Dossier

The Christian meaning of human suffering

Suffering is a moral mystery that the Christian faith does not seek to conceal, but to illuminate through the passion and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Although physical pain is inevitable, the “doctrine of the Cross” makes it possible to transform it into a redemptive experience of love and hope.

Ignacio Serrada Sotil-March 24, 2026-Reading time: 6 minutes

“Suffering is in a certain sense the destiny of man, who is born suffering, spends his life in afflictions and reaches his end, eternity, through death, which is a great purification through which we must all pass. Hence the importance of discovering the Christian meaning of human suffering”.”. These words of St. John Paul II, spoken on February 2, 1985, will never lose their timeliness. At first glance, they might seem to convey a pessimistic view of man and his existence. But if we are sincere with the reality that we so often live, we recognize that they illuminate in a certain way an inescapable part of our human experience.

We all want to be happy, to have a great life and to enjoy it. However, the experience of suffering in life is inevitable, and we must constantly reckon with it. The Polish Pope also said in another place: “We have to be happy.“Suffering and death are part of the human experience, and it is futile and wrong to try to hide or discard them.”. He added: “On the contrary, each one must be helped to understand, in the concrete and difficult reality, its profound mystery." (Evangelium Vitae, 97).

So the proper perspective for situating ourselves in relation to this reality is not to raise questions about suffering in itself, or about whether or not we would like to suffer it, but about the profound questions that arise when we experience it. And these, in one way or another, have to do with the question of its meaning. As Robert Spaemann stated: “The theme ‘sense of suffering’ is identical to the theme: sense of what we do not want, of what no one can want for himself.”. The question is rather expressed in this way: what are we really looking for when we ask ourselves about the meaning of suffering? The proper perspective, in the face of the mystery it represents for us, is not to try to find the solution to a problem, but to open ourselves to a light that has been given to us.

The moral character of suffering

To advance in this perspective, it can help to see the relationship and the difference that exists between pain and suffering. The constitutive vulnerability, proper to the person, implies that reality “hurts” us, affects us, and this in all the dimensions and levels of our being: biological, affective, psychological and spiritual. But we do not identify or experience all these affections in the same way. In Greek, the word αλγος (algos). From this term derive a great variety of words that are currently used in the medical field related to the semantics of pain, such as fibromyalgia, neuralgia, lumbago, analgesic, etc. The term suffering, on the other hand, comes from παθος (pathos, in Latin: passio), which opens up the semantic field related to suffering, to what we identify as suffer

In other words, pain and suffering express profoundly human experiences, always related, but also distinguishable. The former implies the physiological reaction to harmful stimuli, while the latter is considered a reaction as a consequence of an experience that affects the person and implies the question of its meaning in the sufferer. Physical pain y moral suffering, as they have sometimes been called, combine sensitivity and affectivity, leading to the person suffering from a life stage to a ethical phase: “The initial physical entity unwraps the moral affectivity that leads the individual towards an internalization of one's own pain that leads to suffering, as a moment of free and conscious re-activity involving will” (Zucchi-Honings). The key to identifying suffering lies in the configuration of the affective and moral sphere of the suffering person.

Suffering is a step beyond the fact of experiencing pain. It is not enough for us to find the causes of our ailments. It is here that we see the moral character of the experience of suffering emerge, by motivating questions that imply for the sufferer the question of the meaning of what he or she lives and suffers: “Wherever we fail to integrate a given situation within a context of meaning, that is where the suffering begins”.” (Spaemann). Suffering has a moral character of the first order in people's lives because it puts us at stake in the search for the meaning and the “what for” of what we live. We cannot stifle the questions that these experiences raise in us: who am I that I suffer? What is the meaning, why do I suffer? What am I to do when suffering appears on the path of life?

The answer to the question of the mystery of suffering

As stated by Professor Livio Melina: “The human being can even endure pain; what he cannot endure is suffering deprived of meaning. And man suffers when he experiences disproportion in relation to his desire for fulfillment.”. But how can we find this meaning and the answer to the questions it raises? The way is made easier by recognizing that the word that best accompanies the reality of suffering is “mystery”.

This term usually refers to something that we cannot come to know, something unattainable for our capacity of understanding. However, what it expresses in relation to suffering is that we are faced with a reality whose meaning is hidden from us, and must be revealed to us: “The solution to this dramatic question can never be offered only in the light of human thought, because in suffering is contained the greatness of a specific mystery that only the Revelation of God can reveal to us.” (Samaritanus Bonus, I).

Therefore, we are not the ones who can unravel the answer to the questions raised by the experience of suffering, but rather we must open ourselves to receive it. And from the Christian faith it is possible to listen to this answer that has been made known to us in the person of Jesus Christ. This is the way to enter into the Christian meaning of human suffering, as St. John Paul II explained in his Apostolic Letter Salvifici doloris (1984): “Christ gives the answer to the question about suffering and about the meaning of suffering, not only with his teachings, that is, with the Good News, but above all with his own suffering, which is integrated in an organic and indissoluble way with the teachings of the Good News. This is the ultimate and synthetic word of this teaching: “the doctrine of the Cross”.” (1 Corinthians 1:18)” (Salvifici Doloris, 18).

The core of redemption is not found in the overwhelming event of a very intense or unbearable pain, but the essential point lies in who Jesus of Nazareth is, and in the salvific and redemptive meaning that his suffering contains. Jesus Christ, being innocent, approached the world of human suffering, plunging himself willingly into it in a radical way, to the ultimate consequences. On the cross, Christ transfigured suffering by his redeeming love. The mystery of his passion and death is included in the paschal mystery. The eloquence of the resurrection manifests the victorious power of his self-giving for love, the sign of which are the signs of the passion that Jesus preserves in his risen body. The glory, which on the cross was totally veiled, shines forth in fullness through the resurrection, thus manifesting “the victorious power of suffering” (Salvifici Doloris, 25). 

Suffering has not disappeared after Christ's resurrection, but now we can live it united to him with a redemptive sense, until the new heavens and earth come, where there will be no death, no mourning, no crying, no pain, because the former has disappeared (cf. Revelation 21:4). Thus: “Although the victory over sin and death, achieved by Christ with his cross and resurrection does not abolish the temporal sufferings of human life, nor does it free from suffering the whole historical dimension of human existence, nevertheless, over that whole dimension and over every suffering this victory casts a new light, which is the light of salvation.” (Salvifici Doloris, 15). 

Do good to those who suffer

God's response to man on the meaning of suffering makes us sharers in the sufferings of Christ for the redemption of the world, and also opens for us a path of action in the gift of self out of love for those who suffer. Whether we are the needy because we suffer, or whether we are called not to pass by those in need, a dynamic of relationality emerges that involves us in the first person. The times of suffering in life are also times of relationships, in which a new gaze emerges, that of the “heart that sees,” characteristic of the Good Samaritan (cf. Samaritanus Bonus, II-III). 

The Christian sense of human suffering makes possible this gaze that discovers Jesus Christ himself in the one who suffers, as is indicated in the conclusion of the letter Samaritanus Bonus: “This vocation to love and care for others, which brings with it the gain of eternity, is explicitly announced by the Lord of life in this paraphrase of the Last Judgment: ”Receive the kingdom as your inheritance, for I was sick and you visited me. When, Lord? As often as you have done this to one of your least brothers, to one of your brothers who suffers, you have done it to me (cf. Mt 25:31-46).".

The reality of suffering will always remain shrouded in a certain mystery for us, but in the light of Christ's passion, death and resurrection it opens up a new meaning and a new hope to which we can open ourselves and in which we are made sharers. It also inaugurates a new way of acting towards those who suffer. It is true that we cannot take the place of those who suffer, but we can generate a relationship of help, listening and consolation, offering them all the good necessary to lift them from the wound of desolation and open in their hearts luminous cracks of hope. 

This is what, in a way, Sam Sagaz expressed in a critical moment of Tolkien's epic tale, at the end of that long road traveled with his friend Frodo Baggins, when faced with the tremendous weight that he carried and that prevented him from moving forward, plunged in the darkness of a terrible suffering, he said to him, moved by the deep love he had for him: “Come along, Mr. Frodo! I can't carry him for you, but I can carry you along with him - come on, dear Mr. Frodo!” (J.R.R. Tolkien).

The authorIgnacio Serrada Sotil

Faculty of Theology, Universidad de San Dámaso

Resources

Bishop of Oslo breaks a lance in favor of Confession

The Bishop of Oslo, Monsignor Hansen, has written a letter highlighting the value of Confession and explaining some key points of the sacrament.

Paloma López Campos-March 23rd, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

The Bishop of Oslo, Fredrik Hansen, has written a letter to all the faithful of his diocese by highlighting the sacrament of Confession. In his Lenten message he encouraged Christians to go to Confession in preparation for Holy Week and, now that these crucial days are approaching, he has once again insisted on the key points of this sacrament.

As a starting point, Bishop Hansen states that “all sin damages our relationship and our bonds with God, with the Church and with our fellow human beings”. The consequence of this is that “we are left alone, like the prodigal son in Jesus” parable“. The Norwegian Bishop then recalls the words of St. Paul: ”The wages of sin is death“ (Rom 6:23), therefore, ”sin is much more destructive in our lives than we often think".

The hope of mercy

However, the Christian cannot lose hope in the face of this reality, for “in confession, God forgives us in his mercy, restores divine life in us and restores us to friendship with him and unity with the Church”.

And here the Bishop of Oslo introduces a very important nuance: “we do not go to confession to obsess about our mistakes, but to encounter God's unfathomable mercy and receive his forgiveness and peace”.

The path of confession

Given the importance of the sacrament, Monsignor Hansen points out that “the path to confession must be (...) brief and without obstacles”. In addition, the Christian has to walk this path “regularly”, even “we must run every time we have committed serious sins”.

In this sense, the bishop insists, “sin should rather awaken in us a zeal to confess our sins and receive God's forgiveness”.

