Spanish Inquisition.

    The Jews

    Among the most prominent communities of al-Andalus was the Sephardic Jewish community (from Sepharad, Spain in Hebrew). Although they were less than 10 % of the population, Jews contributed decisively, as physicians, merchants, poets and civil servants, to cultural and scientific life.

    From this community emerged figures such as Moses Maimonides (1135-1204), great philosopher and physician, and Rabbi Yehuda Halevi (1075-1141), physician and poet, who sang in Hebrew and Arabic the nostalgia of Zion with verses of moving beauty.

    In 1492, the year of the fall of Granada and the Catholic Monarchs' Edict of Expulsion, the Jewish presence in Spain came to an end: hundreds of thousands of Jews were forced into exile, taking with them, in their diaspora throughout the Mediterranean, few material goods but an immense spiritual and cultural heritage. The rest converted to Christianity.

    The red thread that held the dispersed communities together was the Judeo-Spanish language (Ladino), an archaic Castilian that accompanied daily life in lullabies, prayers and family stories.

    The Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba

    The Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba was built from 785, by will of the emir Abd al-Rahman I, fled from Syria after the fall of the Umayyads in Damascus. It was built on the site of an ancient Visigothic basilica. The emir bought the land and began a work that in the following centuries his successors would enlarge until it became the largest mosque in the Islamic West.

    Roman columns and Visigothic capitals were reused to create a "forest" of overlapping arches, white and red, which still amazes visitors today. With al-Hakam II (10th century), at the height of the caliphate, a new mihrab richly decorated with Byzantine mosaics was built.
    In 1236 the city was conquered by Ferdinand III of Castile and the mosque was consecrated as a cathedral. In the following centuries chapels were added and, in the 16th century, the Renaissance nave that cuts in two the forest of Islamic columns. Charles V, upon seeing it, would have commented: "You have destroyed what was unique to build what can be found anywhere".

    The attempt to merge Islamic and Christian architecture may seem forced, but it makes the Mosque-Cathedral a unique monument, more a hybrid than a mosque or a cathedral in itself: it represents a monument to transculturality and a symbol of relations, not always easy, between communities, ethnic groups and religions, which shows how much they can still coexist today, because they did so in the past.

    If I think of Andalusia, of the scent of orange blossom, of the white villages, of the mosque with the forest of columns grafted onto an ancient church and interrupted by the nave of another church, of the synagogues and cathedrals, I think of my identity: an interweaving of Andalusia and Italy, of Greece, Christianity, Judaism and Islam. An identity made of overlapping layers, sometimes harmonious, sometimes in contrast, like the history of the Mediterranean itself. It is as if those songs -Jewish, Muslim, Mozarabic, Byzantine, Roman- still resonate within me, a fragile and precious heritage worth preserving.

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    The Vatican

    Pope Leo XIV: Palestinians and Israelis must see each other as brothers and sisters

    With the beginning of the first phase of a peace agreement between Israel and Gaza, Pope Leo XIV prayed this Sunday in Peter's Square for a just and lasting peace that respects all peoples. Palestinians and Israelis "must rediscover in each other a brother or sister," he said, even if it now seems "humanly impossible."  

    CNS / Omnes-October 12, 2025-Reading time: 5 minutes

    - Carol Glatz, Vatican City, CNS

    "We implore God, the only Peace of humanity, to heal all wounds and to help with his grace to achieve what now seems humanly impossible. To rediscover that the other is not an enemy, but a brother or sister to be seen, forgiven and offered the hope of reconciliation," the Pope said on October 12, referring to Israelis and Palestinians.

    "A spark of hope in the Holy Land."

    Before praying the Àngelus after the Mass in St. Peter's Square, at the Jubilee of Marian Spirituality, the Pope stressed that "the agreement to initiate the peace process has produced a spark of hope in the Holy Land".

    Led by U.S. President Donald J. Trump, the first phase of the agreement was approved by Israel and Hamas. The plan includes a ceasefire, hostage and prisoner exchanges, and humanitarian aid for Gaza.

    The Israeli army declared that it initiated a ceasefire in Palestinian territory on October 10 and is withdrawing from parts of the Gaza Strip. Further negotiations are expected to take place to define the details of the next phases of the peace agreement.

    Gaza: to courageously pursue the path of choice

    Pope Leo XIII affirmed: "I encourage the parties involved to courageously pursue the path they have chosen, towards a just and lasting peaceThe company has also been asked by the Israeli government to "respect the legitimate aspirations of the Israeli and Palestinian peoples".

    "Two years of conflict have caused death and destruction throughout the country, especially in the hearts of those who have brutally lost their children, parents, friends and possessions," he said. "With the whole Church, I join in their immense grief."

    "The Lord's gentle touch is especially addressed to you today, with the certainty that even in the midst of the deepest darkness, He always remains with us: 'Dilexi teI have loved you,'" the Pope said, referring to his first major document, published on October 9.

    Pilgrims filled St. Peter's Square at the Vatican shortly before Pope Leo XIV's Mass commemorating the Jubilee of Marian Spirituality on October 12, 2025. (CNS Photo/Lola Gomez)

    Ukraine: call for an end to violence

    Pope Leo then expressed his sorrow for "the recent violent attacks that affected several cities and civilian infrastructure in Ukraine, causing the death of innocent people, including children, and leaving many families without electricity and heating."

    The AFP news agency reported that Russia launched drone and missile strikes in Ukraine on October 11, killing at least five people, damaging part of the energy infrastructure and cutting power supplies to parts of the southern Odessa region.

    "My heart goes out to those who suffer, to those who have been living in anguish and deprivation for years," Pope Leo said. "I renew my appeal to put an end to violence, to stop the destruction, to open ourselves to dialogue and peace."

    True faith transforms

    In his homily at the Jubilee Mass of Marian Spirituality, which began earlier in the day, Pope Leo XIV noted that Christians must avoid using their faith to label those who are different - often the poor - as enemies to be avoided and shunned.

    "Some forms of worship do not foster communion with others and can numb our hearts," he said.

    "Mary's path follows that of Jesus, who leads us to encounter every human being, especially the poor, the wounded and sinners," Pope Leo added. "For this reason, authentic Marian spirituality brings to light in the Church the tenderness of God, his way of being a mother."

    Jesus, in the center

    Marian spirituality, "which nourishes our faith, has Jesus at its center," Pope Leo said in his homily. Remembering Jesus Christ is the important thing.

    "Sunday's celebration, therefore, should make us Christians," he said. "It should fill our thoughts and feelings with the burning memory of Jesus and transform our way of living together and our way of inhabiting the earth."

    The Pope reflected on the Gospel of the day, where Jesus healed ten lepers (Lk 17:11-19). Although they all came to him and were healed, only one, a stranger, thanked Jesus and glorified God.

    "The lepers in the Gospel who do not return to give thanks remind us that God's grace can touch us and find no response," he said. "It can heal us, but we still may not accept it." "Let us beware, then, of going up to the temple in a way that does not lead us to follow Jesus," he said.

    Events and places blessed by God

    "Dear friends, in a world that seeks justice and peace, let us revive Christian spirituality and popular devotion to the events and places blessed by God that have changed the face of the earth forever," he said finally.

    "Let us use them as an engine of renewal and transformation," he said, especially during the Holy Year, which stimulates conversion, restitution, reflection and liberation.

    Pope Leo XIV incenses the original statue of Our Lady of Fatima, during the Jubilee Mass of Marian Spirituality in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican, October 12, 2025 (CNS Photo/Lola Gomez).

    Petitions to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

    "Holy Virgin, Mother of Christ, our hope," she concluded, "your solicitous presence in this Year of Grace accompanies us and consoles us and gives us, in the dark nights of history, the certainty that in Christ evil is conquered and every man is redeemed by his love," she affirmed.

    "To your Immaculate Heart we entrust the whole world and all humanity, especially your children, tormented by the scourge of war," she said. "Advocate of grace, advise us on the path of reconciliation and forgiveness. Do not cease to intercede for us, in joy and in sorrow, and obtain for us the gift of peace that we insistently implore."

    Associations inspired by Marian devotion

    Before reciting the Angelus, Leo XIV addressed the more than fifty thousand faithful and pilgrims who filled St. Peter's Square and the Via della Conciliazione for this Jubilee of Marian Spirituality. 

    "You represent the multifaceted reality of associations, movements and communities inspired by Marian devotion, proper to every Christian. I thank you and urge you to always base your spirituality on Sacred Scripture and the Tradition of the Church."

    And he greeted "all the groups of pilgrims, especially the Augustinian laity from Italy and the Secular Order of the Discalced Carmelites".

    He also had words for the "dear" people of Peru "in this moment of political transition". And for the victims of industrial accidents, a growing tragedy that is being commemorated today in Italy with a special day.

    The authorCNS / Omnes

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    Family

    Christian response to transgender counterculture

    U.S. Bishop Daniel E. Thomas has explained the doctrine of the Church in the face of transgender culture, affirming that the body reveals the person as male or female, in opposition to the gender ideology that is based on feelings.

    José Miguel Granados-October 12, 2025-Reading time: 4 minutes

    In a lengthy pastoral letter, entitled in English The Body Reveals the Person: A Catholic Response to the Challenges of Gender Ideology, The Body Reveals the Person: A Catholic Response to the Challenges of Gender Ideology.published last August, Bishop Daniel E. Thomas, current ordinary of the Diocese of Toledo in the United States, offers an articulate, doctrinally and scientifically documented response to the pressing and sometimes distressing issue of transgender practices that have become widespread in many so-called first world nations.

    The influence of culture

    The prelate explains that the so-called "gender ideology" is based on the erroneous premise that sexual identity does not depend on biological reality but on individual feelings and desires, often contaminated by the widespread materialistic, emotivist and hedonistic counterculture.

    Therefore, this misconception rejects the obvious male/female distinction as discriminatory and claims an alleged right to medical interventions to "affirm" the sexual identity chosen by each individual, even against common sense. Moreover, it violently and intolerantly encourages the "cancellation" of those who defend the existence of personal and moral truths inscribed in the reality of bodily human nature.

    The bishop refutes the "dogmas" of such ideology -which spreads strongly in society and in the laws passed by the various parliaments- with Jason Evert's apt statement: "you were not born in the wrong body, but in the wrong culture". 

    The problem is serious. Currently, one in four teens in the United States declares themselves "LGTBQ." And irreversible transgender surgeries on teens tripled in that country between 2016 and 2020. The personal and social destruction of this praxis is heartbreaking. This has been courageously and clearly denounced by journalist Abigaíl Shrier (Irreversible damage: Transgender madness seducing our daughters), and psychologists and university professors José Errasti - Marino Pérez Álvarez (No one is born in the wrong body).

    The teaching of the Church

    The pastoral letter recalls, for its part, the fundamental principles of the "unitive anthropology" taught by the Catholic Church, namely:

    • the body reveals the person, who is unconditionally loved by God, as male or female;
    • the human body is sacred, the image of God and, since the reception of the sacrament of baptism, the temple of the Holy Spirit (cf. 1 Cor 3:16);
    • people do not have bodies, are The biblical accounts of creation affirm the goodness of the human body, which is to be respected and cared for, for it possesses absolute dignity and a destiny of eternal glory in the resurrection of the flesh (cf. CIC992-1004);
    • the original masculinity and femininity sustain the spousal meaning of the human body, which contains an intrinsic call to reciprocal self-giving in order to form a conjugal communion of faithful and fruitful love.

    Moreover, John Paul II explained in his splendid "Catechesis on the Theology of the Body" that the predominance of concupiscence makes it difficult to understand the essentially human value of the body, so that - in the distorted inner perception - it demeans it, depersonalizes it and treats it as a mere object of use and manipulation, denigrating human relationships and the social configuration. However, the good news of the redemption of the body and heart accomplished by Christ allows us to discover that "where sin abounded, grace abounded much more" (Rom 5:20). 

    Instead, for the "dualistic anthropology" that is at the basis of gender and transgender ideology, the human body would be infra-personal, mere manipulable material, an object that can be radically reconstructed through technology.

    Thus, for the LGBTQ doctrine, the "assignment" of masculine or feminine identity, according to the natural biological objectivity of sex, would be a mere label arbitrarily imposed; instead, surprisingly, subjective feelings would be the ones that shape the constructed reality. This distorted vision supposes the triumph of irrational arbitrariness. 

    Starting from Biology

    In fact, feelings are themselves changeable and unstable, while sexuality determines each of the cells of the body, and underlies the conformation of psychology, so that in reality it is impossible to change the sex of a person. For in every human being, all the cells from conception are XY if male and XX if female, and this conditions his or her entire endocrine system. There are only very rare cases of hermaphrodites who have double sex or Turner syndrome, which is a chromosomal alteration.

    Good medicine does not obey feelings, but objective, scientifically contrasted reality. Surgeries and other hormonal "therapies" of sex change produce irreversible damage and mutilations in people and in their healthy organs. For this reason, many countries are rectifying and prohibiting these unnatural therapeutic interventions in order to prioritize psychotherapy, which can promote the healing and maturation of the personality.

    Just as it would be an aberrant medical practice to obey the unacceptable demands of a patient with anorexia or a personality disorder, neither should medical professionals support requests contrary to therapeutic principles from those who absurdly demand castration.

    The influence of the cultural context

    The social and media pressure exerted by the ideologues of the lobby The use of the gender pronouns "homophobes, transphobes and haters" as insulting and criminalizing labels for those who do not accept their aprioristic and unfounded postulates. Moreover, in fairness the inappropriate use of gender pronouns demanded by "trans people" should be avoided as untruthful, confusing and harmful to human beings and to society. 

    Finally, the North American prelate expresses - quoting number 56 of the apostolic exhortation of Pope Francis Amoris laetitiae- what are the doctrinal principles and pastoral attitudes that the Church, mother and teacher, should adopt in these complex and difficult situations: on the one hand, the whole of civil and ecclesial society is called to show sincere and cordial closeness to people who suffer intensely because of the various forms of gender dysphoria; but, on the other hand, it must not give in to the pressures of groups that postulate systems contrary to human nature.

    Moreover, divine grace always allows us to recognize the goodness of the body and also to assume the various sufferings endured, united to the redemptive cross of Christ (cf. Col 1:24).

    If the Catholic Church were to stop defending and proclaiming these fundamental truths it would cause grave harm to the faithful, and especially to people struggling to overcome gender confusion, influenced by harmful ideologies.

    In the face of the spread of dehumanizing currents, we Christians must second the divine call to a general mobilization in favor of a culture of care for life, marriage and the family. The good news of Jesus Christ, the incarnate and redeeming Word, is the foundation of evangelizing hope and the prevalence of God's original plan.

    Evangelization

    The history of the Virgin of Pilar: miracles and rivalries

    In his new book, Carlos Urzainqui explores the history, legends and popular devotion to the Virgin of Pilar, spiritual symbol of the Hispanic world and a reference of faith in the Catholic world.

    Carlos Urzainqui Biel-October 12, 2025-Reading time: 4 minutes

    In reality, and always according to tradition, the Virgin Mary visited Santiago Apostle on the banks of the Ebro River, at the height of the then Roman colony of Caesaraugusta, in a cold dawn of January 2 of the year 40 of our Era. That is, in fifteen years will be commemorated the 2,000 of that miracle, which is still remembered every half day from the loudspeakers of the Basilica of the Pilar in Zaragoza.

    It is for this reason that, every 2nd of each month, the Virgin does not wear any mantle and is exhibited to the devotion of the faithful on her column of Jasper, covered by a silver sheath and that was brought by her from Jerusalem on that distant night, and that the devotees can venerate at the back of the Camarin. Still, every night from January 1 to 2, a ceremony similar to the Midnight Mass is celebrated in the basilica, recalling her coming in mortal flesh.

    The birth of a party

    However, until the 17th century, the day of the Pilar was celebrated on August 15, the feast of the Assumption. The professor of the University of Zaragoza, Mr. Guillermo Fatás Cabeza, published an article entitled "La fiesta mariana del 15 de agosto" ("El Mirador"). Heraldo de AragónThe letter was published on Sunday, August 18, 2024) in which he recalled that the feast of the Assumption of Our Lady is a feast that in Aragon, since the time of the Crown in the Middle Ages, has an important implantation and that on this day, the Collegiate of Pilar celebrated the dedication of the Church "...".in nomime propio"until the Sacred Congregation of the Rites in the Vatican prohibited, on June 10, 1610, such rite. Ordering that it be done in the name of the Metropolitan (La Seo) and that the Mass be moved to October 12, as was done in the other churches of the Archdiocese. With the support of the Council of Zaragoza, which had been at odds with the canons of La Seo since time immemorial.

    The people of the Pilar managed to celebrate their dedication feast; moving it from August 15, which was the traditional feast of the Pilar, to October 12. This happened in 1613. On the other hand, October 12 in Zaragoza had been celebrated since 1119, since on that day and in that year the Aljama Mosque was consecrated as a Christian cathedral under the invocation of the Savior and the feast of San Valero was also institutionalized on that day as the patron saint of the city, and on those same dates, the most important fair of the year was celebrated in the city, the festivities of El Pilar are still called "Las Ferias del Pilar" because it coincided with the beginning of autumn, when all the agricultural work in the Ebro valley had been done, the mountain cattle had already gone back down to the Ribera in their transhumant cycle and the sowing work for the following year was beginning; That is to say, one economic year was ending, another one was beginning and the first days of autumn were used to make the annual purchases for the winter.

    The situation only worsened, with some canons confronting the others and the archbishop in the middle. Such was the crisis that King Philip III had to intervene and the canons of the Seo had to give in. San Valero would continue to be patron saint of the city, but would have to share his patronage with the Virgin of Pilar and the feast of the Visigoth bishop would be moved to January 29 until today, while October 12 was institutionalized as the day of the Pilar and Zaragoza would have two cathedrals but a single unified chapter. Thus, the day of the Pilar on October 12 has been celebrated uninterruptedly since 1613, the year in which the City Council declared that date a holiday. The Virgin was not the patron saint of the city until May 27, 1642. This happened two years after the Miracle of Calanda. In addition, the patronage will be extended to all of Aragon in 1678 by decree of the Cortes of the Kingdom. Charles II will obtain from Pope Clement X in 1676, the Bull of union of both councils in one for both cathedrals residing half the year in the Seo del Salvador and the other half in the Pilar.

    In the background of this rivalry was the preeminence of both temples. According to the canons of the Pilar, their church was the oldest in Zaragoza, since it was at least in worship since the 7th century under the invocation of Santa María la Mayor, while the Cathedral is later, from the 12th century, and unlike Santa María del Pilar, there had been an interruption of at least 400 years of Catholic worship.

    The consolidation of Pilar Day and its legacy

    Differences aside, the 12th of October was consolidated as the feast of the Pilar in the middle of the 17th century. It was at the end of the 19th century when the date was declared a National Holiday on the occasion of the Fourth Centenary of the discovery of America and at the beginning of the 20th century the devotion to the Virgin was associated with the Fiesta de la Hispanidad or Fiesta de la Raza, as it was then called -the concept of Hispanidad is later-. Around that time she became the patron saint of the Escuela de Guardias Jóvenes and later of the Guardia Civil. The national flags of the American countries that surround the Holy Chapel, were brought by their respective ambassadors in 1908 after being paraded in a brilliant and exciting ceremony through the streets of Zaragoza, from that same period is the title of "Captain General" granted by the then monarch Alfonso XIII.

    The current format of the day of the Pilar, with its famous offering of flowers, dates from 1958 and in the last quarter of the twentieth century the day of the Pilar also became a celebration of Aragonese exaltation. It will be in the XXI century when the idea of Hispanidad is strongly retaken with the presence of many American countries in the Offering and the election of one of them as guest.

    The day of the Pilar is a moment of enormous popular religiosity, in which the feelings of a people converge with the sacred offices in honor of the Virgin. The day begins with the Mass of Infants, which is attended by many pilgrims who have spent the night walking from their places of origin, some 30 and 40 kilometers away to reach the temple. After the Mass, the Rosary of the Dawn will enter the Basilica, and when it leaves the Pilar, the offering will begin, which has lasted 14 hours in recent years. The High Mass will take place at 11 a.m., and a small procession will go through the square. The events in honor of the Virgin conclude on the 13th with the offering of fruits in the morning and the Crystal Rosary in the afternoon.

    Virgin of Pilar

    AuthorCarlos Urzainqui Biel
    Editorial: Almuzara
    Pages: 400
    Year: 2025
    The authorCarlos Urzainqui Biel

    Historian and cultural disseminator. Graduate in Philosophy and Letters. Writer of The Virgin of Pilar

    The Vatican

    Leo XIV asks before Our Lady of Fatima to sheathe the sword

    Pope Leo XIV led a rosary for Peace in front of the original statue of Our Lady of Fatima in St. Peter's Square. In this Jubilee of Marian Spirituality, there were long periods of adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and the solemn Blessing of the Pope, who asked the powerful and everyone to sheathe their swords and disarm their hearts.