Regular attendance at the sacrament

“Every believer should go to confession regularly,” assures the Bishop of Oslo. This habit helps us “to examine our lives for sins of weakness, to understand ever more deeply the law of God and to seek with fervor the holiness to which the Lord calls us.”.

The prelate proposes three moments of the year in which he considers especially important to walk the path of Confession: Lent, Easter and Advent.

The preparation

Monsignor Hansen also warns of the importance of “preparing well for confession and thus fulfilling the requirements of the sacrament”:

  • “Sincerely repent of our sins.”
  • “Confess them with humility.”
  • “Faithfully fulfill our penance”.

It is necessary, therefore, “a deep reflection on our lives, in silence and prayer, in order to determine what sins we should confess and what we should expose concretely in the confessional”.

To make the examination of conscience, the bishop recommends turning, among other things, to “the Ten Commandments or other fundamental biblical texts”.

Example of priests

The bishop addresses a few words to the priests of the diocese, who know “how great the sacrament of confession is and how important it is in our own lives and in the lives of the faithful.” He encourages them all, including himself, “to set an example and to go to confession regularly and faithfully ourselves.”.

He also exhorts them to make “confession even more accessible, even easier to go to, even safer and, to a greater extent, a living encounter with God's infinite mercy”.

The reminder of Holy Week

The Bishop of Oslo concludes by pointing out that “from the mysteries of Easter, and above all from the death of Jesus on the cross for our sins, shines forth the victory over death and sin”. A victory that “becomes a reality in us in the sacrament of confession”.

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Family

Aquilino Polaino: «No one can live well with himself if he rejects his father».»

At the heart of Polaino's discourse beats an uncomfortable truth: seeking a comfortable life is counterproductive to human happiness.

Javier García Herrería-March 23rd, 2026-Reading time: 8 minutes

Fifty years of clinical practice and teaching are enough to observe the human soul in all its lights and shadows. Aquilino Polaino, a referent of psychiatry in Spain and co-author of The art of getting married and having no regrets, reflects on what he has learned over the years about the person, the bonds and the structure of the family in a society that seems to have forgotten the instruction manual of commitment.

What are the changes that have surprised you the most in the five decades you have been in your profession?

ーFirst of all, the radical change, and I would almost say the opposite, of what the family used to be. It seems to me that the family, as we knew it, has fallen apart. Secondly, the immaturity of the parents' generation. It seems to me a very substantive change, almost paradigmatic. 

And, in third place -although already at a greater distance- I would put the situation of young people from adolescence onwards: the number of problems they have and the almost absolute lack of personal resources to face them. This causes them to collapse even more and they become the object of enormous uncertainty, in a context where there is a lack of exciting and enthusiastic youth policies, really designed for them.

To someone it might seem that your diagnosis focuses primarily on the lost.

ーNot all times past were better. I, at least, in the social relationships I maintain - with former students, with patients I once had - I continue to find isolated points, but which are of enormous value. If I compare those young people with those of my generation, in some things they clearly surpass us.

I don't like to call them “nuclei of resistance”, but they are. They open up a very real hope that change will come sooner or later. It may take fifteen or twenty years, but I am convinced that they will succeed. Why? Because they are very prepared, very serious people, who share old values, who have suffered a lot. They have discovered a world in which young people are in the way and are relegated to the back of the queue in the face of economic predators: underpaid, with housing problems, with male-female relationships that do not work. And yet, they are strong, have illusions and know what they want in life. That, sooner or later, has to turn the tables.

How do you interpret the phenomenon of the “Catholic turn” in Spain?

ーThere are many factors that have prepared this “turn” that we now see. One of them is very human: the ability to get fed up. There comes a time when you get fed up, and then you enter a crisis. The discomfort is so great that it can no longer be tolerated.

If we add a minimum idea of justice to this weariness, the person begins to change by himself. That is where the radical change takes place. The return to faith and religious values contributes very strongly to this change, as long as a necessary condition is met, although it is not sufficient: to distinguish between religion and emotion.

If they are confused, the result will be unsatisfactory, somewhat explosive and regrettable for many young people. Because religion cannot be reduced to a feeling. Faith needs affectivity, transforms it and has much to do with it, but it cannot be identified with mere affectivity.

Do you say this because of concrete situations, recent movements, Church documents?

I am not saying this because of a specific text but because of an underlying dynamic. Many young people who are now open to religion have seen and suffered as their parents went from being believers to an agnostic and non-religious stance. In extreme cases, they have seen their parents become apostates.

When the religious aspect of their lives takes root in them, they find that what should have been transmitted to them as an example and education was not. And there arises a love-hate problem towards parents. Sometimes it is justified, and it must be solved by resorting to forgiveness. Other times it is not justified, but it is also necessary to solve it, because otherwise the wound becomes chronic.

Today we see it, for example, in many young girls: everything positive they find in themselves -intelligence, sportsmanship, good heart- they attribute to themselves. The negative - laziness, consumerism, lack of industriousness - they blame on their parents. Parents become the scapegoat for everything bad. The good, on the other hand, would be the exclusive fruit of their own merit. This is a tremendous mistake.

What are the psychological consequences of this way of reading one's own biography?

ーParents accept children as they come, not knowing who their child will be. The parent does not choose the child, nor does the child choose the parents. There is a reciprocal acceptance supported by psychobiology and the nature of the human condition.

On that basis, parents should devote themselves to the human and religious education of their children, spending time with them and setting an example in a hundred thousand details. And the children, for their part, must observe their own defects and not project them onto the false scapegoat that is the parents. Otherwise, many psychological problems become chronic.

If a person does not accept his father as he is and only sees him surrounded by defects that he projects onto himself, he believes that he only harms his father, but the one who harms himself the most is himself, because he comes from his father. If he hates his father or lives in a permanent attraction-rejection towards him, he reproduces the same dynamic with himself. And no one can live well with himself if, at the same time, he rejects himself. 

Listening to you talk about youthful wounds, about how the family past is reworked, it is inevitable to remember Jordan Peterson. What do you think of his contributions and his influence?

ーAnyone who has professional experience with young people in psychology or psychiatry will have perceived phenomena very similar to those described by Peterson. In societies where about half of the young people have not had a good attachment to their parents, a generation is growing up that has never felt truly secure.

Many say that their father always corrected them in public, humiliated them, never gave them a big hug, emphasized only the negative. That image not recognized as valuable generates resentment. And a resentful person is a bitter person who seeks revenge through aggressiveness.

This aggressiveness is used against himself and others. He can insult himself and nothing happens, but whatever another says to him, he experiences it as an aggression that forces him to fight. From there it goes on to something very fashionable, also fed by certain trends ideologicalvictimology. Many young people have discovered that, if they present themselves as victims, politics offers them subsidies. An escape route has been constructed through subsidized victimization.

What are the social consequences of this logic of victimization and subsidization?

ーIf I declare myself a victim - rightly or wrongly - I conclude that society owes me justice, and should compensate for my pain with a subsidy. That is part of a great environmental materialism. But the victimizer will never get out of this false attitude by reaching out and asking for subsidies.

When the citizen's relationship with politics is reduced to being a subsidized class, dependent on the state, personal freedom is seriously eroded. There are more and more victims, more subsidies and more resentment and bitterness. What people want, deep down, is to be free, and this permanent economic dependence does not make people freer but more vulnerable to manipulation.

For the first time in decades, certain anthropological changes linked to transsexuality have found clear brakes in the public debate -in prisons, bathrooms or mixed sports-, with a clash between trans activism and feminism. Do you think we are facing a “this is as far as we have come” or is it just a parenthesis?

ーI think all these are slow brakes, they cannot yet be considered a consolidated trend. We are in a phase of self-awareness: of realizing the reality, of how many people have been manipulated and led down a wrong path, full of mistakes and great suffering.

The signs of change exist and come, to a large extent, from very capable people who have been able to see them. This means that we have emerged from the ideological and dogmatic hermeticism in which almost all of society used to live. There are points of light, more critical spirit, and what today are incipient signs may become a trend in a few years.

In the medical field this is very clear: hormonal treatment of adolescents with gender dysphoria has been restricted or banned in quite a few countries, after it was found that it was not really helping the patients.

What specific events seem to you to be the most significant in this change of medical course?

ーMany medical teams have observed that those who underwent hormone and surgical sex changes obviously continued to have the same biological cellular sex, and that their underlying problems were not resolved. Longitudinal follow-ups have shown elevated rates of severe psychiatric distress, including schizophrenia and suicide.

This has acted as a very strong deterrent among the professionals themselves. A paradigmatic case is the Tavistock Clinic in London, for years a world reference in the treatment of young people with gender dysphoria, which has had to close its service after complaints from parents of patients.

That a clinic with more than a century and a half of history, pioneering and influential even for American child and adolescent psychiatry, has taken this step is a wake-up call for the whole of English society and beyond. The fact that underage hormone therapy is now banned or severely restricted in England and in many states in the United States indicates that the issue is beginning to change in substance. I trust that, in time, colleagues who got it wrong will apologize for a malpractice that was often exercised with good intentions, but with little awareness of its consequences.

Before I finish, I would like to add a topic: the demographic winter. Why do you think it is so important?

ーBecause it's tremendous, and it's closely related to my last book, The art of getting married and having no regrets, written with a very young boy. I have always maintained that young people can do much more than they think they can, and I have seen it empirically. The problem is that, because they don't know themselves, they live in a very strange situation.

They overestimate themselves in what they are worth little and underestimate themselves in what they are worth a lot. A girl can consider herself very beautiful (overestimation) and yet hide or not value that she is very intelligent (underestimation) because she is afraid of being labeled a “nerd”. The boy puts all the emphasis on muscles, when he will never be a Real Madrid player. And at the same time he considers himself mediocre, stupid, incapable of achieving great goals. They underestimate his capacity for audacity, courage, leadership, for guiding his life well, for having a high biographical project and fighting for it every day.

Do parents share this distorted view of their teenagers?

ーMany times yes. They too get carried away by clichés and fears. They think that having a teenage child is almost an impossible mission, something close to heroic survival. And it's not true.