    Francisco Otamendi-October 11, 2025-Reading time: 4 minutes

    In an atmosphere of intense prayer and recollection, Leo XIV presided over the recitation of the Holy Rosary for Peace this Roman evening of October 11 before the Our Lady of Fatima. In addition, there was Adoration of Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament and Benediction with the Blessed Sacrament to the thousands of faithful who accompanied him in St. Peter's Square at night. 

    The framework of the Prayer Vigil The Jubilee of Marian Spirituality, which was joined by religious men and women who participated in the Jubilee of Consecrated Life, has been the Jubilee of Marian Spirituality.

    In terms of devotion and recollection, the moment was reminiscent of Pope Francis' historic prayer and Urbi et Orbi blessing in an empty St. Peter's Square in the rain to pray for the end of the AIDS pandemic by 2020. The difference is that on this occasion tens of thousands of faithful accompanied the Pope, and the reason for the prayer: peace in the world.

    During the recitation of the mysteries of the Rosario the Hail Mary of Fatima was sung. At the end, the Litany was prayed with the Pope kneeling before Our Lady, whom he called Mother of the Church and of Hope. 

    May the gift of compassion reach us

    At the Vigil of Prayer before the Blessed Sacrament, the Pope began by saying that "we have gathered in prayer, tonight, together with Mary the Mother of Jesus, as the first Church of Jerusalem used to do (Ac 1,14). All united, persevering and with the same sentiment, we never tire of interceding for peace, a gift of God that must become our conquest and our commitment".

    "Our gaze as believers looks to the Virgin Mary to guide us on our pilgrimage of hope," he continued, "contemplating her 'human and evangelical virtues. Her imitation constitutes the most authentic Marian devotion' (Cf. Second Vatican Council, Const. dogm. dogm. Lumen Gentium, 65.67)".

    "Through her, the sorrowful, strong and faithful Woman, let us ask for the gift of compassion for every brother and sister who suffers, and for all creatures," the Pope said.

    Pope Leo XIV places a golden rose in a vase at the foot of the original statue of Our Lady of Fatima in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican on October 11, 2025 (CNS Photo/Lola Gomez).

    "Sheathe your sword."

    After meditating on the words of the Virgin Mary, "Do whatever he tells you," Leo XIV turned his attention to the words of Jesus addressed to Peter in the Garden of Olives: "Put up your sword" (Jn 18:11). 

    The Pope has concretized that disarmed and disarming peace to which he has referred from day one. "It disarms the hand and, even before that, the heart. As I have already mentioned on other occasions, peace is unarmed and disarming. It is not deterrence, but fraternity; it is not ultimatums, but dialogue. It will not come as the fruit of victories over the enemy, but as the result of sowing justice and fearless forgiveness".

    To the powerful and to each of us

    "Sheathe the sword," he stressed, "is the word addressed to the powerful of the world, to those who guide the destiny of the people: have the audacity to disarm!

    "And at the same time it is also addressed to each one of us, to make us more and more aware that we cannot kill for any idea, faith or politics. The first thing to disarm is the heart, because if there is no peace in us, we will not give peace."

    Looking with a different point of view

    It is the invitation to acquire a different point of view to look at the world from below, said the Pope. "With the eyes of those who suffer, not with the eyes of the powerful. To see history with the eyes of the little ones and not with the perspective of the powerful. To interpret the events of history from the point of view of the widow, the orphan, the foreigner, the wounded child, the exile and the fugitive. 

    With the look of one who is shipwrecked, of poor Lazarus, lying at the door of the rich glutton. Otherwise, nothing will ever change and a new time, a reign of justice and peace, will never emerge. The Virgin Mary also does so in the canticle of the Magnificat".

    Prayer to Mary, Queen of Peace

    We have gathered tonight in prayer around Mary, Mother of Jesus and our Mother, like the first disciples in the Upper Room, prayed Pope Leo XIV. "To her, profoundly peaceful woman, Queen of Peace, we turn":

    "Pray with us, faithful Woman, sacred womb of the Word.
    Teach us to listen to the cry of the poor and of Mother Earth,
    attentive to the calls of the Spirit in the secret of the heart.
    In the life of the brothers, in the events of history,
    in the groaning and joy of creation.

    Holy Mary, mother of the living,
    strong, painful, faithful woman.
    Virgin bride by the Cross,
    where love is consummated and life springs forth,
    be the guide of our commitment to service.

    Teach us to stop with you at the infinite crosses.
    where your Son is still crucified,
    where life is most threatened.
    To live and bear witness to Christian love
    welcoming in every man a brother.
    To renounce dark selfishness
    to follow Christ, the true light of man.

    Virgin of peace, door of sure hope,
    welcome the prayer of your children!".

    The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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    Evangelization

    St. John XXIII and the Second Vatican Council

    On October 11, the Church commemorates St. John XXIII. In his five years as Pope, he earned the nickname "Good Pope". In 1959, he surprised the world by convening the Second Vatican Council. This October 11, during the prayer of the Rosary for Peace, convoked by Pope Leo XIV, the inauguration of this council, on October 11, 1962, will be remembered.  

    Francisco Otamendi-October 11, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    This Saturday afternoon, during the Jubilee of Marian Spirituality, with the presence in Rome of the original statue of Our Lady of Fatima, each decade of the Rosary will be accompanied by a reading. It will be a passage from Chapter VIII of the Constitution 'Lumen Gentium' of the Second Vatican Council, which was convoked by St. John XXIII. In this way, we wish to highlight the commemoration of the anniversary of the opening of the Vatican Council II that day in 1962. 

    St. John XXIII immediately demonstrated that he was an innovator, explains the Vatican Agency. He convoked the Roman Synod and established the Commission for the revision of the Code of Canon Law. "But above all, surprisingly, from the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls, on January 25, 1959, he convoked the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council." The aim was not to change Catholic doctrine or define new truths of faith, Vatican News notes. "But to re-present the contents of the faith to contemporary man, in order to find answers to new problems and challenges."

    At the service of the Holy See

    The fourth of 13 children, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was born in Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, on November 25, 1881. In 1892 he entered the Bergamo Seminary and in 1896 was admitted to the Secular Franciscan Order. From 1901 to 1905 he studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, and on August 1, 1904 he was ordained a priest. 

    The young priest was secretary to his bishop, G. M. Tedeschi, until, in 1921, he began his service to the Holy See in the Pontifical Works for the Propagation of the Faith. Later, the Pope appointed him representative of the Holy See in Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece, in 1944 Nuncio to France, and in 1953 Patriarch of Venice. In 1958, upon the death of Pius XII, he was elected Pope.

    Mater et Magistra', 'Pacem in terris'.

    Pope Roncalli wrote eight encyclicalsAmong these is Mater et magistra, which presented the social magisterium of the Church 70 years after Rerum novarum (1961). Y "Pacem in terris".of 1963, on peace and a just social order. Incidentally, one of them is 'Grata recordatio', about praying the holy rosary.

    He was beatified by St. John Paul II during the Great Jubilee of 2000, and canonized by Pope Francis on April 27, 2014, together with John Paul II, on a day that was called the day of the 'four Popes', because Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI was present.

    The authorFrancisco Otamendi

    Education

    President of Catholic Univ. of America: "The more Catholic identity, the more we grow".

    Peter Kilpatrick, president of the Catholic University of America (CUA), told Charles Camosy of OSV News that strengthening the Catholic identity has moved them up the rankings: "It's the future". They are now focusing on providing ethical and moral guidance in the use of AI, with major signings.

    OSV / Omnes-October 11, 2025-Reading time: 6 minutes

    - Charlie Camosy

    Catholic identity, current challenges, its growth, the challenges of artificial intelligence (AI). These are just some of the topics discussed by Peter Kilpatrick, president of the Catholic University of America (CUA) with Charles Camosy of OSV News. Here are his reflections.

    Charles Camosy: Can you give us a short version of the journey that led you to become president of The Catholic University of America? 

    Peter Kilpatrick: I have been an academic my entire adult life, starting as a professor of chemical engineering at North Carolina State University in 1983, and eventually assuming leadership positions as I was asked for increasing authority. Including department head, center director, dean of engineering at Notre Dame, and chief academic officer and chancellor of the Illinois Institute of Technology from 2018-2022.

    I had planned to retire then, at age 66, and a good friend at Notre Dame contacted me to consider the presidency of The Catholic University of America. I must admit I had some convincing to do. But after visiting The Catholic University of America, the interview trip and meeting our extraordinary students, faculty and board members, I was interested. 

    I feel that my entire professional career and my deep and abiding commitment to my Catholic faith (I converted at age 25 during my graduate studies) have prepared me for this. In fact, I feel that Our Lord has been preparing me for this my entire life. It is a great privilege and honor to serve this remarkable institution.

    Some irresponsible behaviors

    Camosy: For some time now, we have heard many warnings about the crisis in higher education. What do you think about the positioning and capacity of the Catholic University of America to respond to the challenges of higher education?

    Kilpatrick: Higher education has long been under fire, with many members of the cultural and business community claiming that we are not adequately preparing young people to thrive in a rapidly changing culture and business environment.

    Many people believe that universities have been part of the problem by promoting ideologies that undermine human development. Others believe they have been irresponsible in allowing young people to borrow heavily to study at their institutions, knowing that their indebtedness would pose a serious challenge. 

    So, in many ways, some of the challenges facing higher education have been self-inflicted. And they are the result of irresponsible behavior on the part of "some" universities (I could name them, but that would be uncharitable).

    Overbuilt

    Camosy: Some other challenge....

    Kilpatrick: Another major challenge in higher education is that, as in many industries, we have overbuilt in response to a strong demand for U.S. higher education that is now declining. 

    Certainly, from the 1950s through at least the 1990s, U.S. universities were the envy of the entire world. It was relatively easy to generate tuition revenue, often by enrolling a percentage of international students. Who, on average, would pay considerably more for tuition than domestic students. 

    Foreign countries responded by creating their own universities. So now there are many very prestigious universities (at least in the secular world) in China, Korea, Singapore, Japan, India, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Canada, Australia and, in fact, all over the world. 

    Demographics and other factors. Trends

    At one time, there were more than 7,000 institutions of higher education in the United States. This, coupled with the country's declining birth rate and the demographic shift of fewer children in affluent families, has led to the current crisis.

    In the future, the universities that will thrive and succeed will be those that clearly distinguish themselves in the marketplace and offer unique programs that are perceived (and actually are) of great value. We have done this in several of our schools and programs.

    Strengthening our Catholic identity

    Our Columbus School of Law has moved from 122nd to 71st in the national rankings in just two years (2023 to 2025). This has been due in large part to a deliberate decision to strengthen our Catholic identity and mission with the creation of three new centers in the last decade. The Center for Religious Liberty, the Center for Law and the Human Person, and the Center for Constitutionalism and the Catholic Intellectual Tradition. These programs have attracted truly outstanding young faculty to our faculty and have sparked interest nationally.

    Our Conway School of Nursing has risen to 28th in the national rankings (from 54th just a year ago), largely due to its focus on training nurses in the image of Jesus Christ as Healer or Divine Physician. In addition, the School of Nursing has developed unique and engaging simulation-based programming and clinical experiences that few (if any) other schools can offer.

    I could cite many other examples, including our schools of philosophy, theology and business. This is the future of our university.

    Camosy: Can you tell us more about The Catholic University of America's commitment to the fullness of its Catholic mission and identity? How does this manifest itself?

    KilpatrickAs mentioned above, we are fully committed as "the" Catholic University of America. Based on our founding mission, we are a source of light and inspiration to the world of higher education. 

    This implies being excellent and differentiated in our academic offerings, being clearly Catholic and innovative, and also being faithful to the teachings of the Church in matters of faith and morals. 

    Oath of fidelity

    In fact, all our ecclesiastical faculty - those who teach philosophy, theology and religious studies, and canon law - take a public oath of fidelity at the Mass of the Holy Spirit. This is at the beginning of their term of office. And the rector also takes an oath of fidelity. That oath commits me to guarantee fidelity here at the university, something to which I joyfully commit myself. 

    What excites me is that we can be a university committed to free inquiry and vigorous debate, but also committed to fidelity. Many people in our culture don't understand that the two are not antithetical. 

    In addition, there are many excellent professors in the United States who wish to engage in teaching, research and scholarship at a faithfully Catholic university that is also intensely engaged in research and scholarship. There are not many options for them, so we are able to recruit outstanding professors for our university.

    Ethical orientation of the Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    Camosy: I am particularly impressed by your commitment to leading a university where the use of AI is discussed and debated with a distinctly Catholic key. Could you tell us more about your efforts in this regard?

    Kilpatrick: Several years ago we made a very conscious decision to strive to be a university that attempts to provide ethical, moral and virtue-based guidance in the use of AI. We partnered with Leidos, the information technology company, to host a conference in April 2022 focused on the design of ethical military AI systems. 

    Since then, we have organized several additional conferences and roundtables. As an institution, we believe that AI is here to stay. And that universities should strive to articulate appropriate safeguards to prevent the misuse of AI. And perhaps even lobby Congress to pass laws and policies that dictate such measures. It does not appear that many of the technology companies are going to adequately self-regulate.

    AI signings

    Camosy: They must have had to be reinforced.

    Kilpatrick: To strengthen our capabilities in this regard, we have created a university-wide AI task force, led by our senior vice chancellor for research, Dr. H. Joseph Yost. Dr. Yost has recently created a new Institute for AI and Emerging Technologies, and we have hired a new director for that institute, Taylor Black. Mr. Black is a highly accomplished AI expert who works in Microsoft's Office of the Chief Technology Officer as the Director of AI and Enterprise Ecosystems. Taylor is also studying to become a deacon in the Greek Catholic Church. We are very fortunate to have him join our university.

    We have also hired several outstanding professors in the area of AI, including Dr. Hanseok Ko and Dr. Gregorio Toscano, who are helping us build our AI infrastructure. They are working closely with ethicists, moral theologians and others to clearly articulate how AI can and should be used in a virtuous way. In accordance with the recent instruction of the Vatican on IA entitled "Antiqua et Nova".

    Finally, our faculty and administrators have played a leadership role in what is called the IA Builders Forum, organized by the Vatican.

    —————

    Charles Camosy teaches moral theology and bioethics at The Catholic University of America in Washington.

    This interview was originally published in OSV News. You can consult it here.

    --------

    The authorOSV / Omnes

    Evangelization

    "De Maria numquam satis"

    Marian devotion, well lived, is essential for a time marked by loneliness and disorientation: Mary shows us that true faith consists in listening to, obeying and trusting God.

    Diego Blázquez Bernaldo de Quirós-October 11, 2025-Reading time: 6 minutes

    There are expressions that summarize a centuries-old intuition of the Christian heart. One of them - ancient and fruitful - affirms: "De Maria numquam satis": of Mary, one can never say enough. It is not a pious slogan. It is a spiritual and theological golden rule: the deeper we go into the mystery of the Mother of the Lord, the wider the horizon of the Gospel widens, because Mary does not stand between Christ and us; she leads us to Him. Her name is not an obstacle, but a door; she does not compete with the Son, she points to him; she does not eclipse the Church, she remakes her in her purest form.

    1. Mary in the economy of the Incarnate Word

    The faith of the Church confesses Mary Theotokos, Mother of God, not to exaggerate her greatness, but to protect the truth of Jesus Christ: true God and true man. We learned this in Ephesus (431), when the Fathers, moved by the faith of the simple, proclaimed with force what was already lived in the liturgy: "He who was born of Mary is the eternal Word made flesh". If Christ were not a single divine person, Mary would not be the Mother of God; and if Mary were not the Mother of God, Christ would not be Emmanuel. In her name Christology is guarded.

    St. Irenaeus (2nd c.) saw it with an eagle's eye: just as the knot of Eve's disobedience was untied by Mary's obedience, "what the virgin Eve tied with unbelief, the Virgin Mary untied with faith". In Mary, God recapitulates human history from the beginning: one woman, one word, one yes. What was crooked is straightened out in the simplicity of Nazareth.

    2. The obedience that makes the world fertile

    "Let it be done to me according to your word" (Lk 1:38). It is not resignation, it is freedom in its highest state: the freedom that is entrusted. St. Ambrose taught the virgins of Milan that in Mary virginity is not sterile: it is spousal, fully fruitful by the Spirit. In her humanity offers to God the cleanest part of itself, and God responds by giving her his own fruit. It is not by chance that St. Augustine, so zealous for the initiative of grace, emphasized that Mary conceived first in faith and then in the womb: fides concepit, fides peperit. That is why her "yes" was not only an emotional moment; it was a way of life. Mary is the "yes" made flesh.

    3. The New Eve and the Ark of Presence

    Scripture traces in fine ink what tradition will read in the paschal light. The Daughter of Zion welcomes the Holy One of Israel; the Ark of the Covenant, which David receives with trembling, reappears in the visitation: the Word comes to the house of Zechariah and John leaps in Elizabeth's womb as David danced before the Ark (cf. 2 Sam 6; Lk 1). The mountains tremble, the Spirit covers with its shadow, and the blessing is poured out in the form of a Magnificat. St. Ephrem, the Harp of the Spirit, likes bold images: the Infinite is carried by the arms of an adolescent girl; the Fire rests without burning; the bush burns and is not consumed. None of this is literature: it is dogmatic in poetry.

    4. Virgin, Mother, Wife

    The three names run through the liturgy like a litany of identity. Virgin: not out of rejection, but out of total availability to God. Mother: not only of Christ, but of the living (cf. Jn 19:26-27), because Mary's motherhood is enlarged at the hour of the Cross when the Son gives her as an inheritance to the nascent Church. Bride: icon of the Church, the first believer, perfect image of what the Bride is called to be for the Bridegroom. St. John Damascene - theologian of beauty - will contemplate in her Dormition the passage of the one who brought Life to full life, "the Virgin who, being heaven, made room for the Uncontainable".

    5. Immaculate Conception and Assumption: transparency of grace

    When the Church, centuries later, proclaims the Immaculate Conception (1854) and the Assumption (1950), she does not add late embellishments to a sentimental devotion. It recognizes, with surgeon's precision, two truths that spring from the heart of the Redemption. The Immaculate Conception is not a capricious "exception", but the fulfillment in advance of the destiny of the Church: everything is grace and grace can - and wants to - conquer from the very first moment. The Assumption, for its part, does not take Mary's foot off the ground; it gives it back to us in heaven. In her we see the fulfillment of the promise: the flesh, when it is taken by God, does not hinder, it sings.

    6. Mary, teacher of theology

    It may seem paradoxical, but theology learns from Mary the essentials of the method: listening, pondering, guarding, obeying. Luke reveals that "Mary kept all these things, pondering them in her heart" (Lk 2:19). Theology that does not meditate - that does not pray - ends up being a game of mirrors. Mary teaches a thought that kneels down without renouncing rigor; that discerns without mutilating the mystery; that confesses without anxiety of control. The Fathers prayed by thinking and thought by praying: that is why their treatises smell of incense. One does not enter this school by academic opposition, but by conversion.

    7. Why is it "never enough" to talk about Mary?

    Because to speak of Mary is to speak of the way in which God saves. God does not enter history with an imperial roar, but by begging for a yes. He exposes himself to the freedom of a creature - and through that beloved risk - he inaugurates salvation. When the Church contemplates Mary, she learns her own form: she does not impose herself, she proposes; she does not conquer, she engenders; she does not celebrate herself, she magnifies the Lord. De Maria numquam satis means that we will never exhaust the praise of God's work in a woman, and that in her littleness God has become close to us.

    8. Mary in the life of the disciple

    Many reduce Marian devotion to a set of acts, valuable but peripheral. Tradition, however, places it at the heart of discipleship. The Rosary, the Gospel prayer par excellence, is not a talisman of emergencies, but a school of vision: by the hand of the Mother, the mysteries of Christ traverse the day and shape it. Marian memory protects us from two temptations: that of a disincarnated Christianity (which disdains bodies, rhythms, history), and that of a soulless activism (which confuses productivity with fecundity). Mary keeps the times: the kairos of God and the chronos of our obligations; that is why Marian piety, well lived, does not take away hours, it rescues them.

    9. Maternal mediation: Christ and the Church, not "Christ or the Church.

    From the first centuries, the Christian people have experienced the intercession of the Mother. To call her "advocate" or "helper" takes nothing away from the unique mediation of Christ (cf. 1 Tim 2:5); it puts her into action in the key of communion. All mediation in the Church is a participation in the one mediation of the Lord. Mary does not add another "line of salvation", but exercises maternity in the Mystical Body: where the Son is Head, the Mother accompanies his members. The Fathers intuited it, the saints lived it, the Magisterium explained it with sobriety. Those who fear that loving Mary will displace Christ have not yet tasted the good wine of Cana: "Do whatever he tells you" (Jn 2:5). That is his perpetual watchword.