Adolescence is a difficult period of transition, because it is the first time freedom and the multiplication of impulses, but it is also a stage where the young person raises human and anthropological questions that border on the metaphysical. It is an accelerator of the radical change towards maturity.

This must be taken advantage of. Neither parents can underestimate or belittle their teenage children, nor can children disqualify their parents. However, a very erroneous state of opinion has spread that presents the adolescent child almost exclusively as a problem.

How does this connect to the declining birth rate and fear of parenthood?

ーToday many potential parents believe that having a child is to stop living well in order to live badly. They only put in the balance the effort, the dedication, the economic cost. They do not put on the other plate all that a child brings to the family.

Thus, the balance never stabilizes and the fear of filiation grows, which is basically a fear of paternity. Without children one cannot be a father. And parenthood has a biological and human dimension, but also a spiritual dimension: it is taking responsibility for someone other than yourself. It is precisely this responsibility that makes people “stretch”, that makes them improve, that makes them mature much more.

Instead of seeing children as a threat to the “good life”, we should see them as the best thing that can happen to a couple: a gift that is given to them so that they can educate, love, protect, support and form them, bringing out the best person possible. And, incidentally, so that they never feel alone again. Changing this narrative is essential if we want to reverse the demographic winter.

What would become of the parents without their children, you might ask? Quite simply, they would work less, consume more, delay and hinder their personal development, indulging in an adolescent and individualistic lifestyle. They would start a path towards individualism, at the end of which is the cold of loneliness and the perplexity of boredom.

Books

Catholic-Lutheran dialogue

The book “The Catholic-Lutheran Dialogue” is a good help to understand how two traditions that were at odds for centuries have managed to lay the foundations of understanding in recent decades.

Pablo Blanco Sarto-March 23rd, 2026-Reading time: < 1 minute

Luther was the initiator of a great revolution in the Church, which led to the division of the Church and the birth of an infinite number of communities, totaling one billion Christians. Therefore, when it comes to detecting the state of health of the dialogue - from the doctrinal point of view - with all these Protestants, the best thing to do is to study the dialogue with the Lutherans. The book “Catholic-Lutheran dialogue”is a good help to understand how two traditions that were at odds for centuries have managed to establish a basis of understanding in recent decades.

The origin of this dialogue can be traced back to the gestures of the Vatican Council II and how, from then on, there was a shift from an attitude of “mutual condemnation” to one of “search for unity”. This study analyzes milestones such as the V centenary of the beginning of the Reformation in 2017, where Pope Francis actively participated. But before that there were fundamental texts such as the “Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification” (1999). This is the theological origin of the book, which details how the main conflict of the Reformation was resolved: How is the Christian saved? 

There, the conclusion was reached that salvation is the work of God's grace, even if it is expressed in different ways in each tradition. This book takes this technical document apart to make it understandable. But there are also major issues such as the nature of the Church, the sacraments, ministry and biblical hermeneutics. Thus, a further Joint Declaration on these issues, which this study dissects, would be necessary. The consensus reached after five hundred years must continue as the fruit of praying, working and studying together.

Catholic-Lutheran dialogue

AuthorPablo Blanco-Sarto
Editorial: BAC
Length: 272
Year of publication: 2026

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Vocations

The Secret Behind “Forever”: Predictors of Success in Love

Elena Anaya, Ph.D. in neurosciences, argues in this article that success in marriage does not depend on luck or the intensity of initial romanticism, but on a set of conscious decisions, relational skills and emotional maturity that are built over time.

María Elena Anaya Hamue-March 22, 2026-Reading time: 8 minutes

The set of factors behind the “forever” in marriage is a question of interest. For my part, it has been the subject of an extensive article in the book ‘The Rebirth of the Family’, as you can see at the end of this text. 

This text summarizes that article, entitled “The Secret Behind ‘Forever’: Predictors of Success in Love”. In the article, instead of presenting married love as something spontaneous that “just happens,” it is approached as a dynamic reality that can strengthen or deteriorate depending on how the couple communicates, handles disagreements, expresses affection, and makes commitments.

The starting point is to recognize that life as a couple can be a source of joy, stability and growth, as well as a space of wear and tear, frustration and conflict. This difference has been extensively studied by researchers who analyze which variables increase the probability of satisfaction and permanence, and which increase the risk of crisis, separation or divorce. 

This article is supported by relevant scientific literature (with references to authors such as John Gottman, Howard Markman, Wilson, Mahoney and Ellison, among others) and also by the author's doctoral research in Jalisco, Mexico, developed between 2013 and 2021 within the AMAR (Antecedents of Marital Adjustment Research) project of the University of Navarra.

Married people: higher levels of happiness than single people

The following participated in this research 310 engaged couples about to get married, The data were used to analyze the relationship between the two groups, who provided extensive information about themselves and their relationship. With these data, the following were analyzed predictors associated with marital success or failure. The text stresses that understanding these predictors has practical value: it allows one to anticipate risks, correct harmful patterns and develop competencies that make a stable and satisfying relationship more likely.

Marital satisfaction as the core of marital success

A central theme of the article is the marital satisfactionMarital satisfaction is presented as a decisive component of success, closely related to the permanence of the couple and the emotional quality of its members. The text describes marital satisfaction as an experience that emerges from daily coexistence and from the way spouses treat each other, take care of each other and face challenges. In other words, it is not enough to “love each other” in an abstract sense; it is important to how this desire is expressed in actions, words, habits, decisions and interaction styles.

The conflicts themselves are not necessarily the problem.

In this regard, the contribution of John Gottman, whose research has emphasized that the affectivity and daily dealings have a decisive influence on stability. Kindness, mutual respect, the ability to be grateful, forgiveness and the way disagreements are handled are described as factors that not only help a marriage to last, but also help it to become a real source of well-being.

The text makes an important distinction: conflicts in themselves are not necessarily the problem; it is how they are managed that damages the relationship. When disagreements are discussed constructively, with respect and openness, they can even strengthen the bond. On the other hand, when they are discussed out of hostility or contempt, the conflict becomes corrosive and erodes trust and the sense of unity.

Factors that strengthen the relationship 

In addition, the article introduces the topic of emotional support and its link to well-being. It is mentioned that several researches have observed that, on average, married people report higher levels of happiness than unmarried people, This is partly due to having more constant affective support. Without idealizing marriage or affirming that it always guarantees well-being, the author suggests that, if the relationship is healthy, there is usually greater emotional support, which contributes to life satisfaction.

Along with this, practices that strengthen the bond are mentioned: talking about problems in a constructive way, sharing goals and projects, carrying out activities together and, in some cases, sharing religious practices. The author points out that some studies have found that when couples share religious practices, the frequency of serious conflicts, infidelity or violence may decrease. 

The idea is presented as a research finding (not an imposition) and is integrated into the overall argument: shared habits and common sense frameworks can support stability, as long as they do not substitute for daily emotional and relational work.

Predictors of success and failure: static and dynamic factors.

A central part of the article is dedicated to explaining the predictors of marital success or failure. Following Howard Markman, two types can be distinguished:

Static factorspremarital conditions that cannot be easily changed because they pertain to the past or to the background context of the person or couple. Examples mentioned include growing up in a home with divorced parents, having children from previous relationships, belonging to different religions, or marrying very young. These factors do not doom a relationship, but they can increase risks or pose specific challenges that need to be recognized realistically.

Dynamic factorsare variables related to daily interaction and the way of bonding. Unlike static variables, these can be worked on and modified. They include communication difficulties, unrealistic expectations, low commitment, or negative styles of discussion and conflict resolution.

This distinction is encouraging: while some initial circumstances are influential, many of the most important variables are developable. In other words, marital success is not just about “getting lucky” with the right person, but about building skills and habits that make love sustainable.

Hostility as a sign of high risk

Among the indicators of failure, the article highlights in a special way the hostility, This is one of the most dangerous factors. Findings are presented that associate relationships marked by hostility with a significantly higher risk of divorce. 

Hostility is understood here as a relational climate where attack, contempt, disqualification, hurtful tone or the intention to win at the expense of the other predominates. This type of dynamic not only damages communication, but also undermines the feeling of emotional and team security.

In line with this idea, Gottman's framework of destructive patterns in couple life, popularly known as the “four horsemen,” is incorporated: constant criticism, defensiveness, avoidance and, especially, contempt. In the text, these patterns function as warning signs: when they dominate the interaction, the relationship becomes more fragile. 

Systematic criticism targets the character of the other (not specific behaviors), defensiveness prevents taking responsibility, avoidance prevents necessary conversations, and contempt degrades the dignity of the bond. Together, these dynamics create emotional distance and resentment, factors that hinder repair and growth.

What characterizes well-functioning couples

In contrast, the article describes common traits of couples who achieve stability and satisfaction. Among them are:

Healthy communication skillsThe following are some of the key elements: speaking clearly, listening respectfully, validating emotions, and negotiating disagreements without humiliating or imposing.

Adaptation to changesability to adjust expectations and roles when life brings transitions (work, children, family crises, moves, etc.).

Open and respectful conflict resolutionwillingness to face problems rather than avoid them, with a solution-oriented style.

High commitmentA sustained decision to nurture the bond, even when initial enthusiasm wanes.

Knowledge and understanding of the otherGenuine interest in the partner's history, needs and limits; ability to read emotional cues and respond with care.

The text suggests that relational success is based on a realistic view: recognizing the other as he/she is (with strengths and limits), building agreements and maintaining a deep connection without losing individuality.

Attachment and bonding: an especially powerful predictor

One of the strongest points of the article is the assertion that one of the most relevant predictors of the future of a relationship is the type of emotional bond described from the attachment theory. It is explained that the experiences of love, care and security during childhood -and also what is observed between parents- influence how adult relationships are built.

A secure attachment is associated with trust, respect and closeness: people with this style tend to build more stable and satisfying relationships. They feel able to depend on their partner without losing autonomy, and to offer support without controlling.

A anxious attachment can make commitment difficult due to insecurity: there is often a fear of abandonment, an intense need for confirmation and emotional reactivity. This can generate cycles of demand and tension.