    10. A spirituality of gratitude

    Gratitude is the memory of the heart. Mary sings it in the Magnificat: she does not look at herself, she looks at the fidelity of God. This is why true Marian devotion is not nourished by passing emotions, but by concrete gratitude: gratitude for the faith we have received, for the gentle corrections of Providence, for God's patience with our inconsistencies. On clear days, gratitude sustains humility; on dark days, it sustains hope. "From now on all generations will praise me" (Lk 1:48): this is not vanity, it is prophecy. To bless Mary is to learn to bless history: even when deadlines, silences and crosses are painful.

    11. For a time that needs a mother

    We live under a sophisticated orphanhood: hyperconnected, but alone; informed, but disoriented; sensitive, but fragile. In these landscapes, Mary's motherhood is not a devotional ornament, it is the medicine of reality. She teaches us to welcome life, to guard it, to let it go when it is time. She teaches to obey without servility and to resist without hatred. Those who receive her in their homes - like John at the foot of the Cross - experience that the Church is not a spiritual NGO, but a family: with a table, with traditions, with memory, with mission.

    12. Learning to say "yes

    De Maria numquam satis. What we say about her will never be enough because we will never exhaust what God has done in her. Her greatness does not drive us away; it encourages us: if grace could do such great marvels in a creature, what will it not be able to do in us if we stop negotiating with God and begin to respond as children?

    Holy Mary, Mother of God and our Mother, teach us to believe, to hope and to love. And when we lack strength, repeat in our ears the motto that defines you: "Do whatever he tells you. Only in this way - with your hand on ours - will we understand that, from you, Mother, numquam satis. It will never be enough.

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    Family

    Matthieu Lavagna: how to refute bad pro-abortion arguments

    The author of "Reason is pro-life" questions myths about the fetus, dismantles simplistic arguments such as 'lumps of cells' or 'my body, my decision', and shows why the discussion about life is not only religious but a matter of reason.

    Teresa Aguado Peña-October 10, 2025-Reading time: 6 minutes

    Matthieu Lavagna, a graduate in mathematics, philosophy and theology, in his book "The reason is pro-life"In this interview, he analyzes abortion from a scientific, philosophical and ethical perspective, dismantling the most common myths about the fetus and defending the protection of human life from conception. In this interview he discusses the arguments about abortion, the moral status of the fetus and the urgency of defending human life from conception.

    Why write a book on such a taboo and sensitive subject?

    Because abortion is a trivialized act in most modern societies. The number of abortions (IVG) is very high every year, and this practice is considered more and more trivial. It is also noted that many of our contemporaries are very poorly informed on this issue. The scientific and biological facts related to abortion are often poorly explained to the public, and in practice, people have rarely really heard the pro-life arguments. This book aims to make up for that lack of information and to objectively instruct the reader on this issue from a scientific and philosophical point of view.

    In the end, what is at stake is the moral status of the fetus. Why?

    Indeed. Gregory Koukl sums it up masterfully with this sentence, "If the fetus is not a human being, there is no need to justify legalizing abortion. Conversely, if the fetus is a human being, no justification for legalizing abortion is adequate."

    In the abortion debate, everyone admits that the fetus is eliminated in the process. But what is a fetus? If it is just a collection of cells, aborting it is no more immoral than cutting one's fingernails or going to the dentist. If the fetus is not a human being, abortion should still be legal. No problem. But if the fetus is a human being, and all human beings have a right to life, there are good reasons to think that abortion is immoral and should be prohibited. I explain this in detail in the book.

    From the scientific point of view, you show that there is a general consensus that the fetus is a human being.

    Yes. The fetus is a human being biologically, because it is a living organism belonging to the species. Homo sapiens. This genetically distinct organism develops continuously until it reaches maturity. From conception, it possesses its entire genetic patrimony, which characterizes it as an individual. Embryology manuals are unanimous in affirming that human life begins at conception.

    For example, The developing human being says: "A zygote is the beginning of a new human being (i.e., an embryo). Human development begins with fertilization, the process by which a male gamete [...] unites with a female gamete [...] to form a single cell called a zygote. This highly specialized totipotent cell marks the beginning of each of us as a unique individual."

    The U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee recognized as early as the 1980s: "Physicians, biologists and other scientists agree that conception is the beginning of the life of a human being - a living being, a member of the human species. There is overwhelming consensus on this point in countless medical, biological, and scientific texts."

    This is why abortion advocates are forced to acknowledge this fact. For example, Étienne-Émile Baulieu, well-known promoter of the abortion pill RU-486, declared in 1992: "Yes, a zygote is a living human being."

    Philosopher David Boonin, one of abortion's leading advocates, candidly admits, "A human fetus is simply a human being at an early stage of development." Also Peter Singer, a world-renowned pro-choice philosopher, states, "There is no question that from the first moments of its existence, an embryo conceived from human sperm and egg is a human being."

    Thus, serious advocates of abortion rights, scientifically informed, have no problem admitting that the fetus is a human being. There is no disagreement about this in the academic debate. The discussion centers on whether all human beings have the same right to life, regardless of their size, level of development or degree of dependency.

    Despite this, many object that they are just "lumps of cells".

    This argument is so weak that it never appears in the intellectual debate on abortion. In biology, a "collection of cells" is an agglomeration without organization or unity. This is not the case with the embryo, which is a complete and unified organism that develops toward maturity if given time, nourishment and a suitable environment.

    On the contrary, if these conditions are given to a simple group of cells, a human being will never be obtained, because these cells are not organisms. The embryo, on the other hand, has all its parts coordinated, forming an organized and autonomous whole.

    Even pro-abortion physician Thomas Verney acknowledged that it was false to tell women that the embryo is just a collection of cells: "I believe that the decision whether or not to have a child should be the woman's [...] But I also believe that a woman should be fully aware that what is at stake is not a collection of cells, but the beginning of a human life."

    How then does one come to defend infanticide?

    For decades, many abortion advocates have argued that, while the fetus is biologically human, it is not a person. They redefine the concept of person to exclude the fetus. But these same definitions often exclude newborns as well. Thus, some conclude that infanticide may be morally acceptable. Philosophers such as Tooley, Singer, Minerva, Hassoun, Kriegel, Räsänen, Schuklenk, Warren or McMahan hold similar positions.

    The Italians Giubilini and Minerva proposed defining person as "an individual capable of attributing a certain value to his own existence". Since newborns cannot do so, they conclude: "The fetus and the newborn are not persons in the sense of subjects with a right to life. Killing a newborn should be permitted in the same cases in which abortion is permitted, even if it is not disabled."

    Peter Singer goes even further: "If the fetus does not have the same right to life as a person, so does the newborn. [...] The life of a newborn has less value than that of a pig, a dog or a chimpanzee." Although this conclusion may seem extreme, it is consistent with his logic: the animals mentioned possess more cognitive capacities than a newborn. Therefore, Singer considers infanticide morally permissible.

    Thus, a coherent pro-abortion position ends up defending infanticide, since there is no definition of "person" that includes the newborn but excludes the fetus. The pro-life position, on the other hand, is coherent and inclusive: it recognizes the dignity of all members of the human species, without discriminating on the basis of strength, intelligence or development.

    How do you respond to the argument, "I am personally against abortion, but I don't want to impose my views on others"?

    This argument, very common today, reflects contemporary moral relativism: "Everyone decides what is moral for himself".

    But this is an incoherent position. Just apply the same reasoning to other cases: "I am against murder, but if someone considers it moral, I will not impose my view on him." "I'm against pedophilia or rape, but if someone thinks differently, let them do what they want." No one would accept that. If abortion kills an innocent human being with a right to life, then it is a crime that should be banned. You can't be "personally against it" but accept that others practice it.

    And the slogan "My body, my decision"?

    It is one of the most well-known feminist slogans, but it is false to think that we are totally free to do whatever we want with our bodies. We cannot use it to steal, kill or torture. There is no absolute right over one's own body, especially if that use harms others.

    Even pro-abortion philosophers Nathan Nobis and Kristina Grob acknowledge, "Autonomy is important, but it has limits: it does not justify using your body to kill an innocent person. The slogan 'Women can do what they want with their bodies' is false and does not answer the pro-life argument."

    If the fetus is a human being with the same value as any other, there is no right to eliminate it in the name of bodily autonomy.

    And the "no uterus, no opinion" argument?

    It is often said that men do not have a say in abortion because "it does not concern them". But this is absurd: I can oppose child abuse without being a child, or racism without being a victim.
    If only those with a uterus had a say, the French abortion law (Veil law) would never have been passed, as it was voted for by a majority of men.

    Arguments are worth for their content, not for the organs of the person presenting them.

    Why is the debate often reduced to a confrontation between Christians and laypeople?

    Because many believe that the pro-life stance is religious. But just because the Church condemns abortion does not mean it is a religious issue. It also condemned slavery and racism, and that does not make them "matters of faith."
    One does not have to be a believer to accept that "it is immoral to deliberately kill an innocent human being". This idea is based on reason and on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.

    In fact, there are pro-life atheist activists. For example, Terrisa Bukovinac, a progressive and atheist, states, "The unjust killing of unborn children violates our progressive values of equality, nonviolence and non-discrimination. [...] The pro-life position is supported by science and reason, while the pro-abortion position is anti-progressive and discriminatory."

    What is the urgency?

    Every year, 73 million unborn children are aborted in the world (more than 250,000 in France, and about 100,000 in Spain). How can we allow such a drama?
    In a just society, the stronger must protect the weaker.

    The pro-life movement needs more active people to fight against the dehumanization of the innocent. The battle will be long, but it is worth it. Our generation may not see the end of abortion, but we must fight for future generations.

    The reason is pro-life

    AuthorMatthieu Lavagna
    EditorialRialp : Rialp
    Pages: 282
    Year: 2025
    Read more
    Evangelization

    Saints Daniel Comboni and Thomas of Villanova

    On October 10, the liturgy celebrates one of the great missionaries of the Church, St. Daniel Comboni. He gave his life to the missions of black Africa and was the first bishop of Central Africa. St. Thomas of Villanova, an Augustinian, was known in Valencia as 'the archbishop of the poor'.    

    Francisco Otamendi-October 10, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    St. Daniel Comboni, priest and Italian missionarydedicated his life to the evangelization of Central Africa, founding the Comboni Missionary Institutes. He is known for his "Plan for the Regeneration of Africa", which proposed that Africans evangelize their own continent ("save Africa through Africa"), respecting their culture. 

    Comboni, missionary vocation in Africa

    The Italian Daniel Comboni was born on March 15, 1831. In 1854 he was ordained a priest and three years later, in 1857, he set sail from Trieste (Italy) with the expedition of the Mazza Institute for Central Africa. It was his first trip to Africa, a continent to which he would make seven more voyages.

    On September 15, 1864, at the tomb of St. Peter in Rome, he conceived his 'Plan for the Regeneration of Africa'. In June 1870 he prepared a document to present to the Council Fathers of Vatican I, 'Postulatum pro Nigris Africae Centralis'. An important group of bishops signed the letter, which was approved on July 18 by Pope Pius IX. 

    Comboni denounced the living conditions of the Africans. Already on his first trip in 1857 he experienced the difficulties of the mission in Africa and strengthened his missionary and African vocation. St. Daniel Comboni died in Khartoum (Sudan), victim of fevers, on October 10, 1881, at the age of 50. He was canonized in 2003 by St. John Paul II. The Sacred Heart of Jesus is the source of Comboni spirituality. 

    Tomás de Villanueva, Augustinian, Archbishop of Valencia

    Saint Thomas of Villanova (1486-1555), Augustinian friar and archbishop of Valencia, maintained a deep sensitivity towards the poor. Born in Fuenllana (Ciudad Real, Spain), he was educated in Alcalá de Henares and was ordained an Augustinian priest in 1518. He was confessor and preacher to Charles V. After being named, against his will, archbishop of Valencia, he revitalized the diocese, founded a seminary and organized a vast network of social assistance.

    The Augustinian bishop of Valencia transmitted his university formation in preaching and in ascetic and mystical writings. His preferred sources were the Bible, the Fathers of the Church (with special attention to St. Augustine) and the spiritual authors of the time. His mortal remains are preserved in the cathedral of Valencia.

    The authorFrancisco Otamendi

    Resources

    A good video to understand what became of the 12 tribes of Israel

    This entertaining and informative video explains the fate of the 12 tribes of Israel, a subject that has generated interest among historians and theologians for centuries.

    Editorial Staff Omnes-October 10, 2025-Reading time: < 1 minute

    According to tradition biblicalThe 12 tribes descended from the sons of Jacob formed the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, whose history was marked by events such as the division of the unified kingdom after the death of Solomon, around 930 BC, the Assyrian conquest of the Northern Kingdom in 722 BC and the fall of the Southern Kingdom at the hands of the Babylonians in 586 BC.

    The video combines biblical sources, archaeological evidence and scholarly analysis to explore what happened to these tribes after their dispersion.

    Books

    Ciao, Carlo! When holiness crosses a crosswalk

    We offer an excerpt from the novel Ciao, Carlo!, prequel to the musical "Original, el paso de Carlo", which the youth delegation and the seminary of the diocese of Cuenca have been performing in more than ten cities in Spain since 2023.

    Editorial Staff Omnes-October 10, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    Carlos Luján Berenguel, author of "Ciao, Carlo!Life around Carlo Acutis", he lends us an excerpt from his book. It is a conversation between Carlo and one of the poor, Donato, as seen by the parish priest of Santa Maria Segreta.

    "Don Mario, behind the window overlooking the parish choir, watched not only the traffic on Via Lorenzo Mascheroni, but also the quietness of the garden in the square. That green wrought iron fountain that always lost a trickle of water, the bicycles passing by and, unexpectedly, Carlo. 

    Sitting on the back of the bench, blue slippers on the seat, he chatted with Donato. The contrast between the accattone and the boy was not shocking to don Mario. Because don Mario was used to seeing the world from a different angle, as now, from the false balcony of the façade, with his back to the spectacle of his neo-baroque parish, he contemplated Milan. "You also have these views from the Sagrario, don't you?" -was his morning prayer. 

    -No." That man continued to shake his head, vigorously, silently. A man cannot change when he has grown old. 

    -Or maybe yes..." Carlo looked at Donato's head, covered by the checkered Gatsby cap and felt sorry for him, "Maybe, Donato, a simple movement of the eyes, from bottom to top... 

    -Where to? -Donato turned his head foreshortened and leaned his hands on the seat to place himself on the back, at Carlo's level. 

    -To Him, Donato, to Jesus! -The boy rested a hand on Donato's shoulder and then repositioned his tracksuit jacket. It contrasted with the plaid shirt he was also wearing. 

    -Jesus? -Donato looked down again. 

    -His style is to make all things new..." Carlo recalled, "To be born again... That is impossible...". 

    -Nothing is impossible for God! -Carlo protested. 

    -I wish I could believe those words! -Donato looked at Carlo frankly -I wish! -It's a matter of trust..." Carlo hesitated "Who brought you here? -Misfortune, Carlo... 

    -No..." Carlo got down from the bench and stood in front of the beggar. His height brought their gazes face to face, "I mean here, really, to the parish of Santa Maria Segreta. 

    -Albertina... -The man's eyes lit up for a moment, as he raised his eyebrows, nostalgic- Albertina brought me... When I was about to... leave senselessly, she brought me. She had an intuition. She thought there was something in me... She told me so, believe me! 

    -I believe you... because there is. -Carlo could perceive how hope rose up to the heart of the accattone While Donato recognized the good around him- That's how the Spirit is, that you don't expect it and it surprises you. That it is confused with an outburst of Albertina, and that it is Him, blowing where He wills. We don't see it, Donato, but we do see how it has changed your life... And you say you don't think it can change it even more?

    Donato raised his eyes to the dark sky of Milan, that cloudy October day, and a very light wind caressed his face. He did not feel a shiver, but rather it seemed like a warm, delicate wind. 

    From the parish window, Don Mario could not hear the conversation. A few days later, at the boy's funeral, he knew that wherever Carlo passed, hope made sense again. And he thanked God for having crossed paths with the boy." 

    Ciao, Carlo!: Life around Carlo Acutis

    AuthorCarlos Luján Berenguel
    EditorialAmazon self-publishing
    Pages: 272
    Year: 2025
    Read more
    ColumnistsVictor Torre de Silva Valera

    The seed of the Jubilee

    World Youth Days and other major ecclesial gatherings have profoundly marked the lives of millions of young people around the world.

    October 10, 2025-Reading time: < 1 minute

    The hot days of August that left in Rome the impressive images of the Jubilee of the Youth seem already distant. For several days, the crowds filled the religious media and were echoed in the general press. Large reports and numerous articles showed that Jesus Christ and his Church continue to be present among the young people, who demonstrated their joy and determination during those days. There was a contagious optimism, not only among the participants, but also among the Christians who followed the event from their own countries.

    With the return to normality, that memory can fade. Some media return with negative news about the Church, polemics that divide or statistics that announce its disappearance in a few decades. These messages are hurtful and may gradually sink in. But the experience of the World Youth Days and the previous Jubilees reminds us that they were not a passing enthusiasm, but a time of sowing. Thousands of young people returned to their places of origin with something planted in their hearts: a seed that often germinates in surprising forms of faith, dedication and vocation.

    One example is provided by a friend who used to work as a carabiniere in northern Italy and decided to participate in WYD in Madrid in 2011. That encounter transformed his Christian life and, four years later, he left his job to join a religious institute. His story is just one of many I know of people touched by grace in similar events. Some come to light, others remain private, few reach the media. What is certain is that, even if the growth is not immediate or universal, the seed is there. And it continues to bear fruit.

    The authorVictor Torre de Silva Valera

    D. student in Rome.

    Resources

    "Dilexi te": Love of the poor, a requirement of Christian life

    Faced with the apostolic exhortation "Dilexi te", someone might ask: why now a document on the poor? What does this have to do with holiness as a goal of the Christian life? Isn't prayer and the sacraments the most important things? Or on the other hand, would it not be enough to insist that Christianity implies a social commitment? In short, what place should the poor and the needy have in the Church and in Christian life?

    Ramiro Pellitero-October 9, 2025-Reading time: 6 minutes

    What is certain is that Pope Leo XIV has shown himself to be an "integrator" of the various aspects of Christian life, a seeker of unity and coherence. But in no way relativizing, but on the contrary, incisive and profound, knowing how to show the demands of Christian truth, although, certainly, one cannot speak of everything at the same time..

    The apostolic exhortation Dilexi teI have loved you" is Leo XIV's first long document. In its title it takes up words that Christ addresses, in the book of Revelation (3:9), to a Christian community of little relevance and exposed to scorn. The text focuses on love for the poor. It is an aspect of faith and Christian life that has progressively gained importance in the Church's magisterium, especially since the Second Vatican Council (cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, nn. 2443-2449).

    The presentation links the theme of this document to the encyclical Dilexit us (2024) of the Pope Francis, on the divine and human love of Christ, because contemplating the love of Christ, in the words of this encyclical, "helps us to pay more attention to the suffering and needs of others, makes us strong enough to participate in his work of liberation, as instruments for the spread of his love".

    Love for the needy, the path to sanctification

    Pope Prevost notes that the document takes up a text prepared by Francis, "imagining Christ addressing each one of them saying: you have neither power nor strength, but 'I have loved you'". It declares that it shares the desire of the previous Pope "that all Christians may perceive the strong connection that exists between the love of Christ and his call to draw near to the poor" (3). Thus the main objective of the document is enunciated: to propose this "path of sanctification" of strong evangelical roots: to recognize Christ in the needy in order to configure oneself with Christ, which is what holiness consists of.

    In his "indispensable words" or preliminaries (chapter I), Leo XIV points out how the Lord identifies himself with the needy (cf. especially Mt 25:40). "In the wounded face of the poor we find imprinted the suffering of the innocent and, therefore, the suffering of Christ himself" (9). And so the Pope confesses: "I am convinced that the preferential option for the poor generates an extraordinary renewal both in the Church and in society, when we are able to free ourselves from self-referentiality and succeed in hearing their cry" (7). This calls for a change of mentality without being fooled by mockery, self-serving and pseudo-scientific arguments.

    A requirement of Christian coherence

    Sacred Scripture (cf. chapter II) teaches that "one cannot pray or offer sacrifices while oppressing the weakest and the poorest" (17). Jesus became poor to reveal to us the love of the Father (cf. 2 Cor 8:9). His poverty and his love for the poor is a sign of his bond with the Father and of the self-giving that he also asks of his disciples. For this reason, "one cannot love God without extending one's love to the poor" (26). works of mercy, as a sign of the authenticity of the worship of God (cf. 27).

    It is significant that the Apostle James, in order to exemplify the necessary union between faith and works, gives as examples the relationship with the needy (cf. James 5:3-5). In fact, the first Christian community in Jerusalem took daily care to share goods and assist the poor (especially widows, cf. Acts 6:1-6), and St. Paul was instructed not to forget the poor (cf. Gal 2:10). There is thus a link between love of God and love of the poor.

    Christ present in the Eucharist and in the poor

    The Church Fathers (cf. chapter III) saw in charity toward the needy a concrete expression of faith in the Incarnate Word. With strong accents they urged to recognize Christ not only in the Eucharist but also in the needy. For Augustine, the poor are not only someone to be helped, but the sacramental presence of the Lord (44). All this now taking into account the diversification of the forms of poverty: moral, spiritual, cultural, "that of the one who finds himself in a condition of personal or social weakness or fragility, the poverty of the one who has no rights, no space, no freedom" (9).

    "On this aspect (...) it can be affirmed that patristic theology was practical, aiming at a poor Church and for the poor, remembering that the Gospel is only well proclaimed when it touches the flesh of the least, and warning that doctrinal rigor without mercy is an empty word" (48). It is along these lines that the works of so many saints are multiplying, especially in religious life.

    "When the Church kneels to break the new chains that imprison the poor, she becomes a sign of Easter" (61).

    In the poor, migrants and refugees, the sick and those who suffer, Christ is revealed and adored. "When the Church bends down to the ground to care for the poor, she assumes her highest posture" (79).

    The poor and education

    As for the education of the poor, for the Church this is not a favor, but a duty. It is worth quoting this entire paragraph: "The little ones have the right to wisdom, as a basic requirement for the recognition of human dignity. To teach them is to affirm their value, to give them the tools to transform their reality. The Christian tradition understands that knowledge is a gift from God and a community responsibility. Christian education forms not only professionals, but people open to the good, to beauty and to truth. Therefore, the Catholic school, when it is faithful to its name, becomes a space of inclusion, integral formation and human promotion. Thus, combining faith and culture, it sows the future, honors the image of God and builds a better society" (72).

    All this affects not only personal life but also social and political life, with the help of science and technology: the structural causes of poverty, the structures of sin and extreme inequalities must be combated. The institutions of the Church must also be involved in the effort to eradicate poverty.

    The magisterium and specifically the Social Doctrine of the Church (cf. chapter IV) has been insisting on attention to the poor not only for sociological and justice reasons, but also for Christological reasons. Paul VI insisted that every poor person represents and reflects Christ. And subsequent popes have stressed the primacy of the criterion of the universal destination of goods and the need to work for the common good. Pope Francis and the magisterium of the CELAM made a particular commitment to serve the poor and to oppose the dictatorship of an economy that kills (92)

    Personal holiness calls for social commitment

    "It must always be remembered that the proposal of the Gospel is not only that of an individual and intimate relationship with the Lord (...) To the extent that he succeeds in reigning among us, social life will be an environment of fraternity, justice, peace and dignity for all. Then, both the proclamation and the Christian experience tend to provoke social consequences" (96).

    As already pointed out by the Aparecida document (2007), this requires listening to the poor, valuing them in their own goodness, accompanying them, evangelizing them (with priority religious attention) and allowing ourselves to be evangelized by them, helping them to transform their situation. And we all win: "Only by comparing our complaints with their sufferings and deprivations, it is possible to receive a reproach that invites us to simplify our life" (102).

    In the center and in the heart

    Love for the poor is therefore a continuing challenge (chapter V) and an urgent appeal to all, especially to believers. "It is the evangelical guarantee of a Church faithful to the heart of God" (103).

    But this presupposes rejecting the temptation to neglect others, especially the weakest. "Let us say it, we have grown in many respects, although we are illiterate in accompanying, caring for and sustaining the most fragile and weakest in our developed societies" (105).

    – Supernatural holiness cannot be understood apart from the living recognition of the dignity of every human being. As Pope Francis said, the fact that the sight of suffering bothers us, disturbs us and we do not want to waste our time on it "are symptoms of a sick society".

    Echoing Pope Francis, Leo XIV insists that "the poor for Christians are not a sociological category, but the very flesh of Christ" (110). For this reason he proposes to situate them at the center of the Church and in the heart of each of the faithful. This is also why he points out that each community of the Church must strive to include everyone, at the risk of running the risk of spiritual worldliness and even dissolution.

    The religious aspect is inseparable from integral promotion. In this sense, it is not enough to "pray and teach true doctrine" (cf. 114), as if authentic prayer and authentic doctrine did not imply a concrete concern for the integral good of each and every person.

    Finally, he points out the timeliness and importance of the almsAlmsgiving continues to be a necessary moment of contact, of encounter and identification with the situation of others" (115), although it does not exempt from intelligence and work, from the social responsibilities and commitments of both institutions and individuals. And he concludes by closing the initial outline: "Whether through the work you do, or your commitment to change unjust social structures, or through those simple gestures of help, very close and personal, it will be possible for the poor to feel that the words of Jesus are for him: 'I have loved you' (Rev 3:9) (121).

    The World

    Church on Gaza peace plan: relief and hope

    On September 30, US President Donald Trump announced a peace plan for Gaza. The following day, Pope Leo XIV considered it "realistic". Then Cardinal Pizzaballa, the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, hailed it as "good news". Caritas Jerusalem now views the developments with "deep relief and hope".

    Francisco Otamendi-October 9, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

    The position of Pope Leo XIV and the Catholic Church on the announcement and evolution of President Trump's Gaza peace plan is hopeful. The Pontiff himself considered it "realistic" one day after being presented, on September 30. It was in a meeting with journalists at the gates of Villa Barberini, in Castel Gandolfo, shortly before returning to the Vatican for the Audience on October 1, according to the Vatican agency and collected Omnes.

    Two weeks earlier, the Pope himself had expressed His "profound closeness to the Palestinian people in Gaza, who continue to live in fear and unacceptable conditions, forcibly displaced on their own land". Leo XIV renewed his "appeal for a cease-fire and the release of the hostages. To a negotiated diplomatic solution, to full respect for international humanitarian law". And at the same time, he intensified the request to pray the Rosary for peace in the world.

    Caritas Jerusalem

    After the announcement of the plan, there were the positive statements of Patriarch Pizaballa, even if it was "a first step, a first phase", but "now we have to rejoice for this important step", he said.

    Caritas Jerusalem has also welcomed the announcement and the first news "with gratitude and hope". Its initial note recalled that "our Secretary General, Anton Asfar, expressed his deep relief and hope upon hearing the news of the agreement to end the war and release prisoners, detainees and abductees from both sides." Exactly, it read as follows:

    "This morning we woke up to the news of the agreement to end the war and release prisoners, detainees and abductees from both sides. All our colleagues in Gaza are delighted with the news and are keen to help all those affected by the war: the patients, the victims and the bereaved in Gaza. In the next phase, we hope to rebuild the spirits of the people in the Holy Land, and specifically in Gaza." 

    Now, as new details about the agreements between Israel and Hamas (upcoming release of hostages, etc.) become known, Caritas Jerusalem welcomes this announcement "with gratitude and hope. We await details on the opening of all humanitarian corridors for the delivery of aid, and we reaffirm our unwavering commitment to stand by the people of Gaza as they begin the long road of healing, recovery and reconstruction." 

    Cardinal Pizzaballa thinks about reconstruction

    Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem and President of Caritas Jerusalem, cautiously notes: "There will certainly be other obstacles. But now we have to rejoice for this important step that will bring a little more confidence in the future and also a new hope, especially to the population, both Israeli and Palestinian. And now we finally see something new and different." 

    In his view, "now there will also be a new atmosphere for the continuation of negotiations, also for the whole life inside Gaza, which will remain terrible for a long time. But now we are happy. And we hope that this is just the beginning of a new phase in which little by little we can start thinking not about the war, but about how to rebuild after the war." 

    Medical and humanitarian aid

    Caritas Jerusalem reports that its operations at five of the ten medical points, including its main medical center, had been suspended since September 22, 2025, when the evacuation in Gaza began. 

    As of yesterday, 102 Caritas employees continued their vital work in South Wadi (Gaza), operating in the five remaining medical points. In addition, three new medical points were inaugurated yesterday in South Wadi (Gaza) to further expand humanitarian aid.

    The peace plan

    Trump's peace plan includes twenty points to end the conflict between Israel and Hamas. It proposes an immediate ceasefire, followed by the release of the Israeli hostages still being held. Israel would withdraw its forces slightly, a technical withdrawal, to an agreed line as part of that first step. At the time of writing, Israel and Hamas had reached agreement on the first phase of the peace plan.

    The authorFrancisco Otamendi

    Read more
    The Vatican

    Vatican presents apostolic exhortation 'Dilexi te'.

    Dilexi Te, Pope Leo XIV's first apostolic exhortation, which he inherited from Pope Francis, was published and presented today at the Vatican.

    Maria José Atienza-October 9, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

    Cardinals Michael Czerny S.J. and Konrad Krajewski, prefects of the Dicasteries for Integral Human Development and for Charity, respectively, were in charge of presenting Dilexi Tethe first apostolic exhortation signed by Robert Prevost.

    The presentation was also attended by Franciscan Frédéric-Marie Le Méhauté and Sister Clémence of the Little Sisters of Jesus. 

    Dilexi te, signed by the Pope on October 4, 2009.The Apostolic Exhortation on the feast of St. Francis of Assisi is the first magisterial document of Pope Leo XIV, who inherited this text from Pope Francis, as explained at the beginning of the Apostolic Exhortation. 

    Robert Prevost has finalized and revised this apostolic exhortation, which consists of 121 points and largely reflects the Church's main messages on social inequality, poverty and the responsibilities of the most developed countries. 

    A social and theological issue

    Bishop Czerny wanted to emphasize how the document shows that "poverty is a social theme and a theological theme, because the Lord speaks to the Church, faith becomes real" through them. He also wanted to underline how "poverty comes from the structures that perpetuate differences, from that economy that kills, that measures human value by productivity".

    "The Church," continued the Prefect of the Dicastery for Integral Human Development, "denounces the false impartiality of the market and focuses on the conversion of structures. It advocates a form of social repentance that restores dignity to invisible people."

    The poor are the face of Christ

    For its part, Msgr. Konrad Krajewski, Prefect of the Dicastery for Charity and Apostolic Almoner, wanted to emphasize how Pope Leo XIV, at the beginning of his pontificate, confirmed him in his work as the person in charge of charity in the Holy See and highlighted the "two thousand year history" of the Church in its attention to the most vulnerable. A history that is made today, as Jesus did "in the Gospel there is today. Christ goes to Zacchaeus' house 'right now', he orders to feed the crowds 'right now'".

    "Love for those who are poor is the evangelical guarantee of a Church faithful to the heart of Christ," Msgr. Krajewski recalled. "Attention will be diverse, as has been seen over the centuries, but it will always have to exist because it is in the poor that the Church recognizes the face of Christ." In this regard, the apostolic almoner recalled an anecdote with Pope Francis: Krajewski complained that he did not reach everything, despite the showers in the Vatican, medical care, etc., and the Pope told him: 'You help Christ directly and you regret it?'

    Finally, the apostolic almoner wanted to emphasize the importance of almsgiving, which occupies the last part of the Apostolic Exhortation, and that almsgiving, "which today does not enjoy a good reputation, often
    even among believers. Not only is it not practiced, it is despised."

    Being Church with the poor

    The presentation concluded with a testimonial intervention by Sister Clémence, of the Little Sisters of Jesus, who was able to share her experience with the Roma communities. Sister Clémence emphasized how, through this document, "the Holy Father invites us to recognize the 'mysterious wisdom that God wants to communicate to us through them'. Following their example, we rediscover solidarity, which we often quickly forget in our eagerness to preserve our riches".

    The presentation concluded with a reflection by Friar Frédéric-Marie Le Méhauté, a Franciscan, who gave a summary of Dilexi TeHe especially emphasized how it is a document that highlights the work of the Church for the poor and with the poor: "Dilexi Te reminds us of the need to commit ourselves to the poor, to give to the poor, especially through almsgiving. However, he stresses that it is essential to learn how to act with them".

    In the coming hours, Omnes will publish a complete reflection on this first apostolic exhortation of Pope Leo XIV by the priest and theologian, Ramiro Pellitero.

    Education

    The Legacy of St. Catherine Drexel: 100 Years of Her Black Catholic University

    In a city famous for its seemingly innate ability to hold parades, parties and social events, Xavier University of Louisiana's centennial has focused on the gifts of faith, love and reading the signs of the times. St. Xavier was founded in 1925 by St. Katharine Drexel.  

    OSV / Omnes-October 9, 2025-Reading time: 7 minutes

    - Peter Finney Jr. (New Orleans, OSV News)

    Xavier University was founded in 1925 on the initiative of St. Catherine Drexel (Philadelphia 1858 - Cornwells Heights 1955), thanks to the financial strength of the multimillion-dollar inheritance she received from her father's Philadelphia banking estate.

    There are legendary stories of how the socially conscious heiress - a slender but energetic nun who overcame the hostility and indifference of society and the church - established an incredible network of schools, churches and missions specifically for blacks and Native Americans.

    Ahead of its time

    In fact, Santa Catalina was almost a century ahead of his time in demanding civil rights for the invisible and oppressed, pushing the Catholic Church in the U.S. on the road to racial integration.

    The jewel in the crown of the education system of the Santa Catalina was Xavier University of Louisiana, the only Catholic institution of higher education established exclusively for African Americans in the Western Hemisphere. The university culminated its centennial with a Mass at St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans on October 1. 

    Xavier, known for its pharmacy and premed programs, continues to be a national leader in sending African-American graduates to medical school.

    Louisiana Medical School

    In 1927, he established an innovative pharmacy program to train African Americans to work in underserved communities in rural Louisiana. And now, Xavier is embarking on his most ambitious project yet. A multi-year project that will culminate in the launch of Louisiana's fourth medical school, in partnership with Ochsner Health.

    One of the overall goals of the Xavier Ochsner School of Medicine will be to increase the number of underrepresented African-American and other ethnic medical professionals. Louisiana ranks third nationally in underrepresentation per capita.

    "If you look at what Mother Catherine founded at Xavier, it was expected to be a school that interpreted the signs of the times," Reynold Verret, Xavier's president since 2015, told OSV News. "He didn't found the pharmacy school right away, but there was a perceived need. Establishing a medical school involves interpreting the signs of the times and determining where education is needed, and where Xavier can contribute significantly."

    In 2019, in another partnership with Ochsner, Xavier established a physician assistant program as a way to expand its workforce of licensed and highly qualified healthcare professionals.

    Stained glass window of St. Catherine Drexel at St. Stephen Martyr Catholic Church (Chesapeake, Virginia) (Nheyob, Creative Commons, Wikimedia Commons).

    The spiritual mission of St. Catherine

    Katharine Drexel's story is mind-boggling and extends far beyond the millions of dollars she invested in establishing and supporting 65 schools, churches, and centers in 21 states through her religious order, the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament.

    But in an age when Americans are obsessed with Powerball lotteries and the stock market, the money Katharine Drexel gave away is a powerful, countercultural sign. Indeed, she was someone with a unique spiritual mission.

    His father's estate 

    Check this out. When his father, Francis Drexel, died in 1885, the influential banker left an estate of $15.5 million that was divided among his three daughters - Elizabeth, Catherine (Katharine's birth name) and Louise. 

    Approximately $1.5 million went to various charities, and the girls shared in the income generated by the $14 million, about $1,000 per day for each woman.

    In today's dollars, the estate would be worth approximately $250 million. Over 60 years, until her death in 1955 at age 96, Mother Katharine spent some $20 million to support her work. Building schools and churches and paying teachers' salaries in rural schools for black and indigenous people.

    The sisters

    Louise Drexel Morell, her younger sister, contributed millions to similar causes. Elizabeth, the older sister, died in 1890 in premature childbirth, a year before Catherine founded the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for Indians and Negroes in Bensalem, Pennsylvania, just outside Philadelphia.

    Francis Drexel drafted his will with great care. His daughters controlled the income of the estate and, after his death, Drexel's estate would pass to his children. Drexel did this to prevent his unmarried daughters from falling into the clutches of "gold diggers."

    However, neither Catherine nor Louise had children, and the will stipulated that, if that happened, upon the death of their daughters, the money would be distributed among various religious orders and charities: the Society of Jesus, the Christian Brothers, the Religious of the Sacred Heart, a Lutheran hospital and others.

    Statue of St. Katharine Drexel at St. Thomas More Cathedral in Arlington, Virginia (Farragutful, Wikimedia Commons).

    Mother Katharine's longevity

    Drexel, of course, had no way of knowing that her "Kate" would enter religious life in 1889 and two years later found her Order. Thus, after her death in 1955, the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament no longer had Drexel's fortune to sustain their ministries.

    Norman Francis, Xavier's president from 1968 to 2015, always considered Mother Katharine's longevity, especially after the severe heart attack she suffered in 1935, a miracle.

    "Xavier is a miracle not only for all that he has done, but for the mere fact that he has survived and thrived," Francis said before Catherine was canonized in 2000 by St. John Paul II. "If she had died at the normal age of 70, which at that time would have been an advanced age, Xavier would have had difficulties.

    But God allowed her to live to 96, and we could count on that interest for many more years." Many believe that Kate's stepmother, Emma Bouvier, planted the seeds of her religious vocation.

    Francis Drexel, his father 

    Francis Drexel married Bouvier a few years after the death of his first wife, Hannah, who had died after giving birth to Kate in 1858. Twice a week, the Drexels distributed food, clothing and rent assistance from their family home in Philadelphia.

    Kate made her social debut in Philadelphia in 1879, but her stepmother contracted cancer shortly thereafter. Kate cared for her during the last three years of her life and realized that even the Drexels' immense fortune could not prevent Emma's death in 1883. Kate began to consider a religious vocation.

    Kate was still in shock over her father's death when she and her sisters traveled to Europe in 1886, hoping that she would regain some physical vigor. 

    Pope Leo XIII

    The vacation culminated in Rome in January 1887, when Pope Leo XIII received the Drexel sisters in a private audience. Kate told the pope of her deep attraction to the contemplative life, but also described the plight of the Indians in North America.

    "It has seemed to me more than once, Your Holiness, that I must also help them with my personal work among them. And if I enter a cloistered congregation, I might be abandoning those whom God wants me to help," he told the Pope. "Perhaps Your Holiness will appoint a congregation that will devote all its time and effort to the indigenous missions."

    Why not be a missionary yourself, my child?"

    Pope Leo XIII responded with a question, "But why not be a missionary yourself, my daughter?"

    Arriving in the anteroom after the meeting, Kate burst into tears, knowing she no longer had to wait. Her decision shocked Philadelphia social circles. The Philadelphia Public Ledger ran this headline, "Miss Drexel enters Catholic convent and gives up seven million."

    In 1915, when Mother Katharine bought an abandoned college building to open Xavier Preparatory School in New Orleans, vandals smashed all the windows.

    Criticism of the investment

    In the late 1920s, when Mother Catherine found property in New Orleans to expand Xavier University, she turned to a third party purchasing agent to keep the transaction from falling through. 

    When the elegant campus opened in October 1932, a priest gazed at the expensive Indiana limestone buildings and commented in Latin: "O vastum!" ("What a waste!").

    Blessed Catalina never heard the comment. The woman who had spent $656,000 on the land and new buildings watched the dedication ceremony from a third floor window, away from the dignitaries' platform.

    We are all children of God

    "His response to the New York Times reporter, who asked him why he spent so much money, especially on expensive stone for his buildings, was, 'Don't they deserve the best?" said Verret. "He had a deeply Christian conception of humanity: that, basically, we are all children of God."

    Ronnie Owens, 72, a 1975 accounting graduate, recalled how he washed dishes and served food in Xavier's cafeteria. He did it during his last two years at nearby Booker T. Washington High School. And then he managed warehouse inventory as a Xavier college student in exchange for free tuition.

    "If it hadn't been for me, when I was a high school student working there, I would say there was a 100 % chance I wouldn't have been at Xavier University," Owens said.

    Alumni speak

    Milton Granger, in charge of student affairs at Xavier at the time, spotted Owens, 18, in the cafeteria and told him to show up the following Saturday to take the SAT. Owens loved math in high school.

    "My SAT score was pretty high," said Owens, who became an administrative assistant under Ernest 'Dutch' Morial, the city's first black mayor. "In the four years I prepared at Xavier for high school, I didn't have to pay a dime."

    Dominique Bell, a 2009 pharmacy student and four-time Gulf Coast Athletic Conference Player of the Year in tennis, said her background allowed her to move smoothly into a career as a retail pharmacist. And later as a clinical pharmacist in long-term care in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson.