A avoidant attachment tends to avoid emotional closeness: it can manifest as distance, minimization of affective needs or resistance to vulnerability, making deep connection difficult.

These styles are not presented as fixed labels, but as patterns that can be identified and worked on. For a healthy marriage, it is proposed to build a bond where both can take care of each other, respect individuality and maintain connection without falling into either suffocating dependence or cold distancing.

Personality also matters

In addition to attachment, the article includes the influence of personality on marital stability. It is clarified that there is no “perfect profile”, but there are tendencies that are associated with a higher risk of conflict. Traits such as high anxiety, impulsivity and emotional instability (neuroticism) are mentioned as factors that can increase friction and increase the risk of separation. In contrast, traits such as agreeableness and responsibility tend to facilitate stronger and more satisfying bonds.

Factors that can increase friction

The text's approach avoids determinism: these traits do not dictate the fate of the relationship, but they do shape a terrain where some dynamics are more likely. Again, the implicit message is that self-knowledge and personal development are part of the path to a realistic “forever.”.

Courtship as a decisive stage: more than romanticism

Another central thesis of the article is that the courtship should not be a simple romantic anteroom, but a time of real acquaintance and preparation for a definitive delivery. 

At this stage, the couple can build a strong foundation if it is lived with authenticity, responsibility and depth. This involves talking about relevant issues, observing patterns of treatment, detecting how tensions are dealt with, and cultivating relational skills.

Married love, a daily decision to love each other realistically

It is worth warning against false expectations and patterns of living together that can hinder genuine commitment. The idea is that rehearsing forms of relationship that avoid commitment or are based on idealizations can prevent the couple from sincerely addressing issues that are decisive for their life together. Dating, if well lived, helps to choose with whom to share life even when the road becomes demanding and unforeseen events arise.

In this sense, conjugal love is described as something broader than shared attraction and dreams: it is a daily decision to love each other with realism, respect and perseverance. Mutual knowledge, realistic acceptance and genuine commitment increase the ability to withstand difficulties and remain united.

Closing: the “secret” of forever

The article concludes that the secret of “forever” is not in chance or romantic idealization, but in a sustained process of construction. Marital success is supported by identifiable and trainable predictors: affective communication, constructive conflict resolution, kindness, forgiveness, gratitude, genuine commitment and emotional maturity. 

Likewise, recognizing risk factors - insecure attachment, persistent hostility, emotional instability - allows couples to work in time to prevent burnout and strengthen the bond.

Overall, marriage appears as a daily and responsible choice that can become a space of growth, belonging and permanence, capable of renewal over time if the right skills and attitudes are cultivated.

Key ideas

Marital success is built, not accidental.

The dynamic factors (communication, conflict, commitment) are especially crucial because they can be worked on.

– Supernatural hostility and the contempt are signs of high risk.

The attachment (secure vs. anxious/avoidant) greatly influences stability and satisfaction.

The courtship should be a realistic preparation stage for shared life.

Forever“ requires dedication, fidelity y emotional maturity.

—————————

Elena Anaya is a doctor in neurosciences and director of Marca Familia. Mexico

This text is a summary of an article published by Dr. María Elena Anaya Hamue in the book “The Rebirth of the Family”. You can consult here the author's website.

The Rebirth of the Family

Author: Karl-Maria de Molina (ed.)
Editorial: BoD - Books on Demand
Pages: 300
Year: 2025
The authorMaría Elena Anaya Hamue

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Memory rooms

Forgiveness allows one to reconstruct one's own history and to look at the other without rancor. It allows us to stop living bent over the wound and to discover that identity is not built by denying what we have lived through, but by learning to inhabit it.

March 22, 2026-Reading time: 4 minutes

At the beginning of “King Lear” by William Shakespeare there is a scene that has always struck me as disturbingly close. A father asks his daughters to declare how much they love him. The measure of love is subjected to a prior mold born of his own hubris. Lear does not listen, he compares. He does not seek the truth of the bond, he seeks confirmation of himself. When the word does not fit the form he has imposed, he interprets it as an offense. The only daughter who refuses to play this game is Cordelia. She keeps silent, a silence in the form of truth. This silence pays dearly. Lear banishes and disowns her. Eventually Cordelia returns when she learns that her father has fallen into disgrace.

A contemporary reading of this tragedy appears in “Casting Lear” by Andrea Jiménez. The play revisits Shakespeare's text and makes it resonate in our current sensibility. The stage becomes a place of inquiry about forgiveness and the fragility of human relationships.

The resonance of forgiveness

To ask for forgiveness is to acknowledge the harm one has caused. Saying “I forgive you” means acknowledging the harm received. There is also another, less visible phrase. “I forgive myself.” Forgiveness cannot undo what has happened because the past remains a historical fact. Its scope is different. It acts on the consequences of the harm. It opens the possibility of a different future where there seemed to remain only the repetition of the wound.

When Cordelia meets her father again, a silent question arises. His return can be understood as a gesture of reconciliation that allows to close the wound and rebuild one's own life. Forgiveness then appears as a way of recomposing what history has fractured.

Lear's tragedy can also be read as the collapse of an inner architecture. The king, who at the beginning thought he ruled everything, gradually loses the order that sustained his world. It is only in this openness that a new form of lucidity and the possibility of reunion appear.

There are moments in which each person finds himself before the pieces that compose him. Loose pieces that are difficult to recognize within one's own biography. Fragments of experiences, wounds, gestures of love. Then comes the time to try to fit them together.

The role of memory

Thinking about this I often return to the contemplation of Hammershøi's “Die vier Zimmer”. The painting shows a succession of rooms open towards each other. Silent spaces that are chained together in depth. One enters the first room and discovers another at the back, then another. The architecture of the painting suggests the way we go through our own memory. The space organizes the gaze. Time seems suspended in the stillness of the rooms, as if it were no longer the coordinate that marks the rhythm of life.

When we organize the agenda, we place activities in a place and time. Memory works in a similar way. It records events, encodes them, stores them and retrieves them. When they return, they do so mixed with affections. The memory is not a simple piece of data. It is the representation of an event charged with feeling. Most of these memories remain outside of consciousness even though they continue to shape our identity.

In “La Reina de las Nieves” by Carmen Martín Gaite, the house called Quinta Blanca functions as an architecture of memory. Its spaces help to order the time lived. Leonardo, the protagonist, walks through the house while trying to understand his own history.

Entering the house means crossing a threshold. This step demands attention. It is the instant in which one notices that one is moving from one place to another. Something similar happens when we pay attention to our thoughts. A passage opens up to a deeper part of ourselves.

Following the metaphor, memories that have long remained without light appear in basements. They emerge suddenly and it is difficult to find a place for them. Remaining there generates uneasiness. When going up to the main floor, these fragments are somewhat more illuminated and begin to be recognized as their own, although they are not yet ordered.

Above are the rooms where the bonds live. The family, the affection received, the affection offered. There, childhood scenes reappear. The security of sleeping in the parents' bed when a nightmare interrupts the night. In these rooms we also learn to look at ourselves in the mirror of others. Recognizing the other allows us to discover that identity is never built in solitude.

Three dimensions of experience appear at this level of the house. “Pathos” is the attention that something awakens in us. “Logos” is the consciousness that interprets the memory. “Ethos” is the possibility of recognizing ourselves in the other.

In the highest part of the house appears the tower. There the light is brighter. It is Leonardo's room, the place where he lived as a child. From there history can be contemplated with a certain distance. There lie the handwritten notebooks, the first books read, the words that have been left as a trace of the passage of time. Not everything is resolved in that place. The pieces begin to show their shape.

Traversing the interiority

In the end, the three works seem to weave the same reflection.

In William Shakespeare's “King Lear” the fracture appears first. The order that Lear believed to be firm crumbles and leaves him exposed to his own truth. Only in that openness can he recognize Cordelia and understand what had been hidden under pride.

Cordelia's gaze then introduces another movement. She returns without reproach, with a silent fidelity that opens the possibility of forgiveness. Her presence allows Lear to look again. In this encounter the father recognizes the daughter and the daughter recovers the father. Between them, the lost fragments of the relationship begin to reunite. Forgiveness does not erase history. It allows it to be re-inhabited.

The silent rooms of Vilhelm Hammershøi's “Die vier Zimmer” introduce another movement. The interior space where memory moves from one room to another. Each open door suggests a transit. Something of life is left behind and something begins to light up ahead.

In “La Reina de las Nieves” by Carmen Martín Gaite, this interiority finally finds an architecture. The house of Quinta Blanca allows to find a safe place, to go through the time lived and to order the pieces of one's own history.

Fracture, interiority, home. Three gestures that respond to each other. Life is broken, memory turns inward, history seeks a form to inhabit.

The key to forgiveness

– Supernatural Lent proposes a similar journey. A time to accept the fractures, to cross in silence the rooms of memory and to allow one's own history to find its place. There, forgiveness begins to open space. It does not erase what has been lived. It makes it possible to inhabit it without rancor and to continue the path with a new look.

One question remains: Can someone forgive without having found who he or she is?

Forgiveness seems to lead to this answer. It allows to recompose one's own history and to look at the other without rancor. It allows us to stop living bent over the wound. It allows us to discover that identity is not built by denying what we have lived, but by learning to inhabit it.

The authorPeca Macher

Peca Macher is an architect and art curator, founder of Präsenz, a project that integrates art, education and conscious leadership through pausing, looking and listening. With more than 25 years of experience in cultural management and reflection, she writes and researches about memory, aesthetic experience and art as a tool for personal and social transformation. She is the author of the book Präsenz. Art as a tool for human and educational transformation.

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Integral ecology

Why Artificial Intelligence reveals the depths of our humanity

Millions of people, every night, before closing their eyes, ask questions to a machine with Artificial Intelligence (AI). They don't ask about the weather or a recipe. They ask: Does God exist? Why do I live? Why do I suffer? The phenomenon is real and profound. Not as a threat, but as a sign.  

Rafael Sanz Carrera-March 21, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

Questions that for centuries were entrusted only to the confessor, the wise old man or the silent darkness of prayer, such as "Does God exist," "Why do I live," or "Why do I suffer," are now asked every night, before closing our eyes, to an AI machine.

The phenomenon is real and profound. Not as a threat, but as a sign. Because if there is one thing that Artificial Intelligence has done with unexpected mastery, it is to reveal to us - with crystal clarity - exactly what we are.

The machine can respond. It can quote Thomas Aquinas, summarize the Book of Job, enumerate cosmological arguments. But - and here is the astonishing truth - the machine cannot ask the question. It does not need it. It does not feel it. It has no heart to hurt it.

The thirst that no screen can quench

We live in an age of an overabundance of answers and a growing hunger for meaning. We have access to more information than any previous generation, and yet spiritual loneliness is spreading like a desert. The contemporary human being, saturated with data, languishes for something that is neither downloaded nor stored in the cloud.

The technocratic culture - as the document of the International Theological Commission ‘Quo vadis, humanitas’ warns - is tempted to measure everything, to reduce man to function and performance. But man is not a function. He is someone who remembers with tenderness, who loves with vulnerability, who weeps before a sunset or at the foot of a tomb. Someone who, in the deepest silence of the night, feels that there is a voice calling his name.

– Supernatural Artificial Intelligence cannot know that voice. Not because it's small, but because it's just code. Brilliant, efficient, amazing code. However, the code doesn't bleed. It does not wait. It does not love.

The image of God in everyone

Herein lies the greatest astonishment: every time a machine does something we thought was exclusively human - writing, reasoning, composing - we discover, as if by luminous contrast, what no algorithm can replicate. The Catechism of the Catholic Church has always said it with beautiful simplicity: God's desire is inscribed in the human heart.

It is not a learned or programmed desire. It is born from the very experience of existing: from the amazement before a starry night, from the pain that cries out for justice, from that incomplete happiness that no earthly good can ever fulfill. St. Augustine knew it before anyone else: “You made us for yourself, Lord, and our heart is restless until it rests in you”.

The human being has been created in the image of God. Not as a pious metaphor, but as an ontological description of our deepest reality. We are capable of knowing the truth, of loving gratuitously, of opening ourselves to the eternal. No machine can be the image of God because no machine can search for God. And in that search -imperfect, painful, full of doubts and grace- lies all the greatness of the human.

Why this truth matters to us today

Deep down, the phenomenon of millions of people asking spiritual questions to a machine is not about the machines. It is about us. It speaks of a thirst that is never quenched, of a heart that finds no rest on any screen because it was made for a reality that no screen can contain.

– Supernatural Artificial Intelligence, Paradoxically, it gives us one of the oldest and most urgent questions: what am I that not even the most brilliant machine can be? The answer is not in the code. It has always been inscribed in the depths of your being: you are someone capable of loving, of suffering, of hoping, of searching. You are someone made for God.

An algorithm can answer the question “Does God exist?”. But only you can ask it with all the weight of your history, your wounds and your hope. And it is precisely in that search - fragile, courageous, unrepeatable - that religious experience begins. Life begins.

The authorRafael Sanz Carrera

Doctor of Canon Law

Culture

Fear in the West: Reading Jean Delumeau today

Six years have just passed since the death of the illustrious French Catholic historian Jean Delumeau (1923-2020). His book Fear in the West (1978) helps to understand today's world in which fear has not only not diminished, but has increased significantly.

Marta Pereda and Jaime Nubiola-March 21, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

In 1978, Jean Delumeau published in French his impressive book Fear in the West, which would be translated into Spanish by Taurus eleven years later (1989) with a subtitle that more precisely defines its theme XIV-XVIII centuries: A city under siege. The 2019 Spanish edition includes a luminous foreword by Amelia Valcárcel: “Delumeau wanted to write a new history of our world in which the keys could be sought outside the ordinary records. Not in economics or geopolitics, but in feelings. And he chose a particularly remarkable one, fear.”(p. xi). It is worth pausing here to consider what percentage of fear is in our personal and collective decisions and how much of that fear is reasonable. In the light of history and progress, we could perhaps establish how many acts, rightly or wrongly, occurred motivated by a completely unfounded fear.

"In fact -added Valcárcel. the world has recently ceased to be apocalyptic, if it has ceased to be apocalyptic at all, and this long peace of ours is not just a temporary suspension.” (p. xii). Perhaps that temporary suspension ended with the pandemic or with the wars in Ukraine and Palestine, in any case, the long peace no longer exists today and the world is beginning to appear apocalyptic again.

Categories of fears

Jean Delumeau talks about different types of fear: external, internal, psychological, spiritual... and how they are used for political purposes. Although his book is limited to the period between the 14th and 18th centuries, most of the fears that Delumeau identifies are still valid today: From the fear of disease - medieval and modern plagues became the threat of pandemics - to the fear of preservatives that may poison our food, to the endocrine disruptors that infest the creams we use to try to slow down the effects of the sun or age, to the social ostracism to which we may be subjected when we make an unfortunate comment on social networks. Even witchcraft, which we could equate to the ageism that surrounds us... After all, the average witch is an old woman; or to any kind of incident that ends in a witch hunt. Although the modern inquisition is more about social and psychological harm than physical torture, though not always. And, of course, the permanent fear of war, including nuclear holocaust.

In short, we have not evolved much in the West since medieval times when it comes to fear. Evidently, it is a human emotion that we don't seem to be getting rid of. Sharing and socializing fear sometimes seems counterproductive, yet should it be taboo?

The prism of emotions

Studying history from the point of view of emotions - or from any other approach other than political or economic - brings us closer to other human beings who have lived before us. Politics and economics require a more solemn, suit-and-tie approach, while emotions, feelings, relationships between people do not need a special wardrobe, nor a knowledge of specific and complicated terms; all people have feelings and emotions, and we act from them most of the time. Our decisions are not political, nor economic, they are largely emotional. And emotions, although the nuances are many, are more or less six: joy, disgust, anger, fear, surprise, sadness, depending, of course, on who you ask, the range can be extended. Who has not felt them not just once, but once every ten minutes? However, history is not traditionally studied from there; we do not study ourselves from emotions. That is why it is fascinating to delve into Delumeau's book.

If we were to make our own personal statistics by enumerating the occasions on which fear of something specific ended up closing, for example, a friendship, or by identifying how much time, which is our historical capital, we have lost because of fear. Would it have been worth it? In the end, Delumeau's review, more than a century after his birth, should make us grow individually, with the slight but irrefutable weight that our life has in the collective history of the West, and in particular, in the fear in the West, which, far from stopping, increases.

However, the title of the work and the theme should not mislead us. As Valcárcel points out at the end of the prologue: “His main thesis, often hidden by the enormous amount of data with which he supports it, is that Europe is above all Christianity and that this religion, its contents, have never been as accepted, known or dominant as we might suppose. That only now they are revealing themselves and becoming collective. That without them we cannot understand what we are and what characterizes us. It is a book, shall we say, of enormous historical self-analysis. Essential to understand what we can expect today.”(p. xv). Do we know how to distinguish clearly what is Christianity and what is the political history that has accompanied it? Can we separate the message from the envelope in which it has been wrapped? Undoubtedly, this is a decisive task for Christians in the 21st century.

The authorMarta Pereda and Jaime Nubiola

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Culture

Adam and Eve on trial before God. Bassano Brothers «The counterclaim to Adam».»

This canvas captures the moment when God confronts Adam after the fall, an episode rarely represented in art. With great symbolism and natural richness, the work reflects the rupture between the divine and the human.

Eva Sierra and Antonio de la Torre-March 20, 2026-Reading time: 7 minutes

ARTISTIC COMMENTARY

The play captures the moment in salvation history after the fall of Adam and Eve, when God confronts Adam about his actions. The scene appears in Genesis 3:9-11. Although many works of art have focused on the fall of Adam and Eve or their expulsion from paradise, depictions of God rebuking Adam are rare. Earlier we examined the depiction of Adam and Eve chosen by Dürer as an excuse to showcase his artistic mastery in depicting the human body. In contrast, the scale of this oil painting, which deals with the moment after the fall, (191 x 287 cm) is used to represent Eden as an Arcadian landscape full of animals.

The composition places the three central figures-God, Adam and Eve-within a triangular structure. God occupies the apex of this triangle, although the biblical text suggests that He was walking in the garden. His elevated position reinforces His omnipotence and authority over all creation. Adam and Eve, on the other hand, are placed on either side of the base of the triangle. This physical arrangement reflects their separation from God after the fall, a visual representation of the breach caused by original sin.

Eva, sitting under a tree on the left side, partially hides behind a rose bush. Her gaze is fixed on the stream flowing beneath her feet, her face full of guilt. She avoids looking at God, and her body language reflects her inner torment. Around him are mythical creatures such as unicorns, and exotic animals such as the dromedary. In the 16th century, it was common for painters to use animal stencils in their works, as artists were unlikely to have seen many of these animals in person. Eve's disconnection from the conversation between God and Adam highlights her passive role at this point in the narrative.

Adam, on the other hand, is standing on the right side, looking directly at God. His left hand points toward Eve, accusing her of offering him the forbidden fruit, while his right hand seems to offer an excuse on his own behalf. This interaction captures the essence of the dialogue between Adam and God. The animals surrounding Adam are painted in greater detail than those surrounding Eve, especially the domestic animals such as the cats and the small dog. A white lamb, placed in the foreground near Adam's feet, symbolically prefigures Jesus Christ as the “Lamb of God,” who would later sacrifice himself to redeem humanity from the sin that began in Eden.

Eden after the fall

The canvas is filled with a wide variety of creatures, symbolic of God's generosity in creation. The contrast between the multitude of animals in the lower half of the composition and the relative emptiness in the upper half adds another layer of meaning. The empty sky and space around God in the upper half signify his separation from the earthly realm emphasizing the distance between humanity and the divine after the fall. God's outstretched hand seems to ask Adam: “Wasn't all this enough?” The cool tones of the overall composition evoke a sense of loss and broken confidence. Unlike Bosch's warm and vibrant depictions of Eden, the Bassano's palette suggests a world still lush and abundant, but now tainted by disobedience.