    "Xavier is very selective in choosing its students for those programs," Bell said. "It requires a certain GPA just to get into pharmacy school. And the same goes for their ability to place all those (future) physicians in medical school. There's a high bar."

    "We educate where there is a need," Verret said. "I assure you that someone after me will interpret the signs of the times and say, 'We don't need this anymore. We need to move in this direction.'"

    ——————–

    This information has been originally published in OSV News, and can be found at here.

    Peter Finney Jr. is the former executive editor of the Clarion Herald, official newspaper of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. He writes for OSV News from New Orleans.

    ——————

    The authorOSV / Omnes

    Books

    In the name of the Holy Office': the Inquisition as seen through the eyes of a real case

    Sally Santiago recreates a real trial of the Spanish Inquisition in a short novel that combines historical rigor and literary plot.

    José Carlos Martín de la Hoz-October 9, 2025-Reading time: 4 minutes

    Let's start by remembering that the literary genre historical novel has gained an unusual space in our bookstores as can be seen in any of the most important ones, where the space dedicated to this subject has multiplied and where successful authors have grown enormously.

    Logically, the incorporation of good historians and cultured and well-documented writers has contributed to this. Herein lies the success of the historical novel: to be faithful to the historical facts and, above all, to capture the mentality of the period in which it is set. Indeed, the reader is perfectly aware of whether the events being narrated correspond to the period: that is to say, that perhaps it did not happen exactly that way, but it could perfectly well have happened.

    Precisely, when the pact between the writer and the reader is broken and the characters are placed in the current mentality or in another imaginary one, perhaps some copies can be sold among inexperienced readers, but, immediately the word of falsehood spreads and the works of that author will be in dead end, for lack of historical rigor and documentation: nobody likes to be deceived and even more in this time where there are more and more people with studies and knowledge of the cause.

    In this sense, our authors who are not historians should try to read good treatises on history and realistic novelists of the period in which they are working, because in this way they will be formed and will incorporate the results of recent research.  

    Now we wish to deal with a recent historical novel, in order to apply what we have been discussing. In the case of the Inquisition, especially the Spanish Inquisition, it has experienced a remarkable boom from 1975 to the present day. It is enough to know that, in the first ten years of Franco's death, when censorship disappeared, more works were published on the Inquisitorial tribunal in Spain than in all of history. Both with works of serious research and dissemination. 

    A real case before the Inquisition

    Specifically, let us comment on the recent work of Sally Santiago (Madrid 1966), an author of historical novels, a specialist in micro-stories who has embarked on writing a short novel set in the Spanish Inquisition in the seventeenth century.

    Indeed, the author situates the work well, has read some popular works and has approached a cause still little studied, hence she points out on the back cover, to attract readers, that it is "based on a real documented process of the Inquisition".

    Logically, the author poses an attractive plot: "A child is found dead in his crib. His body, with strange signs and bruised, soon becomes irrefutable proof for those looking for culprits. A young maid known for her love spells and her closeness to an unstable couple. What begins as a domestic drama ends up before the judges of the Holy Inquisition, shrouded in superstitions, rumors and confessions that are only uttered in the torture chambers".

    As we have just shown, the author plays with various commonplaces and set phrases attributed to the Inquisition tribunal in order to attract readers. This will become increasingly difficult as history books and teachers explain to students the reality of the inquisitorial process.

    First of all, let us recall that the Tribunal of the Inquisition was set up in Castile in 1478 by Pope Sixtus IV to investigate ("inquisitio" means investigation) the crime of Judaizing heresy that had spread in Castile since the massive conversions of Jews in Castile since 1390.

    The objective of the inquisitorial process was to determine whether the "supposed heretic" had really committed a crime of heresy, that is, whether he was a formal and material heresy and whether he was persistent in his heresy or not. As is known, the crime of heresy was considered a crime of "lèse majesté". If counterfeiting currency was a crime of "lèse majesté" punishable by death, in the same way, counterfeiting the faith was also considered a crime of "lèse majesté" and, if the defendant was persistent in heresy, he could be handed over to the secular arm for execution.

    If changing the faith by denying some of the articles of the creed was a sin of heresy, apostatizing from the Christian faith adopted by baptism to return to the law of Moses would be the worst of heresies: apostasy.

    At a time when the Catholic kings were seeking the unity of the kingdoms of Spain under the crown, unity in the faith was considered capital for the maintenance of the kingdom. In addition, faith was the most appreciated value in society and the most sold books were the Bible and the "ars moriendi", how to prepare oneself to die well in order to reach heaven.

    The Holy Father John Paul II in a moving ceremony on March 12, 2000 asked forgiveness for all the sins of all Christians of all times and especially for the use of violence to defend the faith. 

    This is the theological error of the Inquisition, to force the conversion of the heretic, to procure his repentance under the threat of the death penalty for the obstinate heretic. Heresy was the worst social sin.

    Finally, let us remember that the Spanish Inquisition paid little attention to witchcraft. First, because it was not a heresy, but a sin against religion, and also because in the few cases that were studied in the Tribunal of Logroño in the sixteenth century, it was found that the defendants usually had mental problems.

    The Inquisition was abolished by the Cortes of Cadiz and later by King Ferdinand VII in 1834. But the Inquisition left behind an even more serious error, which was the inquisitorial mentality that leads to impose distrust on those who stray from the true faith, instead of trying to attract them back to the truth through persuasion.

    On behalf of the Holy Office

    AuthorSally Santiago
    Editorial: Almuzara
    Pages: 160
    Year: 2025

    Children with discipline, adults with will

    We have lost the ability to educate in will and discipline, the roots of respect and emotional maturity. Recovering them is urgent if we want to heal our relationships and form strong and happy children.

    October 9, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

    We are normalizing toxic human relationships. Adults claiming rights by crushing rights. Marriages that break up due to immaturity and bad habits; addictions, suicides, murders, exacerbated violence. All this is the result of not having been trained to develop willpower, that powerful energy that leads us to practice good.  

    Scenes in which we observe impulsive, disobedient, disrespectful and disrespectful children who demand immediacy in the fulfillment of their wishes are becoming more and more common. Parents receive diagnoses about their behavior and children with ODD (Oppositional Defiant Syndrome) or those with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) traits multiply. They are given a verdict and medication pretending that they will be fine. In addition, a series of measures are usually recommended that are rarely carried out and we can see that the medication was in fact insufficient, it did not help. 

    Why?

    I believe that the culture that surrounds us invites us to obtain results effortlessly at home. It leads us to put effort outside the home: work is absorbing, we are overwhelmed by social commitments, the competition for success understood as money that allows us to consume more consumes us, social networks, screens that offer perfect virtual lives... There are many things that distract us from our sublime educational mission.

    Parents of a child with the symptoms I have described will be recommended:

    1. Calm. Yelling and impulsiveness can make the situation worse. Take your distance before responding to defiant behavior.
    2. Clear limits. Rules are set and consistent and predictable consequences are applied.
    3. Create a structured daily routine. Predictability reduces stress. Good hygiene habits, getting up early, eating a good breakfast, doing homework, helping with chores, little screen time, good table manners, etc. 
    4. The child can express how he/she feels but aggressive or rude behavior will not be tolerated.. "I understand that you are angry but you need to respect everyone especially Mom."
    5. Give clear and concise instruction and be firm..

    These suggestions are really for everyone. The great evil of interpersonal relationships has at its base a common cause: willpower has not been developed. We are not building strong scaffolding that only comes with discipline. It is said that 80% of our problems are solved with discipline.

    Albert Einstein said: there is a driving force more powerful than steam, electricity and atomic energy: the will. Willpower drives progress, it leads us to the desired good. It implies knowing how to wait for the reward. To raise it and to go for it. 

    • I want a healthy body, I need to give it good nutrition, exercise and rest.  
    •  I wish to be successful in my job, I will study, practice, make proposals, apply myself with devotion... 
    • I long for a happy marriage, I will prepare myself for it, I will make the necessary changes, I will live the respect and the details of affection even if sometimes I lack the desire...

    Willpower is forged and manifested in discipline, which is indispensable for the achievement of objectives; it is the bridge between goals and achievements, as Jim Rohn says.

    Several authors who speak of the education of the will argue: 

    Willpower education is a gradual process of learning and practice that helps develop self-control, self-discipline and the ability to achieve long-term goals, overcoming instant gratification. Like a muscle, the will is strengthened by constant exercise and weakened by lack of use.

    If we have children who do not practice respect, order, responsibility, kindness, generosity, with or without a syndrome diagnosis, we need to discipline them and strengthen their will. Let's go for it! This is educating in values, modeling by example to make them virtuous people. Let this be our goal and they will become mature, stable and happy adults. 

    God's word instructs us about discipline. Some of the verses that shed light on this subject are:

    And you, fathers, do not make your children angry, but bring them up according to the discipline and instruction of the Lord (Eph. 6:4). For the Lord disciplines those whom he loves, as a father corrects his beloved son (Prov. 3:11-12).

    Certainly, no discipline, at the time of receiving it, seems pleasant, but rather painful; nevertheless, afterwards it produces a harvest of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it.(Heb. 12:11).

    We are distracted. Let's return to our essence and live what we were designed for: love. It takes effort, preparation and starting over as many times as it takes. And it's worth it!

    All athletes train with great discipline. They do it for a crown that spoils, but we do it for a crown that lasts forever (1 Cor. 9:25).

    The authorLupita Venegas

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    Gospel

    The importance of gratitude. 28th Sunday in Ordinary Time (C)

    Joseph Evans comments on the readings for Sunday 28th Sunday in Ordinary Time (C) corresponding to October 12, 2025.

    Joseph Evans-October 9, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    Both the first reading and the Gospel of today's Mass present us with the healing of a leper. Leprosy was the most feared disease in ancient Israel, leading to the exclusion of its victims from society and requiring a strictly prescribed ritual for the reintegration of the cured person.

    The fact that the leper had to appear before a priest both to verify the disease and its cure - in order to be able to return to normal society (cf. Lev 14) - helps us to consider it as a prefiguration of sin and its "cure" in the sacrament of Confession. Just as the priests of the Old Testament judged sickness and announced its healing, the priests of the New Covenant-with the power to bind and loose given to them by Christ (cf. Jn 20:21-23 and Mt 18:18)-also judge sin with a view to forgiving it.

    In the first reading, the healer is a prophet, Elisha, and the healing leads the healed man, the Syrian (and therefore pagan) Naaman, to recognize the one true God. Linked to the healing (though not mentioned in today's brief text) is Naaman's humility in listening to his servants and obeying Elisha, who asked him to perform the relatively simple task of washing seven times in the Jordan. In other words, there is no elaborate ritual, let alone magic, and Naaman, a great general, has to perform a very basic action that he could perfectly well have done in the rivers of his own city, Damascus. Naaman, with a very territorial notion of deity and a god's ability to act, takes with him some local land to continue worshipping the God of Israel.

    Jesus, a greater prophet than Elisha, heals the ten lepers who come to him begging for mercy. Although, according to Jewish custom, He tells them to come before the priests, the fact that they are cured along the way makes it clear that He Himself is the true High Priest, the true representative between God and man. In both senses, as priest and prophet, He reveals Himself as the true mediator between mankind and God, being Himself both human and divine.

    Once again, a foreigner (if not pagan) is the hero of the action, for it is a Samaritan who returns to give thanks, while the nine Israelites do not. And again, a foreigner discovers the true God, Jesus, through this physical healing. In this episode, a key lesson is the importance of gratitude. Today's readings invite us to do with gratitude the little things God asks of us, knowing that, with faith in him, these will lead to a deeper spiritual healing of our soul.

    Books

    Cocaine in the 21st century: mobiles and mental health in minors.

    The doctor in psychology Gustavo Rodriguez warns of a duplication of mental health problems in children and adolescents. The main protagonist: technologies.

    Teresa Aguado Peña-October 8, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    A few days before the celebration of World Mental Health Day next Friday, the association "Teléfono de la Esperanza" has presented today at its headquarters in Madrid the book "La salud mental de niños y adolescentes", by the doctor in Psychology Gustavo Rodriguez, published by San Pablo.

    At the press conference, in which Carlos Grande (president of the Madrid Telephone of Hope) and Gustavo Rodríguez (author of the book) took part, they discussed the alarming increase in mental health problems among minors and what can be done about it.

    According to a study by the University of La Rioja, 41 % of minors claim to have mental health problems (more than 3 million children in Spain), 20 % present suicidal ideation and 15% have diagnosed depression. More than 400,000 minors have had suicide attempts. "This is data, data and more data, but these are children and families suffering and they are too many for what we were used to before the pandemic". Thus, Gustavo speaks of a "post-pandemic crisis", pointing out anxiety, depression and eating disorders, which have doubled in recent years, as the main problems.

    Gustavo states that these problems affect younger and younger children, appearing more and more prematurely. And he sees a clear correlation with the fact that younger and younger children are using these technologies and are being given cell phones before their time. He explains that the problem is not the technologies themselves, but the way they are designed: "there are studies that show that technologies have the same level of addiction as cocaine, the same brain areas are activated".

    What can be done to reverse this "pandemic"?

    As a teacher and psychologist, the book's author speaks of the importance of attentive and sympathetic listening. "Children are not trying to get our attention. They are really suffering," he explains. "When interventions are made with parents and they do to better understand their child, that listening alone produces an almost immediate improvement in the child's mental health" he says.

    For his part, Carlos Grande points out that nowadays the value of listening is not properly appreciated: "On the Internet there are a thousand courses on how to speak in public but there are very few videos on how to listen. And it is the least developed part but the most powerful to approach a person". He tells how many of the calls they make to the Telephone of Hope end with thanks for the chance to be heard: "An old man called one night and told me that he hadn't spoken to anyone for a week. He just wanted to talk, so we did.

    Gustavo insists on the need for prevention with laws regulating the use of technologies by minors, with training for parents, emotional intelligence courses at all school stages and with a society committed to protecting minors. Raising awareness about this is precisely what he seeks to do with his new book, whose royalties will go entirely to the Telephone of Hope, to support its work in the fight against this pandemic.

    Child and adolescent mental health

    AuthorGustavo Rodriguez
    EditorialSt. Paul's
    Pages: 244
    Year: 2025
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    The Vatican

    Pope encourages Consecrated Life, stresses that God comes in pain

    Leo XIV this morning thanked the men and women religious gathered for the Jubilee of Consecrated Life for their "valuable service to the Gospel and to the Church". He also stressed in the Audience that God visits us in pain and suffering, not only when things are going well.

    Editorial Staff Omnes-October 8, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

    In St. Peter's Square with more than sixty thousand faithful, Pope Leo XIV today thanked the religious men and women gathered for the Jubilee of Consecrated Life for their "valuable service to the Gospel and to the Church (...)".

    Do not tire of bearing witness to hope on the many frontiers of the modern world, knowing how to identify with missionary daring new paths of evangelization and human promotion," he said in Italian.

    In the catechesis of the AudienceOn the occasion of the Jubilee Year, the Pope focused this morning on the exclamation of the disciples on the road to Emmaus. As Jesus was leaving, they said, 'Did not our hearts burn within us'" (Lk 24:32).

    The Rosary for peace

    He has also alluded to the Virgin Mary on numerous occasions when addressing pilgrims in various languages, today also in Croatian. 

    For example, to the English language: "As I greet with special affection the religious and consecrated persons participating in the Jubilee of Consecrated Life, I encourage you to look to the Blessed Virgin Mary. She is 'the sublime model of consecration to the Father, union with the Son and openness to the Spirit' (Vita Consecrata, 28). May God bless you all!".

    And to the German-speaking people: "Dear brothers and sisters, the month of October is dedicated to the prayer of the Holy Rosary. Therefore, I invite you all to pray the Rosary every day for peace in the world. May the Blessed Virgin Mary accompany you always".

    The Risen One draws near in darkness and suffering

    In its meditation On the disciples of Emmaus, one of the Pope's conclusions was to see the Lord in pain and suffering.

    At Christ's Passover, "everything can become grace. Even the most ordinary things: eating, working, waiting, taking care of the house, supporting a friend," he began.

    The Resurrection does not take the life out of time and effort, but changes their meaning and their "flavor" (...). (...) However, there is an obstacle that often prevents us from recognizing this presence of Christ in everyday life: the pretension that joy must be without wounds".

    Unable to smile...

    The disciples of Emmaus walked sadly because they expected another ending, a Messiah who did not know the cross, the Pontiff pointed out. "Despite having heard that the tomb is empty, they are unable to smile." 

    But Jesus is at their side and, with patience, helps them to understand that pain is not the denial of the promise, but the way in which God has manifested the measure of his love (cf. Lk 24:13-27). 

    "When at last they sit down at table with him and break bread, their eyes are opened. And they realize that their hearts were already burning, though they did not know it (cf. Lk 24:28-32)." 

    No fall is definitive

    This is the greatest surprise: to discover that beneath the ashes of disenchantment and weariness there is always a live ember, waiting to be rekindled, the Pope encouraged.

    "Brothers and sisters, Christ's resurrection teaches us that there is no history so marked by disappointment or sin that it cannot be visited by hope. 

    No fall is final, no night is eternal, no wound is destined to remain open forever".

    Jesus comes in our failures, in our pain, in our pain.

    Sometimes we think that the Lord only comes to visit us in moments of recollection or spiritual fervor, when we feel strong, when our life seems orderly and luminous, reflected Leo XIV.

    "Instead, the Risen One draws near in the darkest places: in our failures, in worn-out relationships, in the daily toils that weigh on our shoulders, in the doubts that discourage us. Nothing of what we are, no fragment of our existence is alien to him". 

    The joy of starting over

    "Let us ask, then, for the grace to recognize his humble and discreet presence, not to expect a life without trials, to discover that every pain, if it is inhabited by love, can become a place of communion."

    "And so, as the disciples of EmmausWe too return to our homes with a heart that burns with joy. A simple joy that does not erase the wounds, but illuminates them. A joy that is born of the certainty that the Lord is alive, that he walks with us and gives us at every moment the possibility to start again".

    The authorEditorial Staff Omnes

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    Evangelization

    P. Desiderio García, new Prior General of the Carmelites: "Our origin is Asian".

    The Order of Carmel has a new Prior General, elected in Indonesia. Desiderio Garcia (France, 1970), until now prior and pastor of the Carmelites of Ayala (Madrid). "We were born in the Holy Land. Our origin is Asian," he told Omnes. "Contemplation, with compassionate hands, is the best gift we can offer to the world and to the Church," he adds.

    Francisco Otamendi-October 8, 2025-Reading time: 7 minutes

    The Carmelite Province of Aragon, Castile and Valencia was the quickest in count it. September 19. "Desiderio Garcia, new Prior General. General Chapter, Malang 2025", said the news. In fact, at the General Chapter of Malang (Indonesia), Fr. Desiderio was elected Prior General in 2025. Prior General of the Order of the Brothers of the Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel for the next six years (2025-2031).

    Born in Orange (France), in Provence, in 1970, of Spanish parents, "I am the son of emigrants," he told Omnes. Desiderio, O. Carm., has three degrees, in Ecclesiastical Studies, Biblical Theology and Hebrew Philology. He has been a member of various international commissions in the Carmelite Order. 

    For six years he has been Prior Provincial of the Carmelites of the Province of Aragon, Castile and Valencia of St. John of the Cross, twenty-one years Formation Councilor in his Province, and eighteen years Master of Novices. He has been part of formation projects in Salamanca (Spain), Aylesford (United Kingdom), Rome (Italy) and Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic). 

    Desi, as he is colloquially known, was a Councilor for Religious Life, and had been prior and pastor of the Carmelite community of Ayala Street (Madrid) for two years. Having just arrived from the island of Java, and after preaching an Effetà retreat of this parish to many young people, we spoke with him.

    First of all, congratulations, did you expect it? What were your first thoughts? 

    - One never expects these things. I was happily serving, along with my Carmelite brothers, in our Parish of St. Mary of Mount Carmel, known in Madrid as the "Carmelites of Ayala". I learned of my election right there in the chapter hall, once the scrutiny of the first deliberative vote was read, in which it was indicated to me that an absolute majority had been reached. In my case, I felt gratitude for the confidence of the brothers and, at the same time, trembling and fear in the face of the responsibility assumed. 

    These gifts that God gives are in the form of a cross. Our authority is not that of power, glitter or the medal of merit, it is, rather, that of charity, humility, generous service to all, as Jesus did in the washing of the feet. Thus I manifested it to the capitular brothers and to the whole Order communicating to them, after praying it, that I accepted this responsibility as a service of love to God, to the Church and to the Order of Carmel, in each one of the brothers, so that, together, we could carry to fullness the vocation to which we had been called.

    You were born in France, but later lived in Spain.