Although God is depicted here as rebuking Adam, the Bible presents him as a more fatherly figure. This tension between judgment and paternal love is reflected in the composition. God is above and beyond creation, but still involved in its narrative. God rebuking Adam offers a unique interpretation of an underrepresented moment in the biblical story of Adam and Eve.

The painting is part of the Spanish Royal Collection, although it is unclear who originally commissioned it. We know that the painting was in the possession of Prince Philibert of Savoy, who later gave it as a gift to Philip IV of Spain. Philip IV's father, Philip III, had acquired several works by Bassano during his visit to Venice in 1582. This canvas, therefore, not only represents a significant theological moment, but is also a testimony to the artistic and cultural exchanges between the courts of Europe in the late Renaissance.

CATECHETICAL COMMENTARY

The scene depicted in this splendid still life of animals painted by Bassano corresponds to what is narrated in the second part of the third chapter of the Genesis. If the first part showed the story of the temptation and fall of our first parents, which we saw painted by Dürer, the second part represents the judgment to which God summons them for their sin. The third part, which we will see in a painting by Masaccio, represents the sentence of this judgment.

Therefore, we have an iconographic representation of a biblical scene that is very appropriate for reflecting on the meaning of sin and its place in the relationship of human beings not only with God, but also with their fellow human beings and with the Creation entrusted to their care. In it, Sacred Scripture teaches that sin is not a simple error, nor a psychological defect or weakness, nor a crime to whose realization an unjust society conditions the person. Sin is a rupture of the covenant with God, due to an abuse of freedom, for which the human being has to respond.

The Alliance and its Judge

The covenantal context, which is the framework in which biblical revelation draws the relationship between God and humanity, is established in Genesis 2. The Creator has made by free initiative a covenant with his creature, endowed with freedom to respond to him in love for him and for his fellow men. The fruit of this covenant is the enjoyment of the Garden of Eden and interpersonal harmony. Its condition is to use freedom properly, modeling its acts according to the precepts of the Creator and avoiding the prohibition of overstepping the forbidden limits. The breaking of this covenant, abusing freedom, necessarily entails a meeting between the parties to carry out a judgment in which man will answer to God.

This is the meaning of every sin, which is shown with patent clarity in the sin committed by Adam and Eve. In fact, after sin, man does not contemplate God as the Father who in his Mercy walks through Eden with his creatures, but as the Judge who appears to manifest his Justice before the creatures who have just lost the grace of original holiness. Before this vision, and seeing himself guilty and full of shame, as shown by the allusion to the fear of his nakedness, the human being hides from God (Genesis 3, 8).

Adam and Eve had already hidden from each other. In fact, in Genesis 3, 7 both are ashamed of their nakedness, lose the mutual trust and intimacy they enjoyed and hide from each other by covering themselves with fig leaves. The gap opened between them by the original sin is thus seen. As can be seen in the painting, the Judge appears before a humanity that has already lost the sincere communion between them, having broken with their freedom the precept of the Creator.

The judgment is narrated primarily in Genesis 3:9-12, and begins with the arrival of the Judge. As is frequent in the language of the Old Testament, the presence of God as Judge (also as Savior) is given in the picture in the midst of an impressive theophany. God appears as a transcendent and righteous Judge, wrapped in a purple robe of Supreme Lawgiver and, as Scripture says, “wrapped in a cloak of darkness; like a canopy, dark downpour and thick clouds surrounded him”.” (Psalm 18, 12). Terrible darkness brought by sin, which in the picture comes to hide the brightness of the sun, the star placed by the Creator to illuminate the day.

On this night the culprit is summoned for questioning, as is shown, for example, in this passage of Scripture: “our God is coming, and he will not keep silent; raging fire precedes him, a violent tempest surrounds him; from on high he summons heaven and earth to judge his people: gather together those who sealed the covenant with a sacrifice; let heaven proclaim his righteousness; God himself will judge.” (Psalm 50, 3-6). God summons from above, no longer in a pleasant Arcadian stroll, and the human being hides in the depths, hiding his responsibility in the breaking of the covenant. The fact that Adam exculpates himself and accuses Eve, as shown by the masterful play of his hands in the painting, indicates how sin makes it difficult for human beings to answer worthily for their free acts and to keep justice with their fellow men. Since then, before the divine judgment to which our own conscience summons us, it is common to avoid answering for our own acts and to excuse ourselves in those of others.

Creation as a jury

In this trial also appears, albeit implicitly, a jury. Creation itself, present in an overabundant way in the painting, seems to give a verdict of guilty to the human defendant. In the end, sin also has repercussions on Creation, which not only suffers the absence of a worthy custodian, but also suffers as a curse the consequences that sin inflicts on it. The abuse of freedom often entails the abuse of the resources granted by the Creator, so that, because of man's sin, Creation is groaning and oppressed by corruption, as St. Paul teaches (Romans 8, 22). In Jewish writings contemporary to St. Paul, we can also see how the animals accuse humans before God and ask him for justice for their excesses and abuses. The ecological impact of sin and the need for human beings to respond to Creation can also be seen in this picture.

Finally, and also implicitly, a defense attorney appears in this trial. The lamb that stands at Adam's feet is an evident figure of Christ, the promised savior figure in the protoevangelium of Genesis In fact, in order to contemplate correctly the meaning of sin, it is necessary to know Christ as the source of grace and forgiveness, and thus understand the meaning of Adam as the source of sin. The lamb, with its allusion to Christ's sacrifice on the Cross, is a symbol of how Christ's sacrifice, in obedience to the precepts and plan of God, forgives and makes superabundant reparation for the disobedience of Adam and Eve in the first sin. This figure in the painting, then, emotionally represents St. Paul's teaching on sin and righteousness: “for as by one man's disobedience all were made sinners, so by one man's obedience all will be made righteous.” (Romans 5:19).

Title of the workThe counterclaim to Adam
AuthorBassano Brothers
Century: XVI
MaterialOil on canvas
Size: 191 x 287 cm
Location: National Museum of El Prado

The authorEva Sierra and Antonio de la Torre

Art historian and Doctor of Theology

Gareth Gore and the abuses of conscience in Opus Dei

And, above all, what happens when an interpretative framework does not admit nuances? If all influence is suspect, if all intense formation is potentially abusive, if all demanding dedication is seen as the result of coercion, then the conclusion seems inevitable: not only Opus Dei would be called into question, but a good part of religious life as it has existed for centuries.

March 20, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

In recent years, Gareth Gore and a number of other journalists have pushed an extremely critical narrative about Opus Dei, arguing that the institution has engaged in intense “spiritual abuse” of its members. 

According to this thesis, both minors and adults close to the institution would have been deprived of real freedom, having been trained - or even “captured” - in an environment that profoundly conditioned their decisions. Moreover, the institution acted in bad faith and instrumentalized people without seeking any real good for them. 

Leaving aside the fact that Gore's approach is based on listening exclusively to the dissatisfied former members of Opus Dei, The accusation is serious and deserves to be taken seriously. But it also raises an inevitable question: if we accept this interpretative framework without nuance, how far does it go? Where does it stop?

For if the core of the argument is that a person is not fully free when he or she has been intensely formed in a religious worldview from a young age, then the question ceases to affect only Opus Dei. It extends, almost naturally, to the Catholic Church as a whole.

Haven't millions of children been educated in the Catholic faith from an early age? Haven't they been taught to pray, to believe, to interpret reality from a certain worldview? Could it then be argued that this education constitutes, in itself, a form of “spiritual abuse” because it greatly conditions future freedom of choice?

If this logic is followed, what happens with parish catechesis, with religious schools, with the transmission of faith in the family environment? Does all religious socialization become a form of coercion? Is there any education - religious or not - that does not profoundly shape the conscience?

The argument becomes even more complex when one considers institutions such as minor seminaries, where adolescents discern a possible priestly vocation. Are these places of free accompaniment or structures that decisively condition the will? What about major seminaries, which are accessed by adults? Can it be said that those who decide to be ordained priests do so without any spiritual or institutional pressure?

Moreover, what about religious orders, where men and women profess vows of poverty, chastity and obedience? Should such obedience be interpreted as a form of submission incompatible with personal freedom, or as a conscious choice within a framework of shared meaning?

The question of spiritual direction - one of the points raised by these critics - also deserves a broader analysis. If guiding a person's conscience in a religious key is potentially problematic, where does one draw the line between accompaniment and manipulation? Does the same criterion apply to other forms of intense influence, such as the libertine and irresponsible sex education taught in many schools?

Of course, there are documented cases of abuses, malpractices and negative experiences within ecclesial institutions. But is it legitimate to extrapolate these particular cases into a total structural judgment? Can an institution be defined solely by its failures, without taking into account the diversity of experiences - including the positive ones - of those who have passed through it? To what extent is censure appropriate if many bad practices have already been corrected?

And, above all, what happens when an interpretative framework does not admit nuances? If all influence is suspect, if all intense formation is potentially abusive, if all demanding dedication is seen as the result of coercion, then the conclusion seems inevitable: not only Opus Dei would be called into question, but a good part of religious life as it has existed for centuries.

Is such a conclusion really acceptable, or should we rather refine the analysis and distinguish between legitimate influence and real abuse, between training and manipulation, between conditioned freedom - like all human freedom - and nullified freedom?

Because, ultimately, the question is not just about a particular institution. It is about how we understand freedom, education, and the human capacity to engage deeply with a way of life.

And if we take the argument to its ultimate consequences, the concern grows: will there be anything left standing?

The authorJavier García Herrería

Editor of Omnes. Previously, he has been a contributor to various media and a high school philosophy teacher for 18 years.

Evangelization

Eduardo Fuentes: “Clinging to Him with confidence turns deserts into oases.”