    - I was born in Orange (France) in 1970. My parents are Spanish, I am the son of emigrants. Orange is located in the French Provence, it is a Roman city with an impressive heritage: the ancient theater and the triumphal arch, both declared World Heritage Sites. It is also known for being an important wine center in France. The wines of Côtes du Rhône as well as the vineyards of Châteauneuf du Pape, where my father worked, have been renowned since the 14th century.

    Orange is sort of like Merida in the French way. I still have friends and family there. The family, when the grandparents grew old and it was necessary to prioritize what to attend to first, returned to Spain. They settled in Onda (Castellón), where I had my first contact with the Carmelites. 

    Desiderio Garcia, in the center, with the two former Priors General.

    The General Chapter was held in Indonesia. Yesterday he commented that the growth of the Order in Asia is high, higher than in other latitudes.

    - It is with great joy that the Carmelite Order, in keeping with the proclamation of the Gospel, is spreading in Asia. It is not superfluous to remember that it is only a round trip, for our origin is Asian. In fact, we were born in Holy LandWe came from there and now the Holy Spirit is taking us there again. We came from there and now the Holy Spirit is taking us there again. 

    Carmel arrived in Indonesia in 1923, 102 years ago, thanks to the generosity and missionary impulse of the Carmelite Province of Holland. Today, in the largest Muslim country in the world, where the Catholic population is only 3 %, there are more than 400 friars and about 200 young people in various stages of formation. The important thing, of course, is not numbers, strategies or calculations. Rather, it is to see how the gift of the Carmelite charism, its values, its spirituality, under the action of the Holy Spirit, continues to bear fruit. 

    Have you had the opportunity to inform Pope Leo XIV of your election? Can you highlight any message from the Pope in these first months?

    - The Procurator General, who is the institutional representative of our Order before the Holy See, is the one who officially communicates it to the Secretary of State in the Vatican. This is the institutional channel. Subsequently, the appointment is notified to all the Dicasteries of the Holy See, with which the Order, for one reason or another, must be in contact. 

    I did not have the opportunity to greet the Holy Father personally because I am not yet in Rome. From the island of Java, where the General Chapter was held in Malang, I returned directly to Madrid. We have a transition period to organize visas, residence permits and administrative matters at the civil and canonical level for the members of the General Council. Once there, once installed, it is the Procurator General who is in charge of requesting an audience with the Holy Father to officially present the Prior General and his Council. 

    I would highlight from Pope Leo XIV's initial message his beautiful message of peace. He pleaded, on the first day, immediately after his election, that the "peace of the risen Christ" touch "all peoples", "all the earth", and that it be "an unarmed peace and a disarming peace". 

    The new Prior General of the Carmelites, Fr. Desiderio Garcia, with the new Nuncio of the Holy See in Spain, Bishop Piero Pioppo, until now Nuncio in Indonesia. The meeting took place in Jakarta a few days ago.

    For those less knowledgeable about the Carmelite Order, tell us about some core feature of the Carmelite charism. 

    - Contemplation is not only the heart of the Carmelite charism, but is in itself the best gift we can offer to the world and the Church. As mendicants we are open to every ministry and apostolate. Now, since we Carmelites carry out our mission among the people first and foremost with the richness of our contemplative life, whatever we do, we are especially attentive to the spiritual journey of the people. 

    I believe that one of Carmel's great prophetic challenges is to help the world today to cultivate the inner life. An interior life that does not take us away from the ordinary life of men, on the contrary, it immerses us more in the pains of humanity. A man of contemplative gaze is a man of compassionate hands. 

    The contemplative "widens his tent," as the prophet Isaiah says, to fit God and all those who come with him: humanity. If one day, all around us, there were no longer any more sick and hungry, abandoned and despised - the minores of whom our mendicant tradition speaks - it is not because there are none, but simply because we do not see them. Authentic contemplation leads us to tenderness and compassion, to touch the wounds of the Body of Christ and to heal wounds. I insist, the quality of our compassion comes from the roots of contemplation.

    Although it may be premature, could you comment on any priorities for your term of office? The other members of the board of directors have also been elected.

    - The Prior General is entrusted by the friars to watch over the common good of the whole Order with docility. For it, he should dedicate his maximum effort so that this one grew in fidelity to its identity (what we call in our language, charisma), as well as to discern in creative form, looking at our world, the new ways where God leads us. 

    This implies accompanying the entire Carmelite Family in cultivating our contemplative attitude in the life of prayer, fraternity and service in the proclamation of the Gospel. This animation, as you can imagine, is not done by remote control. It implies, above all, traveling, looking our brothers and sisters in the face, getting to know the reality, dialoguing with each culture. And above all, to deploy the "apostolate of listening". Living with fidelity the gift received in our Carmelite spirituality, returning to our origins in a creative way, entails several things. On the one hand, the renewal of community life, as a place for accompaniment and unconditional welcome. And on the other, the care of our mission, opening windows of hope to vulnerable, poor and forgotten humanity.

    Yes, indeed, the Prior General is not alone. It would be impossible. A good group of Carmelite friars, called the General Council, of different nationalities, also elected at the General Chapter, help and support this mission of government and spiritual animation: Vice General (Friar Hariawan Adji, Indonesia). General Treasurer (Friar Christian Körner, Germany). Councilor for Europe (Friar Richard Byrne, Ireland). Councilor for the Americas (Friar Nepomuk Willemsen, United States). Councilor for Asia, Australia and Oceania (Friar Robert Thomas Puthussery, India). Councilor for Africa (Burkina Faso, Friar Erik Chrisostome) and Procurator General (Friar Michael Farrugia, Malta).

    If you wish to add anything... 

    - I would like to thank God for your work and place the lives of the readers under the mantle of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, our Mother and Sister. 

    Pablo Mª de la Cruz, O. Carm., a young Carmelite, sick with cancer, who made his Carmelite Profession in articulo mortis (in danger of death). 

    He himself, before his death at the age of 21, wrote a posthumous letter to Pope Francis during WYD Lisbon 2023, telling him: "In Carmel, the Garden of God, the anteroom of Heaven, grows Mary, the Sunflower of God, whom I like to call and imagine as the Virgin of Springtime. I ask her to transform the deserts of sorrow into gardens of consolation, and in her hands I entrust the evangelization of young people". 

    The authorFrancisco Otamendi

    A God-shaped void

    J. K. Rowling, creator of a global cultural phenomenon, reveals her personal struggle with faith in a world where spiritual emptiness translates into confrontation and disconnection. Her reflection invites us to rediscover faith not as mere belief, but as a transformative encounter with God and others.

    October 8, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    J. K. Rowling is, without a doubt, one of the women of our time. From her head emerged a saga that, whether she likes it or not, has the potential to be considered a classic and, in recent years, she has suffered, like few others, the harshness of a culture of cancellation. She had always presented herself as an agnostic but, a few weeks ago, in a long tweet, which is worth reading and thinking about, she declared: "I have struggled with religious faith since my mid-teens. I seem to have a God-shaped void inside me, but I can never seem to decide what to do about it. I could probably list at least twenty more things I have changed my mind about. At present I have no belief that cannot be altered by clear and concrete evidence and, except in one case, I know what that evidence would have to be. The exception is the God conundrum, because I don't know what I would have to see to decide firmly on one side or the other. I guess that's the meaning of faith, to believe without seeing evidence, and so I'll probably go to my grave without resolving that particular personal issue."

    The author of Harry Potter put the spotlight on one of the keys to our current society: the immense emptiness, as immense as the only God capable of filling it, which has undermined the very foundations of coexistence, moving from the logic of encounter to the logic of confrontation. 

    Faith is today the longed-for unknown, the unknown goal in a world that struggles to replace it while confirming, at every step, the ineffectiveness of the substitutes offered to us: glory, fame, economic power or the finite promises of Artificial Intelligence. In one of the catecheses that Pope Benedict XVI delivered, precisely in the Year of Faith, he seemed to respond to this question posed by the British author: It is not a question of accepting only "something" that cannot be seen, but "someone" whom we can love: "Faith gives us precisely this: it is a trusting surrender to a 'You' who is God, who gives me a certainty different from, but no less solid than, that which comes to me from exact calculation or science. Faith is not a simple intellectual assent of man to particular truths about God; it is an act by which I freely entrust myself to a God who is Father and loves me; it is adherence to a 'You' who gives me hope and trust. Of course, this adherence to God is not without content: through it we are aware that God himself has shown himself to us in Christ; he has shown his face and has made himself truly close to each one of us". 

    Filling this void is the task of every Christian in this world. We have no other way of living our faith than "going out". The mission to unite a fragmented, polarized and divided world, but, above all, an empty one, is the translation of living by faith and thus being builders of peace.

    What if the children's greatest danger is in their own room?

    At this point in the 21st century, we adults cannot be naïve in guessing where the greatest risks to young people's education lie.

    October 8, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    One Uber driver left me shaking with his account: "I took a passenger who kept sighing. Ever since he gave a cell phone to his 12-year-old daughter, his relationship with her became complicated. One afternoon he went to knock on his daughter's door; on the other side he heard music, but no answer. He knocked louder, several times, nervousness devoured him and he forced the door. No one was there. The music came from the notebook. Bewildered, the father approached the screen and saw that the tab for Instagram. He sat down to look at the direct messages. A guy had been chatting with her daughter for several months. He was fawning over her, sending her pictures and asking for others. Erotic ones. At the end of the conversation, that guy was inviting her to a secret rendezvous at his house. There was the address, and the acceptance of her little girl, sent about an hour ago. That father got up in a sweat and rushed out to look for her. Thank God, he got her back..

    What strange paradoxes have we gotten ourselves into? Parents worry about their children eating vegetables and not getting cold at night, or take out powerful health insurance in case they catch pneumonia. But as soon as the child enters his room, he is abandoned in the far westThe weather, the exposure to the worst predators of our species.

    Is anyone fighting this? Laila Mickelwait is an American activist who has been fighting the pornography industry for decades. With more than two million followers, she is demanding the shutdown of Pornhub The reason? That platform hosts and monetizes revenge porn, spy cameras, female submission.

    In recent years, Mickelwait has made significant achievements. He tells the story, in an exciting way, in the book Take Down. Inside the Fight to Shut Down Pornhub for Child Abuse, Rape and Sex Trafficking. (Penguin Random House, 2024). By the end of 2020, he got Pornhub to remove 80 % from its unverified content. Two years later, Visa, Mastercard and Discover suspended their payment services. online for both subscriptions and advertising transactions. Laila is now assisting with several civil and criminal lawsuits against Aylo"(the most important controlling company in the industry). His argument is devastating: pornography is not "adult entertainment"but a "crime scene".

    What a desire to give our children back their childhood: let them get dirtier and risk hurting their knees. In return, we will not leave them alone in front of the screens.

    The authorJuan Ignacio Izquierdo Hübner

    Lawyer from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Licentiate in Theology from the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross (Rome) and Doctorate in Theology from the University of Navarra (Spain).

    The Vatican

    Pope raises the bar for WYD in November: love your enemies

    Leo XIV set the bar high in his Message to young people on the occasion of the 40th World Youth Day (WYD) on November 23 in the dioceses.

    Editorial Staff Omnes-October 7, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

    On November 23, the XL (40th) World Youth Day (WYD) will take place in the dioceses, following the Jubilee of Youth that took place in Rome this summer. In its Messagedated October 7, the feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, the Pope recalled that "it is not always easy to bear witness. And that sometimes there is "rejection" and even "violent opposition". But the Christian attitude is this: 'love your enemies, pray for your persecutors' (Mt 5:44)".

    "This is what the martyrs have done since the beginning of the Church," the Pope wrote, commenting on the motto of this WYD, which is "You also bear witness, because you are with me (Jn 15:27)."

    Pursuit: is not a story of the past

    Similar to what they did with Jesus - "if they persecuted Me, they will persecute you also" (Jn 15:20)-is also happening now. "This is not a story of the past," the Pope points out. "Still today, in many places in the world, Christians and people of good will suffer because of persecution, lies and violence." 

    And the temptation to "react instinctively, putting themselves on the level of those who have rejected them, adopting aggressive attitudes," is there, recalls Leo XIV. However, "let us remember the wise counsel of St. Paul: 'Do not be overcome by evil. On the contrary, overcome evil by doing good' (Rm 12,21).

    "Therefore, do not be discouraged, like the saints, you too are called to persevere with hope, especially in the face of difficulties and obstacles," Pope Leo encouraged.

    Where to draw strength from, until WYD Seoul 2027

    And to achieve this perseverance, the Pope alluded to the power of the Holy Spirit and friendship with Jesus. "With the power of the Holy Spirit, as pilgrims of hope, we prepare ourselves to become courageous witnesses of Christ. Let us begin, then, from now on, a journey that will lead us to the international edition of WYD in Seoul in 2027."

    Be with Him as friends, not as party 'activists'.

    "Our friendship with Jesus, which we receive from God as a gift," is the key. 

    Jesus "does not want us as servants, nor as 'activists' of a party; he calls us to be with him as friends, so that our life may be renewed. And witness arises spontaneously from the joyful newness of this friendship". That is the foundation, the Pope explains.

    Christian witness is born of friendship with the Lord, crucified and risen for the salvation of all, he said.

    "This should not be confused with ideological propaganda, but is a true principle of inner transformation and social awareness." 

    Jesus wanted to call the disciples "friends", adds the Pontificie, "to whom he made known the Kingdom of God and asked them to remain with him in order to form his community and send them out to proclaim the Gospel (cf. Jn 15,15.27)" 

    How is God's friendship

    So when Jesus tells us: "Bear witness," he is assuring us that he considers us his friends. "He alone knows fully who we are and why we are here: he knows the heart of each of you young people, your indignation in the face of discrimination and injustice, your desire for truth and beauty, for joy and peace; with his friendship he listens to you, motivates you and guides you, calling each one to a new life."

    "It is a unique friendship, which gives us communion with God," the Pope emphasizes. "A faithful friendship, which makes us discover our dignity and that of others. An eternal friendship, which not even death can destroy, because it has its beginning in the Risen Crucified One."

    "We are never alone."

    In conclusion, Leo XIV invited us to fix "our gaze on Jesus. While he was dying on the cross, he entrusted the Virgin Mary as mother to John, and to her John as son. This ultimate gift of love is for every disciple, for all of us. I invite you, therefore, to embrace this holy bond with Mary, Mother full of affection and understanding, cultivating it especially with the prayer of the Rosary". 

    "Thus, in every situation of life, we will experience that we are never alone, but that we are always children loved, forgiven and encouraged by God. Bear witness to all this with joy!" the Pope concluded.

    The authorEditorial Staff Omnes

    Read more
    The Vatican

    Pope Leo XIV to make his first trip to Turkey and Lebanon

    The pontiff will visit Turkey from November 27-30 for the 1,700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea, followed by Lebanon from November 30-December 2.

    Editorial Staff Omnes-October 7, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    The Vatican has officially confirmed that Pope Leo XIV will make an apostolic journey to Turkey and Lebanon from November 27 to December 2, marking his first visit abroad since his election last May 8.

    This trip replaces the one initially planned for May by the late Pope Francis, who had planned a visit to Turkey. During his pontificate, Francis visited Turkey in 2014, where he met with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, in a visit focused on ecumenical dialogue and the migration issue. As for Lebanon, the last papal visit was that of Benedict XVI in September 2012.

    In Turkey, the pontiff will participate in the commemoration of the 1,700th anniversary of the first Council of Nicaea, to be held in Iznik, the historic city that hosted some 300 bishops of the Roman Empire in 325 at the convocation of Emperor Constantine. The assembly established the doctrinal foundations that are still recognized today by numerous Christian confessions. During his stay, Leo XIV will also accompany Patriarch Bartholomew I of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in Istanbul for the feast of the patriarchate's throne on November 29.

    Trip to Lebanon

    After Turkey, the Pope will visit Lebanon from November 30 to December 2, at the invitation of the Lebanese Head of State and ecclesiastical authorities. Patriarch Bechara Rai, head of the Maronite Church, confirmed the visit in August, while Leo XIV received in June Lebanese President Joseph Aoun, who formally handed him the invitation.

    Lebanon is a country of great religious diversity and a notable Christian presence, with two Muslim majorities and about one third of the population being Christian, especially Maronite. It is also home to millions of people affected by regional conflicts, including Syrian and Palestinian refugees, as well as more than 1.2 million internally displaced Lebanese.

    Papal trips to this country seek to strengthen the faith of Christian communities and promote interreligious dialogue in a multicultural and complex environment. They also underline the importance of peaceful coexistence among different faiths and support for those living as minorities, as well as solidarity with displaced persons and refugees living in the region.

    Family

    Przekazywanie wiary naszym dzieciom: sianie ziarna w głębi serca

    The question of our understanding of the importance of dialogue with transcendentalism, which the family must be able to share at any stage of the life of the family.

    Leticia Sánchez de León-October 7, 2025-Reading time: 6 minutes

    Nie ulega wątpliwości, że znajdujemy się w trudnym kulturowo i społecznie momencie jeśli chodzi o przekazywanie wiary w ogóle. Współczesna kultura coraz bardziej odsuwa na bok antropologiczną wizję człowieka, w której liczy się wnętrze, a w relacjach społecznych przeważa to, co materialne (to, co się posiada, to, co się wytwarza) nad tym, co niematerialne: kim jesteś, jakie masz marzenia i projekty, co cię uszczęśliwia... 

    Do głęboko materialistycznych społeczeństwa i kultury dochodzi niezdolność ludzi do refleksji. Niektóre z przyczyn tego stanu rzeczy to utrata wartości, relatywizm, brak ogólnego wykształcenia humanistycznego, rozwój technologiczny, przyspieszenie tempa życia czy polaryzacja społeczeństwa. 

    Złożony kontekst sprawia, że jako jako społeczeństwo zmierzamy w kierunku kultury pospiesznej komunikacji, w której nie ma miejsca na refleksję i dialog.   

     Jednak w tak tak important questions, as przekazywanie wiary, edukacja w zakresie wartości czy ogólnie rzecz biorąc kształtowanie postaw ludzkich, czas na dialog i refleksję jest niezbędny. 

    Badaczka i pisarka Catherine L'Ecuyer, ekspertka w dziedzinie psychologii i edukacji, w książce, która przyniosła jej sławę, Educating in awe ("Wychowywać w zachwycie"), mówi o tym, jak ważne jest, żeby dzieci dzieci miały kontakt z naturą, bo tam odkrywają i doświadczają ciszy, powolnego rytmu wzrostu roślin, niespiesznego ruchu mrówek czy uważnego zapylania kwiatów wiosną. 

    To, co mówi L'Ecuyer, ma wiele wspólnego z procesem przekazywania wiary naszym dzieciom: kiedy rozmawiamy z nimi o Bogu lub modlimy się razem z nimi, "zasiewamy" w ich sercach małe ziarenka, co niewątpliwie wymaga czasu i troski. 

    W obliczu rzeczywistości społecznej, która nie jest wolna od przeszkód, wiara - zaspokajajająca pragnienie transcendencji każdego człowieka - może być zasiana na żyznej ziemi, jeśli potrafimy rozpoznać, gdzie i kiedy rzucić ziarno. 

    Rodzice wyjaśniają świat swoim dzieciom. 

    Otwierając naszym dzieciom drzwiom do dialogu z transcendencją, mamy jako rodzice pewną przewagę: nasze dzieci, zwłaszcza w pierwszych latach życia, są naturalnie otwarte na wszystko, co chcemy im pokazać i czego chcemy ich nauczyć. To one czynią nas swoimi tłumaczami świata. Już od wieku "a dlaczego?", czyli około trzeciego roku życia, nasze dzieci pragną zrozumieć to, co je otacza, i zwracają się do nas właśnie dlatego, że jesteśmy ich rodzicami. 

    Można by słusznie zauważyć, że przestajemy być tłumaczami świata, gdy nasze nasze dzieci wchodzą w okres dojrzewania. A jednak także na tym etapie to, co im mówimy, ma znaczenie, jednakże w połączeniu z przykładem, jaki im dajemy. 

    Oczywiście, ciągłe podważanie naszego sposobu postrzegania świata jest cechą charakterystyczną dla nastolatków. I dobrze, że tak jest. Nasze dorastające dzieci zaczynają kształtować własne poglądy, a zatem zupełnie naturalne jest, że nie przyjmują bezkrytycznie naszych słów, lecz poddają je refleksji, by samodzielnie formułować własne opinie. 

    Jednak zgodnie z powiedzeniem: "do dialogu trzeba dwojga", rodzice w tym okresie są bardzo potrzebni, aby młodzi mogli kształtować swoje spojrzenie na życie i świat; bez naszej interpretacji rzeczywistości nie mieliby z kim - ani przeciw komu - się konfrontować. 

    Dlatego war warto się zastanowić, jakie spojrzenie na świat chcemy im przekazać: to, jak patrzymy na świat i ludzi, będzie miało na nich nieunikniony wpływ. 

     Jeżeli nasz sposób patrzenia na świat jest pesymistyczny, oni również będą mieli pesymistyczne spojrzenie na otaczającącą ich rzeczywistość, a co gorsza - będą nieufni wobec ludzi wokół siebiebie. Jeśli natomiast nasza perspektywa jest pozytywna i pełna nadziei, oni także będą potrafili dostrzegać dobro w trudnościach, widzieć możliwości rozwoju w kryzysach i zauważać Dobro pośród ogromu zła. 

    Wiara wynikająca z wolności  

    Jak już wspomniałam, to, że rodzice interpretują świat dla swoich dzieci, nie oznacza, że dzieci bezkrytycznie przyjmą naszą wizję. W tym miejscu dochodzimy do kolejnej istotnej kwestii związanej z przekazywaniem wiary: wolności. Przekazywanie wiary wymaga wolności. Nie ma sensu próbować jej narzucać: nie znajdzie ona podatnego gruntu, na którym mogłaby się zakorzenić. 

    Jako rodzice musimy liczyć się z wolnością naszych dzieci, kiedy rozmawiamy z nimi o Bogu, ponieważ to one same muszą doświadczyć Go osobiście, nie możemy tego zrobić za nie. Możemy jednak przekazać im, jak bardzo wiara pomogła nam w naszych własnych trudnościach, w bólu, który przeżyliśmy, w kryzysach, przez które przeszliśmy, i w ten sposób pokazać im, że tak naprawdę nic nie przygotowuje nas w pełni na przeciwności życia. 

    Podczas spotkania poświęconego wierze, w którym uczestniczyłam, znany rzymski ksiądz Fabio Rosini powiedział: "Często myślimy, że wiara zależy od nas, od tego, co robimy: "Muszę mieć więcej wiary, aby stawić czoła temu problemowi" lub "Muszę więcej się modlić lub ponieść tę lub inną ofiarę." myśląc, że być może Bóg nagrodzi nas większą lub mniejszą ilością wiary w zależności od tego, jak postąpiliśmy. Nie, to przecież Bóg daje wiarę. Ale w jaki sposób zatem w niej wzrastać?"

      I kontynuował: "Kiedy wykorzystujemy okazje, które On nam daje, aby Mu zaufać. Bóg wzmacnia twoją wiarę poprzez twoje problemy - i słabości - jeśli Mu na to to pozwolisz, to znaczy, jeśli wykorzystasz te trudności, aby oprzeć się na Nim. To Bóg daje nam wiarę, ale człowiek musi być gotowy ją przyjąć". 

    Wydawało mi się to potrzebną refleksją: wiara staje się wtedy nie zestawem treści i dogmatów, lecz doświadczeniem, pozwoleniem, by Bóg działałał, oparciem się na Nim, gdy przytłaczają nas ciężary. 

    W tym celu konieczne jest stworzenie przestrzeni do dialogu, wpuszczenie Go do naszego życia, naszych trosk, problemów i marzeń; absurdalne jest myślenie o oparciu się na Bogu w trudnych chwilach, jeśli wcześniej nie nawiązaliśmy z Nim osobistej relacji. 

    Siać ziarno w głębi serca.

    Wszystko powyższe odnosi się do wymiaru przekazywania wiary, którym moglibyśmy nazwać "aktywnym", w którym rodzice starają się w mądry sposób pomału zaszczepiać i rozwijać tę wiarę w w w młodych sercach swoich dzieci. 

    Czasami będzie to nabożeństwo do Najświętszego Serca Jezusowego, rodzinne nawiedzenie cmentarza w Dzień Zaduszny, ofiarowanie dnia Matce Bożej, modlitwy przed snem odmawiane z wielką uważnością, nauczenie dzieci modlitwy różańcowej.... 

    Oczywiście im więcej ziaren zasiejemy, tym większa szansa, że wiara zagnieździ się w ziemi. Z drugiej strony, w miarę jak nasze dzieci dorastają, to ziarno może przybrać bardziej intelektualny charakter: może oznaczać nauczenie ich, że istnieje coś więcej niż to, co materialne, że zawsze trzeba czynić dobro, kochać i szanować wszystkich, że Bóg kocha ich jak matka i ojciec, że się nimi opiekuje i chroni. 

     Nasza rola, ostatecznie, polega na tym, aby otworzyć im drzwi do wiary będącej doświadczeniem Boga, który jest zarazem oparciem, jak i źródłem szczęścia, ponieważ nie możemy też zapominać, że nasza relacja z Bogiem nadaje sens naszemu istnieniu: świadomość, że jesteśmy Jego dziećmi, nadaje naszemu życiu barw, napełnia nas siłą, poczuciem własnej wartości i celem. 

    To ziarno, które chcemy zasiać, musi zapuścić korzenie w sercach naszych dzieci, a nie w ich zachowaniu. Skupianie się na zewnętrznych przejawach wiary jest w pewnym sensie równoznaczne z twierdzeniem, że wiara jest czymś wyłącznie zewnętrznym: szeregiem czynności, które należy wykonać, aby poczuć się spełnionym i aby Bóg był z nas "zadowolony". 

    Przypowieść o siewcy mówi właśnie o tym powierzchownym zasiewie: "(...) niektóre [ziarna] padły na drogę, nadleciały ptaki i wydziobały je. Inne padły na miejsca skaliste, gdzie niewiele miały ziemi; i wnet powschodziły, bo gleba nie była głęboka. Lecz gdy słońce wzeszło, przypaliły się i uschły, bo nie miały korzenia." 

    Wiarę należy "siać" w najgłębszych zakamarkach serca naszych dzieci, tam, gdzie kształtują się one jako osoby i gdzie nieświadomie gromadzą wspomnienia i doświadczenia, które kształtują ich najgłębszą istotę i z których będą czerpać jako nastolatki lub dorośli, gdy poczują jałowość świata i jego trudności. 

    Jak napisał papież Franciszek w swojej ostatniej encyklice. Dilexit us, przemawianie do serca oznacza "dążyć tam, gdzie każda osoba, każdej kategorii i stanu, dokonuje własnej syntezy; tam, gdzie konkretne osoby mają źródło i korzeń wszelkich innych innych innych sioich sił, przekonań, pasji, wyborów". 

    Mówić bez słów  

    Drugi wymiar przekazywania wiary dzieciom, który nazwiemy wymiarem "biernym", ma wiele wspólnego z przykładem, jaki dajemy, ponieważ dzieci obserwują wszystko, co robimy, i potrafią uchwycić głębiębię naszych działań. 

    W tym wymiarze rodzice będą mówić bez słów, pokazując swoim dzieciom, jak i z jaką intensywnością modlimy się i żyjemy naszą wiarą. Ten wymiar jest bez wątpienia najważniejszy, bo cóż z tego, że będziemy opowiadać naszym dzieciom historie z życia Jezusa, jeśli sami nie wcielamy Ewangelii w życie? Jak nauczą się modlić, jeśli nie zobaczą, że my to robimy? Jak zrozumieją, że nasza relacja z Bogiem jest naszą siłą, jeśli im tego nie pokażemy? 

    Pamiętam, że kiedy miałam 21 lat, zwierzyłam się ojcu z sytuacji, która wywoływała we mnie ogromny niepokój. On, po wysłuchaniu mnie nie zaproponował mi rozwiązania problemu, ale opowiedział mi o swojej trudnej sytuacji w pracy, która sprawiała mu cierpienie, i podzielił się tym, jak się modlił i jak mówił Bogu o tej trudności. Jego słowa poruszyły moje serce i do dziś często je sobie przypominam i pomagają mi się modlić. 

    Mogłabym przytoczyć wiele podobnych historii. Dla rodziców dotarcie do serca własnych dzieci wcale nie musi być takie trudne. Tym, co pomogło mi tamtego dnia w słowach mojego ojca, nie była sama sytuacja, którą przeżywał, ani świadomość, że jest człowiekiem wiary, który modlił się o rozwiązanie tego problemu. Pomogło mi to, że otworzył przede mną swoje wnętrze, pokazał swoją kruchość i to, jak w tej właśnie słabości opierał się na Bogu. Tym, co mój ojciec uczynił wtedy, było pozwolenie mi, bym zobaczyła fragment jego relacji z Bogiem - relacji prawdziwej, mocnej, głębokiej i zdecydowanej. 

    Dlaczego czujemy tak wielką nieśmiałość by rozmawiać z naszymi dziećmi szczerze, prosto z serca? A przecież nie ma nic nic potężniejszego niż matka lub ojciec, którzy mówią do swoich dzieci, z własnego, najgłębszego doświadczenia, oznaczające całkowite obnażenie się przed nimi. 

    Zdecydowanie gorsze byłoby, gdyby nasze dzieci odczuwały, że zamykamy nasze wnętrze - również duchowe - za murem, przez który pokazujemy tylko to, co dobre i słuszne w naszych działaniach. Czy naprawdę chcemy, aby nasze dzieci odbierały nas w ten sposób: jako rodziców doskonałych, którzy nigdy nie popełniają błędów, dla których wszystko jest klarowne, a ich wiara niezachwiana?

    Read more
    Books

    Celebrating masculinity and femininity in the face of woke culture.

    What does it mean to be a man or a woman? In society woke Today, the essence of the human being has become confused. In her book "Father and Mother in the Woke Society", María Calvo vindicates the importance of the differences between the sexes.

    Teresa Aguado Peña-October 7, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

    "The power of a civilization always matches the power of the religion that legitimizes it," said Michel Onfray. With this quote from the French philosopher, María Calvo opened the presentation of her new book "The power of a civilization is always linked to the power of the religion that legitimizes it".Father and mother in the woke societyThe author explained that she chose a Catholic university for this meeting because she explained that in the face of a crisis of civilization one must "be an advocate of Christian memory," she said, quoting Benedict XIV. The author explained that she chose a Catholic university for this meeting because she explained that in the face of a crisis of civilization one must "be an advocate of Christian memory," she said, quoting Benedict XIV.

    Throughout the talk, Calvo insisted on this crisis, in which the beauty of masculinity and femininity is being lost, summarizing his message with a resounding affirmation: "How beautiful it is to be different".

    The identity crisis of the human being

    "Today we don't know what a human being is," she repeated on several occasions. The teacher recounted that, when she asked her students about this question, "none of them answered with reasonable and objective terms". "It is surreal," she added, "that young people do not know how to answer what a human being is with reasoned terms. For Calvo, this confusion is due to the fact that "the three dimensions of the human being - the biological, the psychological and the spiritual - have been violated, liquefied".

    During her speech, the author reflected on the profound meaning of being a man and of being a woman. "What is it to be a man?" she asked. "To be a man is, or should be, a servant of life." Calvo evoked the figure of Hector in The Iliad and that of the great saints, "heroes who give security and protection to men".

    Regarding the feminine identity, she affirmed: "To be a woman is to be a welcomer of life. Women can transform the world, because the world is never the same again when they give birth to a new creature". As an example, she mentioned the Virgin Mary: "The most paradigmatic example is the Virgin Mary, since Jesus Christ transformed the world".

    Calvo warned of a problem that, according to her, is affecting contemporary society: "We are being masculinized". She criticized the fact that the discourse of female empowerment is leading many women to "lose their maternal side".

    In her opinion, social networks show successful women "apparently happy, but broken inside". And she recalled a worrying fact: "Spain is the country where women consume more anxiolytics". For this reason, she insistently repeated: "We must not lose our essence".

    The confused man and misunderstood aggressiveness

    At the same time, he noted that today's man "has become more emotional, soft, affectionate", something he considered positive, although he warned that "on the other hand, man is being forbidden - and even seems toxic - the attributes that allow him to be a protector of life".

    Calvo commented that "in today's culture man's aggressiveness is confused with violence. As he explained, "man is aggressive by nature and must learn to channel this aggressiveness to become a man and achieve marvelous things. When this energy is repressed, he added, "this produces what I call the sadness of the confused man: they do not dare to be men.

    The author warned that "confusing masculinity and femininity is dysfunctional, and society can disappear. This is what we are seeing with the fall in the birth rate". In this sense, she stressed the importance of the role of the father and mother as complementary figures: "The father is necessary because he separates the child from the 'suffocation' of the mother".

    "We miss the nurturing relationship between the sexes," he noted, and also regretted "having lost the capacity for wonder." "To be amazed by our differences is wonderful," he said.

    Cancellation of the debate

    Calvo closed his speech with a criticism of the lack of dialogue he perceives in today's society: "Before, when you put forward a reasoned hypothesis with a basis, the other person would argue, give you arguments and that was enriching. Now they say you offend, refuse to listen to you and leave".

    In the face of this society, Maria recalled the words of Pope Francis: "We need courageous young people capable of going against the tide". She encouraged the young people in the room to be themselves and not to renounce their masculinity: "locking it up in the subconscious ends up generating a lot of pain," she said.

    These words concluded a presentation that, beyond its academic dimension, was an invitation to rediscover -without fear or confusion- the beauty of being different.

    Father and mother in the woke society

    Author: María Calvo
    EditorialRialp : Rialp
    Pages: 152
    Year: 2025
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    Evangelization

    Our Lady of the Rosary

    The Holy Rosary originated in 1212, when the Virgin Mary appeared to St. Dominic de Guzman in Toulouse (France) and gave him the rosary in response to his request. Later, Pope St. Pius V, a Dominican, asked the Christian people to join the battle of Lepanto by praying the rosary. And at Lepanto (October 7, 1571), Christianity triumphed.  

    Francisco Otamendi-October 7, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    In various apparitions, such as Lourdes and Fatima, the Virgin Mary has insistently recommended the daily recitation of the Rosary. To overcome divisions and discord, and the evils in our hearts and in the world, the Popes have also advised its regular recitation. For example, Leo XIV has invited the faithful to a rosary for peace This Saturday, October 11, in St. Peter's Basilica, and encouraged people to pray it every day during this month.

    In the first centuries of Christianity, monks and hermits were already using repetitive forms of prayer, such as the 150 psalms of the Psalter. It is said that lay people who could not read began to replace the psalms with 150 Our Fathers or Hail Marys.

    According to tradition, the form of the Rosary as we know it was revealed by the Virgin Mary to Santo Domingo de GuzmánThe founder of the Order of Preachers in 1212. Historians consider that the Dominicans had an important key role in spreading and structuring the devotion to the Rosary.

    Devotion of centuries

    The devotion to pray the rosary to the Virgin Mary is universal, and in some places it is especially strong. For example, Fray Pascual Saturio, Dominican, explained to Omnes that "the Virgin of the Rosary has been the Patroness of Cadiz for 150 years. The pontifical appointment of the Virgin is 152 or 153 years ago, and we celebrate it. But there is evidence that more than three hundred years ago the people, and the city council, considered her Patroness of Cadiz. Although the appointment is later.

    After the victory of Lepanto, St. Pius V instituted in 1572 the feast of St. Mary of Victory, which his successor, Gregory XIII, transformed into "Our Lady of the Rosary". Other victories followed, such as that of 1683 in Vienna, where - again through divine intervention and the mediation of the Virgin Mary - the Muslim advance was halted, reports the Vatican website.

    Venice, Pompeii, Rosario...

    In 1687, the people of Venice prayed to the Virgin Mary to put an end to the plague. Once the epidemic was overcome, the Basilica of Our Lady of Health was built, whose feast day is celebrated on November 21. Today, one of the most famous shrines in the world dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary is that of Pompeii, whose feast day is May 8, the date on which Pope Leo XIV was elected.

    "Devotion to Our Lady of the Rosary dates back to 1730, when the city, Rosario (Argentina), was an insignificant hamlet", wrote Pedro Chiesa in Omnes. "The love for the Lady of the Rosary grew in a vigorous way, especially since the arrival of the image commissioned to a sculptor from Cadiz (...). 

    "Our Lady of the Rosary is recognized as patroness and founder of the city," adds Chiesa. "And this year, as the local bishop rightly points out, will be opportune to "make memory and keep alive the roots that make our identity deep. Reaffirming Rosario as a city of Mary, and our archdiocese as an archdiocese of Mary".

    The authorFrancisco Otamendi

    Initiatives

    Ana Villota: "Mental health wounds are growing after wars".

    It's something that the cinema has reflected a lot, but it's something that is increasingly reaching everyone, not just the military. We talk about the invisible wounds of wars, the impact on the mental health of people fleeing war. Ana Villota, president of AISS, an organization that provides care for mentally ill people, explains this.  

    Francisco Otamendi-October 7, 2025-Reading time: 2 minutes

    Generations wounded by war. The invisible imprint on the mental health of those fleeing war. This is the issue that concerns Ana Villota, founder of the Association AISSThe company, an entity that provides housing for people with mental illnesses, and a forensic social worker.

    Villota and his team refer to all wars, not just the Middle East. For example, the millions of displaced people generated by the war in Ukraine, in Europe and outside Europe, and other conflicts around the world.

    – Supernatural president of AISS He also assures that "war conflicts mark not only those who live through them, but also future generations".

    Protecting childhood. "Terror in their eyes".

    War is not only measured in material ruins or in numbers of displaced people. It also leaves invisible scars that accompany for life those who have survived the horror, explains Ana Villota, who is also a forensic social worker.

    "Child protection is fundamental, it is definitely our future. Wars mean for children the loss of all their reference figures. The family is a child's refuge and in many cases they have seen fathers, mothers and grandparents die," he adds.

    That early tearing, he says, leaves an intergenerational echo. "Constant exposure to a war scenario doesn't just stay with the person who lived through it, but also with future generations. We are talking about generations wounded by those experiences. You don't need to be an expert to read the terror in their gaze."

    Role of social workers

    In this context, the role of social workers becomes key. Specifically, Villota defines it as a bridge between trauma and reconstruction. 

    The work they do in these war scenarios, he says, is "to promote the reconstruction of resources and defend human rights, acting as promoters of peace. And trying to facilitate change in a society that after a war is plunged into poverty, loss of resources, forced displacement and dehumanization.

    The psychological sequelae are profound, he continues. Post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety are the most common pathologies, and the approach requires multidisciplinary teams. "We are talking about people who have lost their home, their family, their resources and in many cases their land. They usually present a constant state of alertness and vulnerability. They are men and women who have seen family members die, or professionals such as doctors, military personnel or journalists who are also affected," he explains.

    Towards recovery

    As for the road to recovery, Villota says there is no single answer. "It depends on each case and each experience. In addition to psychotherapy treatment, they may need pharmacological support". And she adds that "according to studies, they usually live with anxiety, constant fear and physical somatization. 

    They live with loss of confidence, sadness, fear and difficulty in their daily lives to normalize their relationships with others".

    International cooperation, she concludes, is the key to accompanying these reconstruction processes. And, although the future seems uncertain for many of the survivors, the specialist insists that the commitment of civil society and mental health professionals can make the difference between being trapped in the trauma or starting over.

    The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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    Resources

    Why didn't the Church defend that the Earth is flat?

    A historical review of the myth of the flat Earth in the Middle Ages: why the Church did not defend the flatness of the world and how this idea was installed in the popular imagination.

    Alberto Barbés-October 7, 2025-Reading time: 4 minutes

    A glance at the Internet is enough to see that in the last few years a new cultural current has appeared, to call it in some way: terraplanism. It would really be very interesting to study how this set of ideas has been able to emerge and sustain itself in the 21st century, but this is not the purpose of these lines. 

    What interests me now is that, in this context, it has come to be asserted that the Catholic Church strongly defended in the Middle Ages the flatness of the earth, even against scientists like Galileo who claimed the contrary. It seems that this myth was spread in the 17th century, in the context of the Protestant campaign against Catholic doctrines. Somewhat later it would be taken up by some authors of the 19th century -such as John William Draper or Andrew Dickson White- who tried to sustain an apparent conflict between science and faith. Washington Irving's work on Columbus' voyage, and the alleged problems he had in defending the viability of his voyage because of this issue, undoubtedly contributed to consolidate this idea in the popular imagination.

    My purpose with these lines is to make it clear that this alleged defense of the flatness of the Earth on the part of the Church is nothing more than one of the many fallacies that are usually put forward in the supposed battle between scientific knowledge and religion. 

    The origins of the idea of a spherical Earth

    It seems that Pythagoras was the first to propose that our planet is spherical. He considered that the Earth was one among the many celestial bodies that populate the Cosmos and, therefore, it was logical to think that our beloved planet was round, like all the stars. However, the truth is that this doctrine had very few followers at that time.

    It was not until the 4th century BC that the sphericity of the Earth began to be accepted. In his dialogue "Phaedo", Plato puts in Socrates' mouth the affirmation that the world is round and, some years later, Aristotle presents in his work "On Heaven" the main arguments in favor of this idea. It is based in the first place on the change of the distance to the horizon of the constellations, which all sailors observe when heading north. And secondly, in the observation of lunar eclipses: it is evident that the shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon is perfectly circular. 