The life of Eduardo Fuentes Alonso (Jaén, 1969), took a radical turn after a horseback riding accident that left him quadriplegic in 2014. From prolonged suffering (spasticity, neuropathic pain), he went on to be able to breathe, and to encounter the Lord through Jesus the Eucharist. “With Him, the desert becomes an oasis.”, he tells Omnes.

Francisco Otamendi-March 20, 2026-Reading time: 5 minutes

Following a fall on horseback in 2014, “a provident Friday of Sorrows”.”, Eduardo Fuentes Alonso, a lawyer from Jaén, Spain, married to Guadalupe, “.“an angel”and with “two wonderful children, Eduardo and Ángela”He became a quadriplegic after twenty years as a lawyer in the private and public administration sectors.

After a year, his main and chronic problems remained “Reduced Mobility due to Spasticity - that straitjacket that sews itself to your skin, torments you and defies your limits - and neuropathic pain.”. And as “divine grace”to have as a new friend the “little company of my light blue and silver cane".

   Then, after thousands of hours of suffering and pain, “He looked for me”to the point of being able to say that “breathing without Him was just loneliness, but breathing with Him became prayer". "When God went from my head to my heart, it was at Emmaus.”he assures.

Eduardo, you state that your life trajectory is divided into a “before” and an “after”, after the 2014 accident.

-Indeed, after eight and a half years of struggle, a providential book (Take a Breath, by Mario Alonso Puig), introduced me to the practice of breathing, eradicating suffering, but not pain. The book was sent to me, without telling me, by my friend Agustín.

The book on breathing took away my suffering, but what gave me back the desire for everything was the Lord. I kept remembering what St. Teresa said about prayer, “I was so happy.“It is a plan that the Lord has been tracing for me, it is not mine. He told me: wait, first I am going to clean you up.".

How did you make that leap to Him? I don't know if you were a practicing Catholic before.....

-I have always believed, I have always practiced faith in an “inherited” way. But for me the important leap, when God passed from my head to my heart, was at Emmaus. First of all, when I walked the road, I was moved when I saw that beautiful picture of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, with the wounds on his hands, and then serving.

In Emmaus you walk only once, but you serve - you help - as many times as you want. I have served many times already, and also being a servant I began to have much more presence of what Jesus Eucharist is, with a living God. The Lord used Emmaus to meet me and that is where my friendship with Him began. I can explain myself better with a biblical phrase: “....“before I knew you only by hearsay, but now my eyes have seen you” (Job 42:5).

A book has just been published Emmaus Retreats. You have made the V Emmaus retreat for men in Cordoba, in the parish of Bethlehem. Tell me a sentence about this retreat.

-Only one thing: trust, open and rest your heart in stillness and silence and sit, in patient abandonment, to “listen” to Him, before Him.

In the book Elica, your friend Elías Cabrera points out that “.“there are people who come into your life all of a sudden and order everything”.”. And he adds that you are an example of effort because you have not allowed pain to make you bitter.

Look, if I look back, the effort has always been there, but in different ways. At the beginning it was that voluntary effort, full of illusion, like when I would take on challenges in nature, hiking in Cazorla or Segura, or in sports like basketball or horseback riding. Then came the necessary effort, as in my profession as a lawyer. And now, the vital-transcendent, after the accident that left me quadriplegic.

For me, effort is not giving up, not being toxic to oneself or to others. It has led me to be who I am, simply, a happy person who seeks to make others happy. Blessed be the effort that brought me my current “being”.

Who taught you to make an effort and what references have you had?

-At the beginning, the illusion was my teacher, without great figures as a reference. My family is and was key in my rehabilitation. Guadalupe as an angel, my children as a reason not to give up.

Today I lean on Blessed Lolo -Manuel Garrido Lozano- from Linares (Jaén), who lived in great pain and physically limited, but with overflowing joy; my -already in heaven- friend Rafa Benavides, whose suffering spread love and legacy; and Dr. Mario Alonso Puig, whose “spark” in his book helped me to eradicate, not the pain, but the suffering, in a little more than three months.

Let us return to the experience of God.

With Him pain and suffering took on meaning and purpose in my life. His “grace”led me to become a “soul of prayer".", For, already trusting in Him, He put on my path some beautiful words: “....“Prayer made in faith saves the sick”. And since then, my perseverance and fidelity to prayer is another firm resolution that I fulfill daily. Prayer -“The language of God's love”- was my root of salvation and sustains me.

Today I know that I don't have to worry about anything, just accept His “invitation” and give Him an unconditional and unreserved yes every day, and He takes care of everything. I simply abandon myself to Him and say to Him: “Jesus, You pilot!”

How far does the certainty of your faith go?

I have the guarantee - experienced certainty - that where my strength ends, He puts His own. I know that the gift he gives me - the instantaneous joy of living under the Holy Spirit - is undeserved and, for this reason, I am infinitely grateful to him.

I have understood that we must not be afraid of the cross.... The cross heals! -It always gives more than it takes away..., and it is the world that takes us up to the Cross and Jesus who takes us down! If I abandon prayer, He is not lost, I am lost. Clinging to Him with abandonment and infinite trust turns any desert into a continuous and precious Oasis. He is my daily guide.

How do you feel as you reflect on your life?

I feel amazement and gratitude for this life, “undeserved gift”. Gratitude to my friend Elias for including me in his book (Elica), but above all to Him, for pulling our strings - He pulls our strings better than anyone else, makes us brave and takes away our fears, which are never born of the Lord - for choosing me - an undeserved gift - for His Team. 

I would like that someday there would be in any hospital in Spain an area of “Respiroterapia” - I like to call it that way - where they worry, even before prescribing any medical treatment, including pain relief, to suppress the “suffering” of the patient, to simply “take care of his soul”. My next dream: to go up to Medjugorje with my family, training, despite the limitations that will make me need my neighbor, for love of Mary.

Two words on the prayer of abandonment, by St. Charles de Foucauld.

-A person very dear to me showed it to me, and I have been praying it every day for almost three years now. It is the following: “My Father, I abandon myself to you, do with me whatever you want, whatever you do with me I thank you, I am ready for everything, I accept everything, as long as your will is done in me and in all your creatures, I desire nothing more my God, I put my life in your hands, I give it to you, my God, with all the love of my heart because I love you, and because for me to love you is to give myself, to give myself into your hands without measure, with infinite trust, because you are my father!”.

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

The Vatican

Pope convenes summit to proclaim the Gospel to families

The Pope has called the presidents of the bishops“ conferences to a summit in October in Rome on marriage and the family. On the tenth anniversary of Pope Francis” Exhortation Amoris Laetitia, Leo XIV wishes to emphasize “the mission of proclaiming the Gospel of the family to the younger generation,” and "to learn to evoke the beauty of the vocation to marriage.".

Francisco Otamendi-March 19, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

The Pope's convocation in October 2026 to the bishops“ conferences aims to proceed, ”in a climate of mutual listening, to a synodal discernment on the steps to be taken to proclaim the Gospel to today's families, in the light of Amoris laetitia (AL) and taking into account what is being done in the local Churches.".

In its Message, Ten years after Amoris laetitia, the Pope is aware of “the anthropological-cultural changes” (AL 32), which have become more pronounced over the past thirty-five years”, and which “continue to affect families”, and that Pope Francis “wanted to commit the Church even more to the path of synodal discernment”. 

“The family is the foundation of society, a gift from God.”

And he specifies that it is not possible “to speak about the family without questioning families, listening to their joys and hopes, their sorrows and anxieties”. Consequently, the Successor of Peter wishes to continue to deepen the teachings of Amoris laetitia, and emphasizes that “the two Apostolic Exhortations Familiaris consortio - published by St. John Paul II in 1981 - and Amoris laetitia have stimulated the Church's doctrinal and pastoral commitment to the service of young people, spouses and families”.

In addition, the Pope briefly recalls the teachings of the Second Vatican Council - the family is ‘....‘the foundation of society’, a gift of God and ‘a school of the richest humanism’ - and emphasizes that “through the sacrament of marriage, Christian spouses constitute a kind of ‘domestic Church’, whose role is essential for the education and transmission of the faith”.

At Tor Vergata

The Pontiff also recalled the Jubilee of Youth last summer. There, “I had the opportunity to say to the young people gathered at Tor Vergata during the Jubilee of Hope, ‘I am very happy to have the opportunity to say to the young people gathered at Tor Vergata during the Jubilee of Hope, '....‘fragility [...], it is part of the wonder that we are’. We were not made ‘for a life where everything is firm and secure, but for an existence that is constantly regenerating itself in gift, in love’”.

Pope Leo XIV greets a baby and his family at the conclusion of his weekly general audience in the Vatican's Paul VI Hall, Aug. 27, 2025. (Photo by CNS/Vatican Media).

“Evoking the beauty of the vocation to marriage.”

The Pope recalls, as mentioned at the beginning, that “to fulfill the mission of proclaiming the Gospel of the family to the younger generations, we must learn to evoke the beauty of the vocation to marriage precisely in the recognition of its fragility, in order to awaken «trust in grace (AL 36) and the Christian desire for holiness”. 

We must also support families, Leo XIV points out, “particularly those who suffer so many forms of poverty and violence present in contemporary society”.

In his Message, dated the Solemnity of St. Joseph today, the Pope gives “thanks to the Lord for the families who, despite difficulties and challenges, live «the spirituality of family love [...] made up of thousands of real and concrete gestures» (n. 315). 

He expresses his “gratitude to pastors, pastoral workers, associations of the faithful and ecclesial movements involved in family pastoral care”.

The Church's commitment to those whom the Lord calls to marriage and the family

And he forcefully states that “our era is marked by rapid transformations that, even more so today than ten years ago, require a special pastoral care to families, to whom the Lord entrusts the task of participating in the Church's mission of proclaiming and bearing witness to the Gospel”. 

In fact, he adds, the Pontiff, "there are places and circumstances in which the Church ‘can only become salt of the earth’ through the lay faithful and, in particular, through families. 

Therefore, the Church's commitment in this area must be renewed and deepened, so that those whom the Lord calls to marriage and the family may live their married love in Christ and young people may be attracted to the intensity of the married vocation in the Church.”.