    After the proofs presented by Aristotle, the idea of the roundness of the earth gradually spread throughout the Mediterranean, with practically no serious thinker opposing it. It is true that few understood how things could be sustained on what we might call "the underside"... But that is another story.

    As early as 240 BC, Eratosthenes found a way to measure the diameter of the Earth by looking at the angle of sunlight on the surface. In this way he calculated that our beloved planet has a diameter of about 12,000 kilometers and a circumference of about 40,000 km. He was quite right: the correct figure is 40,091 km at the equator.

    The Christian and medieval vision of terrestrial sphericity

    As Pliny the Elder (+ 79) states in his "Naturalis historia", the roundness of the Earth was generally assumed by educated people at the time when Our Lord was born. And undoubtedly, among those educated people were the fathers of the Church and the theologians of the first centuries of our era.

    There are many texts that make it clear that this was the general opinion among Christian thinkers. We can cite as examples the writings of St. Augustine, Boethius, St. Isidore of Seville or St. Bede the Venerable, all of them leading lights of theology. And the same can be said of Eastern and Arabic thinkers. It is true that some authors, such as St. John Chrysostom, opposed this vision of the Earth. But it can be said that these were exceptions; from the eighth century onwards no scholar worthy of the name questioned the sphericity of the planet. In this context it is interesting to see, for example, that when St. Thomas Aquinas, already in the 13th century, touches on the subject in the "Summa", he does so on the assumption that all his students know this reality. Another thing, of course, is that the citizen "in the street" would be aware of it...

    A clear example of the extension of this belief is the widespread use of the "globus cruciger" (the representation of the world as an orb crowned by the cross), in many kingdoms of Europe: it is attested since the time of Emperor Theodosius II (401 - 450), and throughout the Middle Ages. And a good number of religious images, such as the well-known image of Our Lady of Montserrat, or the representations of Christ "Salvator Mundi" also show this firm belief in the roundness of the Earth. But let's look at one last example, in my opinion quite interesting. I am referring to the coat of arms of the centuries-old Carthusian order: it represents the world crowned by the Cross of Christ, and with a motto that is not to be missed: "Stat Crux dum volvitur orbis"; the Cross remains stable while the world revolves.

    In short: the idea of a medieval church defending that the Earth is flat does not seem to stand up to a simple historical analysis. Rather, it seems to be a new case of the eagerness of some to find, even if artificially, a conflict between science and faith. 

    The authorAlberto Barbés

    Physicist and priest.

    Resources

    Searching for David. Biblical archaeology between findings and silences.

    This article explores what archaeology tells us about King David: although there is no direct evidence of his existence in the 10th century BC, we do have later traces such as the Tel Dan Stele and the Hezekiah Tunnel, linking biblical story and history. Although there is no direct evidence of his existence in the 10th century B.C., we do have later traces such as the Tel Dan Stele and Hezekiah's tunnel, which link biblical narrative and history.

    Joseángel Domínguez-October 7, 2025-Reading time: 4 minutes

    What do we know about King David, and do we have any proof of his existence outside of the Bible? In a timeline the point marked by King David is significant in several ways. In addition to his famous fight with Goliath and so many scenes that appear in the biblical narrative, David marked the history of Israel with a key event: the establishment of Jerusalem as the capital of his kingdom, calling it the "City of David."

    "David went with his men to Jerusalem against the Jebusites who dwelt in the land. These said to David: -You shall not come in here, for even the blind and the lame will reject you.. It was like saying: David will not enter here. But David took the stronghold of Zion, which is the city of David."(2 Samuel 5:6-8)

    Historians date David's conquest of Jerusalem to around 1000 B.C., a date that is easy to remember and a mile stone in the history of Jerusalem. The challenge comes when it comes to connecting the biblical text with the archaeological remains. From a minimalist perspective one could say that any connection between the Bible and the Jerusalem stones is much later. Looking for David, what pieces of the puzzle do we have? The image of the shepherd turned king was engraved in the memory of the people and left its mark in the biblical tradition. But when we go down from the text to the ground, to the earth removed by archaeologists, we find a rough scenario: more silences than discoveries. 

    The modern reader knows that archaeology does not work like the news or the expert's report: neither exact dates nor confirmed names. 

    The terrain of Jerusalem and its surroundings stubbornly guards its secrets. From the tenth century B.C. B.C., the time in which the Bible places David and his son Solomon, we have almost no direct material evidence. Neither a stele that says "David reigned here", nor a monumental inscription with his name. 

    The Stele of Tel Dan

    From the IX century B.C., however, we do have some light. C., on the other hand, we do have some light. A good example is the Tel Dan Stele. This inscription, discovered between 1993 and 1994 about 70 km north of the Sea of Galilee, is attributed to an Aramean king, Hazael of Damascus, who ruled in the mid-ninth century BC. C. 

    The text, written in characters very close to the Phoenician-Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, commemorates military victories over the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. In one of the fragments we can clearly read the expression Beit David ("House of David"), considered to be the first extrabiblical mention of King David as the founder of a dynasty. 

    The text is engraved using a type of writing that we call Paleo-Hebrew. And this is relevant to our story. In the First Temple period (from the 10th to the 7th century B.C.) the Israelites used the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, an evolution of Phoenician, with angular letters, different from the way of writing known today as the Hebrew alphabet. This same Paleo-Hebrew alphabet can be seen on stone carvings, seals and small inscriptions that confirm the existence of an administrative apparatus and a written culture.

    After the Babylonian exile, the Jews adopted the square Aramaic script, the direct ancestor of modern Hebrew. This change of script is much more than a graphic detail: it marks a historical bridge. It tells us which texts were copied earlier and later, helps us date manuscripts, and allows us to understand how the words we read in the Bible today were transmitted.

    The Hezekiah Tunnel

    Among the finds that we can touch and walk through, few have the symbolic power of the Hezekiah Tunnel. Excavated in the eighth century B.C., in preparation for the siege of the Assyrian King Sennacherib, this conduit of more than half a kilometer carries water from the spring of Guijon to the interior of the walled city of Jerusalem.

    Any pilgrim can descend today and visit and walk through the tunnel, knee-deep in water, following the water along the route that 2,700 years ago ensured the life of the Holy City. During their exploration, at the end of the 19th century, archaeologists found a tombstone about halfway along the route: the Siloam inscription, a short Paleo-Hebrew text from the 8th century B.C. that tells how two groups of workers dug from opposite ends until they met in the middle.

    When western explorers began to investigate the subsoil of Jerusalem, they were surprised by the precision with which this aqueduct had been excavated in rock. The route is about 533 meters long and has a drop of only half a meter. The text of the inscription confirms what the analyses of the tunnel had indicated: two teams of workers began to dig from opposite ends - one from the source of the Guijon, in the Kidron valley, and the other from inside the city - until they met in the center. The Siloam inscription recounts precisely this moment of the workers' meeting, making it one of the oldest surviving Hebrew documents and direct evidence of construction activity in the kingdom of Judah during the 8th century BC.

    The Siloam inscription

    The Siloam inscription, preserved in Istanbul, but found in the heart of Hezekiah's tunnel in Jerusalem, can be dated to the end of the 8th century B.C. and is written in Paleo-Hebrew. 

    Hezekiah is a descendant of David, and together with the "City of David" he had ordered to build the necessary infrastructure to resist the Assyrian siege. The connection of archaeology with the Bible is explicit: in 2 Kings 20:20 it is mentioned how King Hezekiah, foreseeing the attack of Sennacherib, "..." and how he had to "build a city of David".covered up the water sources outside the city" y "water to the west of the city of David.". The tunnel fits that description perfectly, and its material existence corroborates that Jerusalem was actively preparing to resist the Assyrian siege of 701 BC. 

    Biblical archaeology does not give us absolute truths. Rather, it invites us to walk among chiaroscuro: we know much of the eighth century, something of the ninth, almost nothing of the tenth. We have names engraved on enemy stelae, tunnels dug in living rock, inscriptions in an ancient alphabet. We can safely say that the Bible does not dwell only in the sphere of myth. The land of Israel preserves material traces that correspond to biblical stories, confirming that these texts are born of a concrete history.

    Let us return to the initial question: where is David? The honest answer is that we do not yet have the stone that names him in the 10th century. We do have the 9th century reference to his "house", his dynasty. We have the letters of his people, which changed shape but not memory. We have the tunnel of a direct descendant king that shows that Jerusalem resisted. Each finding, no matter how small, confirms that these stories were born in the flesh and the earth, among real towns and cities. n

    The authorJoseángel Domínguez

    D. in Biblical Theology and Director of the Cretio Foundation.

    The Vatican

    New Motu Proprio: the Vatican reinforces ethical control of its investments

    Pope Leo XIV centralizes the Vatican's financial management, confirming the supervision of the APSA, the IOR and the Committee for Investments.

    Javier García Herrería-October 6, 2025-Reading time: 3 minutes

    Pope Leo XIV has promulgated a new Apostolic Letter in the form of a Motu Proprio on the financial investment activities of the Holy See. The aim is to consolidate the economic reforms begun years ago and to ensure a unified and ethical management of the assets of the Roman Curia, underlining the principle of co-responsibility in the communio established by the Apostolic Constitution Praedicate Evangelium.

    The document, dated September 29, 2025, seeks to precisely define the roles and competencies of the institutions involved in the management of Vatican investments. The main novelty lies in the repeal of the Instruction of August 2022 and the establishment of a new operational structure.

    The Holy Father establishes that the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (APSA), in its role as investor, will make use of the internal organizational structure of the Institute for the Works of Religion (the Vatican bank) for the management of investments. This move makes the IOR the nerve center and main source of expertise for day-to-day financial management.

    In addition, the Motu Proprio reaffirms the supreme authority of the Investment Committee to establish the conformity of all financial operations with the approved investment policy, thus ensuring that Vatican assets respect the Social Doctrine of the Church.

    The 2022 Rescriptum

    The Rescriptum ex Audientia SS.mi of August 23, 2022, which has just been repealed, was a crucial emergency measure designed to impose the immediate centralization of the Vatican's financial assets. Its fundamental purpose was to eliminate the dispersion of funds that had generated problems. It established that the Institute for the Works of Religion (IOR) would be the sole patrimonial manager and depositary of all the financial assets and liquidity of the Holy See and its institutions.

    Within 30 days, all Vatican entities were ordered to transfer their funds held in external banks to the IOR. In this way, the Rescriptum forced the entire estate to be under a single, strict supervision.

    The Investment Committee

    The Investment Committee is the body that ensures the ethical and strategic oversight of Vatican assets, in compliance with the Social Doctrine of the Church. It is chaired by Cardinal Kevin Joseph Farrell, Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life.

    At his side are top-level international experts: Dr. Jean Pierre Casey (Great Britain), recognized in risk management and risk management, and Dr. Jean Pierre Casey (France), recognized in risk management and risk management. FinTechDr. Giovanni Christian Michael Gay (Germany), with extensive experience in managing large investment funds; Dr. David Harris (Norway), an expert in global markets; and Dr. John J. Zona (United States), with vast experience in portfolio management. This composition guarantees a global and highly professionalized perspective for investment decisions.

    Positive balance sheets of IOR and APSA

    The new papal directive places its confidence in two entities that have demonstrated financial efficiency in recent years: the Institute for Works of Religion (IOR) and the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (APSA). Both bodies are thus consolidated as the pillars of Vatican budgetary control.

    The IOR, popularly known as the Vatican's bank, has maintained a clear net profit trajectory, reporting a significant profit, for example, €32 million in 2024. This positive performance reflects the effectiveness of the governance reforms implemented.

    APSA, the asset manager, has also reported favorable results, achieving a high management profitability of up to 8.51 percentage points, thanks to strategic investment management. By working together and with healthy balance sheets, these institutions reinforce the centralized supervision model promoted by the Pope.

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    The World

    March for life in Vilnius sparks renewed dialogue on family and values

    Vilnius became a hymn to life during the "March for Life", an event that brought together thousands of people, international voices and moving testimonies in defense of human dignity and the family.

    Bryan Lawrence Gonsalves-October 6, 2025-Reading time: 5 minutes

    The heart of the Lithuanian capital was filled with music, speeches and moving personal stories as thousands of people gathered for the event "Žygis už gyvybę"(March for Life), dedicated to celebrating the sanctity of life and raising awareness of the need to protect it. The march attracted participants from all over Lithuania, as well as supporters from neighboring countries, including Latvia, Estonia and Poland.

    Held on Saturday, October 4, the event began in the early afternoon near the Martynas Mažvydas National Library, drawing a diverse crowd of families, students, activists, artists, and clergy. Promoted by a range of civil and religious organizations, the march focused on affirming the value of every human life. Religious figures outside of Lithuania showed their support to the initiative as well, most notably Catholic Archbishop Zbigņevs Stankevičs of Riga and Latvian Lutheran Bishop Rinalds Grants, both of whom expressed solidarity with the march’s aims. Auxiliary Bishop Saulius Bužauskas of Kaunas also participated in person for the event.

    From 13:00 to 14:10, attendees gathered near the Lithuanian National Library for the event’s opening segment, where speakers shared insights from personal, medical, social, and philosophical perspectives. Among them, Dr. Lina Šulcienė highlighted the moral and spiritual need for a more compassionate society, stating: “The depths of our conscience cry out for a path other than the culture of death. Our inner humanity calls for a culture of life, one marked by solidarity, genuine compassion, and sensitivity to human beings, respecting their lives”.

    Agnieszka Gracz, coordinator of the Marches for Life of "Centrum Życia i Rodziny"(Center for Life and Family) in Poland, also addressed the audience. The Warsaw-based organization has been advocating for the protection of life, family and parenthood for more than two decades. Gracz recalled that before the COVID-19 pandemic, the center helped organize an average of 150 marches a year in different Polish cities. He emphasized that these public demonstrations had been instrumental in promoting the protection of unborn children, especially those with disabilities who were previously vulnerable to discrimination, and stressed that the marches contributed to the public support that preceded the 2020 Polish Constitutional Tribunal ruling, which strengthened legal protection for children diagnosed with disabilities before birth.

    At 14:15, the crowd set off in a peaceful procession from the National Library to Vilnius Cathedral Square via Gediminas Avenue, carrying banners and flags with messages of hope and support for families. From 15:00 to 17:30, the focus shifted to Cathedral Square, where a commemorative concert and a series of personal testimonies unfolded. Among the highlights was a national drawing contest for school students titled “Aš esu dovana” (“I Am a Gift”). More than 300 submissions were received from schoolchildren across the country. The winning artists were honoured on stage and presented with awards for their creative reflections on the value of life.

    The musical program included performances by artists such as Milda Žukienė, Rugilė Daujotaitė, Živilė Petruilionienė, Živilė Višniauskienė and Augis Markauskas, and others including Voldemars Peterson, Dalia and Julius Vaicenavičiai and popular singer Sasha Song. Musical performances were accompanied by deeply moving personal stories by individuals whose lives have been shaped by issues surrounding life and family. International speakers from Latvia and Estonia also addressed the crowd, offering cultural and moral perspectives from across the Baltic region.

    Amongst the speakers at Cathedral Square was lawyer and social activist Dr. Salomėja Fernandez Montojo who addressed prevailing societal attitudes toward parenthood, stating, “Today, I see how deeply rooted is the idea that having children means losing, losing money, time, career, opportunities, and a good figure. I disagree. Having children is not losing, but giving meaning to money, time, energy, opportunities, and beauty".

    Markus Järvi, editor-in-chief of the Estonian media "Objektiiv"and one of the speakers, expressed appreciation for the Vilnius march and the hope that it would inspire similar initiatives in the Baltic States. In a later interview, he described the limited public debate on abortion in Estonia as a lingering consequence of the Soviet era, during which abortion was legal and widely practiced. Over time, its prevalence contributed to it becoming a social taboo. "Despite this, many Estonians value marriage and family life," he said. "We must break the social silence on this issue in order to have honest conversations about life." He added that both civil society and religious institutions have a role to play in encouraging a more open and thoughtful dialogue on this issue. In a message to young people, he stressed, "The sanctity of life and respect for it must be recognized as truth. Seek it and you will find it."

    Dr. Benas Ulevičius, Dean of the Faculty of Catholic Theology at Vytautas Magnus University, spoke at the event and later in a brief backstage interview reflected on shifting societal values in post-Soviet Lithuania. “Lithuania during the Soviet occupation was quite isolated”, he said. “After winning independence, the nation went through gradual changes, with more foreign products available, higher salaries, and greater comfort". While acknowledging the benefits of economic growth, he noted that it led to people prioritising careers and wealth over family life and suggested that this shift left some with a sense of emptiness. He encouraged young adults to seek deeper fulfilment through family, which offers a unique kind of joy and happiness that material success alone cannot provide.

    Parallel to the main program, the Cathedral Square hosted a family-oriented educational and creative zone from 11:00 am to 5:30 pm. Visitors were able to explore NGO booths, sign petitions, participate in children's activities and learn about family support services offered by organizations such as "The Family".Nacionalinė šeimų ir tėvų asociacija"(National Association of Families and Parents), "ProLife Vilnius", among others.

    Although she did not participate as a speaker, Lina Gervytė-Michailova, editor-in-chief of the magazine "Ateitis", she shared in an interview her views on Lithuania's demographic challenges. Reflecting on her personal experience of pregnancy, she recalled hearing her son's heartbeat for the first time through an ultrasound: "At that time I did not think that this child would somehow change the demographic situation of the country," she added, "but I remember the feeling of joy I had, it was deeply meaningful." She suggested that if more people understood and experienced this joy, they might be more inclined to start families and prioritize children.

    To conclude the day, many participants attended a special mass in Vilnius Cathedral, celebrated by Fr. Deividas Stankevičius, who delivered a moving homily on the sanctity of life and the spiritual responsibility of nurturing and protecting it. As the crowds dispersed and the final notes of the day echoed through Cathedral Square, the event left many with a renewed sense of purpose. Organisers and participants alike expressed optimism that the March for Life will continue to grow in both size and impact. Agnieszka Gracz praised the Vilnius March for its joyful atmosphere, celebration of life and dignity of the unborn, expressing hope that it would develop into a longstanding annual tradition in Lithuania. With increasing collaboration between civil, religious, and cultural voices, many see this year’s march as a turning point, one that may inspire broader conversations about life, family, and the future of society in Lithuania and across the Baltics.

    The authorBryan Lawrence Gonsalves

    Founder of "Catholicism Coffee".

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    Evangelization

    St. Bruno, founder of the Charterhouse, martyrs of Kyoto and anniversary of St. Josemaría

    On October 6, the Church celebrates the Germanic St. Bruno, founder of the Carthusians, the Blessed Martyrs of Kyoto, many mothers with children, and Blessed Maria Ana Mogas, foundress of the Franciscan Sisters of the Divine Shepherdess. In addition, today is the anniversary of the canonization of St. Josemaría in 2002, although his liturgical feast is June 26.

    Francisco Otamendi-October 6, 2025-Reading time: < 1 minute

    St. Bruno of Cologne (Germany) was born around the year 1035. Ordained a priest in Reims (France), he was a teacher of theology, but soon wished to withdraw from the world, and chose silence and solitude near Grenoble. He founded the Carthusian monasteries, which foresaw long moments of prayer, silence and loneliness. He started in Chartreaux in France. He died in Calabria, leaving a great mark.

    The Blessed Martyrs of Kyoto (Japan) were immolated on October 6, 1619. They were Christians. Among them were a samurai with his pregnant wife and six children, townspeople, young mothers with their children. They were crucified and burned. See the martyrdom of TheclaThe martyrdom was contemplated by numerous Christians and thousands of pagans, according to the Franciscan website. The martyrdom was contemplated by numerous Christians and thousands of pagans, says the Franciscan website.

    – Supernatural Blessed Mary Anne Mogas Fontcuberta is the foundress of the Franciscan Missionary Sisters of the Mother of the Divine Shepherd, known as the 'Divina Pastora'. She was born in 1827 in Corró de Vall (Granollers, Barcelona). Formed from a very young age in the life of piety and prayer and initiated in the parish apostolate, she soon renounced her wealthy social and economic position and dedicated herself to the education of children and the care of the most needy. St. John Paul II beatified her in 1996.

    Saint of the ordinary

    On October 6, 2002, St. John Paul II also canonized St. Josemaría Escrivá, founder of Opus Dei, whom he called "the saint of ordinary life. The ceremony took place in St. Peter's Square and was attended by more than 300,000 people.

    St. Josemaría preached since October 2, 1928 that all - men and women, single and married, intellectuals and peasants - are called to holiness. 

    The authorFrancisco Otamendi