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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The World

Archbishop Kaigama of Abuja: “In Nigeria we suffer but we smile”.”

The Archbishop of Abuja (Nigeria), Monsignor Ignatius Ayau Kaigama, was the protagonist of the Omnes Forum on March 18, during which he shared with those present the reality of persecuted Christians in Nigeria.

Paloma López Campos-March 19, 2026-Reading time: 4 minutes

The Archbishop of Abuja (Nigeria), Archbishop Ignatius Ayau Kaigama, was the protagonist of the Omnes Forum held on March 18 at CEU San Pablo. During the session, many people came to listen to the testimony of persecuted Christians in Nigeria, in this event organized together with Aid to the Church in Need and several promoters: the CARF Foundation, Banco Sabadell and the Catholic Association of Propagandists.

The journalist Raquel Martin moderated the dialogue with the Archbishop, who began by expressing his gratitude for the affection for Nigeria that he had felt during his visit to Spain, as well as for the work carried out by Aid to the Church in Need. That same affection, he explained, he felt in his recent audience with Pope Leo XIV, “who listened attentively to all the problems and fears expressed by the Nigerian bishops” “The Pope assured us of his prayers”, he continued, “and encouraged us to continue in the struggle”.

Table of speakers during the Omnes Forum.

Persecuted Christians

Monsignor Kaigama mentioned from the outset the harsh persecution to which Christians are subjected in the country. “Just before I left, one of the priests in my diocese had to flee his home after an attack. Many parishes are left empty because the priests are threatened and cannot stay there, but at the same time at the doors of their houses there are bullet holes.”.

«The goal of the attackers is to weaken the Christian faith.».

The stories told by the archbishop were even personal, as he narrated that his nephew was kidnapped along with another fellow seminarian and were held for two weeks in the hands of the kidnappers, “handcuffed and chained in a bathroom”.

“People,” he continued, “are attacked and killed, for the sole reason that they are Christians. The aim of the attackers is to weaken the Christian faith”. Summing up the situation, Bishop Kaigama said: “Nigeria is suffering, Nigerians are suffering”.

Attendees at the Omnes Forum.

The Catholic Church, as persecuted as the other Christian denominations, suffers a lot in this situation. “People come to us when they are in trouble, because of the negligence of the government people feel abandoned and when they need help they come to the Church,” the archbishop explained. For this reason, “I no longer feel I am just a pastor, praying and blessing, but also a humanitarian worker”.

That is why the work done by institutions such as Aid to the Church in Need is so important and the speaker sincerely thanked them for their work and dedication. “With your faith and our faith, with your help and our determination, we will win,” said the priest.

Faith and prayer

“Faith and prayer are very powerful instruments,” Monsignor Kaigama assured. “We Nigerians are known to be a people of great faith and I believe that the reason Nigeria has not disintegrated is precisely because of this faith,” he said.

In this sense, the bishop recalled the European missionaries who throughout history went to Nigeria to evangelize. “You have taught us to pray, to forgive, to love,” he said. Something key, since the difficult conditions of the country lead many Christians to have, as the only resource for forgiveness, faith in God. “Humanly it is not possible, but with faith everything is possible,” he explained.

“I no longer feel like just a pastor, praying and blessing, but also like a humanitarian worker.”.

“In Nigeria we suffer but we smile,» said the Archbishop. Something that is only achieved through authentic forgiveness that is realized supported by faith. “I pray that forgiveness in the world will increase and that God will grant us all the gift of forgiveness,” he continued.

Need for action

But there is not only prayer in Christian communities. The speaker affirmed that Christians pray, but they also act and constantly ask the government to intervene. “We believe that God can touch the hearts of these people to move them to do the right thing,” he said.

He also sent a message to politicians around the world, saying that “we hope that other countries will also come, act and do something useful to end the root of this evil”. In this regard, he highlighted the crucial role of the media in showing what is happening and making a real impact.

The intercession of the Virgin Mary

In conclusion, Archbishop Kaigama highlighted the love that Nigerians feel for the Virgin Mary, to whom they always turn for help. “I always encourage the faithful to carry a Rosary with them, in their pocket, in their purse or wherever. Personally, so as never to forget to pray to Our Lady, I carry a Rosary in each pocket every day,” he said.

“The Virgin Mary is a pillar for us,” the speaker explained, “and we trust that she presents all our needs to the Blessed Trinity and that, by God's grace, we will overcome difficulties.”.

Joint prayer and blessing

At the end of the dialogue, José María Gallardo, president of Aid to the Church in Need in Spain, presented the campaign “....“Sana Nigeria: let persecution not have the last word”. Monsignor Kaigama then led a moment of prayer with those present and imparted his blessing.

Spain

Line 105 Xtantos in income 2026: the work of the Church in each diocese

The “Bus Line 105 Xtantos” (the number of the Church's box on the income tax return), which last year toured the various dioceses of Spain, returns this year with a "Next stop" in each diocese. The participants will travel to the heart of the ecclesial activity in the closest environment.

Francisco Otamendi-March 19, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

The Church wishes to further demonstrate the beneficial impact on the lives of the people with whom we share neighborhoods and streets by marking the 'X' on the income tax return, this year's income 2026.

For this purpose, the `Bus line 105 Xtantos', which last year toured the various dioceses of Spain, returns this year with a “Next stop” to continue showing that the gratuitousness of a small gesture such as marking the 'X' in favor of the Church, its social and spiritual work, has a great impact on lives. A decision that, as is well known, does not involve any economic cost and benefits society as a whole.

The initiative, whose name refers to the number of the Church's box on the income tax return (105), continues to open the doors so that any citizen can check the real destination and impact of their tax allowance.

Live it in person: how to participate, registration until April 15

This year, therefore, the bishops point out that “the next stop is in each of the dioceses. In this way, the participants of the `Line 105 XtantosThey will learn firsthand about the impact of checking this box on their tax return.

To experience it firsthand, they explained at a note, You only need to access, from the web site Línea105Xtantos.es, The registration form for each diocese is open until April 15. 

Afterwards, each diocese will contact the participants directly, a maximum of 15 people per route, to inform them of the day, time and meeting point for the visit, which will take place between April and June. Each diocese will design the format, by bus or on foot, and the days of the route according to its possibilities, although all will have in common to show how parishes and Christian communities live at the service of others.

Malaga, first stop of the new campaign

Raúl, Raquel, Juan, Myriam, Damián, Paola, Ana or Antonio have lived it in the previous experience that has been carried out in Malaga, explains the note. This year they are the faces and voices of this campaign. The testimonies of their experiences can also be seen on the website linea105ctantos.es

But to be able to tell the story, they have first lived it and have visited for 4 days various projects that transform the daily life of their city. 

In many cases, these activities do not receive subsidies and their survival depends directly on the generosity of those who decide, freely and at no cost, to check box 105.

Four stops, four projects

The first stop of this ‘Line 105 Xtantos’ in Malaga was the center for the elderly of the parish of Santa Maria de la Amargura, a refuge against the 'epidemic' of loneliness that affects so many elderly people in the neighborhood. 

The second is the Hogar San Carlos women's shelter, a family home where four Filipino nuns provide housing, food and training to four young mothers with small children.

The third stop was St. Paul Parish in the Trinidad neighborhood. Behind its doors, they were able to learn all that is involved in the proclamation, celebration and living of the faith. In addition, they were shown the work of the local confraternities and Caritas to build ‘a place of unconditional welcome’.

The fourth took place at the Cardenal Herrera Oria Diocesan School, where they learned about its Transition to Adult and Working Life program. An example of education understood as an exercise of care, service and social justice.

Change of perspective after ‘Line 105 Xtantos’.’

After the trip on Line 105, the perspective can be summarized as follows: “The impact of the Church's work has to be seen to be believed. There is a before and after ”Line 105 Xtantos'. If we all had the opportunity to ride this Line, we would be more objective with the Church.".

At the same time, passengers discover that "Putting the `X” in the box for the Church or in the `Other social purposes“ does not cost anything and they will not get back less”. and that "they can be part of what they have lived by allocating 0.7% of their taxes to these initiatives, without any economic consequence".

Duration and other campaign data

The campaign takes place from March 23 to June 30 (the deadline set by the Tax Agency to file the income tax return this year is from April 8 to June 30).

The investment is 2,827,000 euros + VAT, which is less than 1% of the amount raised in the previous year's campaign. And the media supports are spots on radio, television and digital formats, as well as in social networks and specialized publications. 

The Xtantos newspaper, printed on sustainable paper, has a circulation of almost one million copies, along with 31,330 posters, which are available in Spanish, Basque, Catalan and Galician. 

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

Spain

Boney M and the Gipsy Kings to perform at the 4th Resurrection Festival

The Resurrection Festival is back. This year 2026 will take place on April 11 in the Plaza de Cibeles and will be attended by Boney M, the Gypsy Kings, Hakuna and other relevant personalities in the world of Christian music.

Editorial Staff Omnes-March 19, 2026-Reading time: < 1 minute

On April 11, the Plaza de Cibeles will host the fourth edition of the Resurrection Concert organized by the Catholic Association of Propagandists (ACdP), “to commemorate the most important event in history: the Resurrection of the Lord”.

Two emblematic groups in the history of international music will add their special touch to an event that, in its third edition, gathered more than 85,000 people and that this year will take place on April 11.

Preparing for the Pope's visit 

Alfonso Bullón de Mendoza, president of the Catholic Association of Propagandists, wanted to emphasize that this year's feast of the Resurrection “will also be a very special feast because it will warm up the motors for the Pope's visit in June".

Pablo Velasco, secretary of the Catholic Association of Propagandists, was in charge of presenting this year's novelties, and of announcing the Music and Faith Award, given by the ACdP, which this year went to the young Madrid-born Ángel Catela. Catela will also perform on stage in Cibeles in this IV concert.

An international concert

The international artist Liz Mitchell, from the group Boney M and the French gypsies of the Gipsy Kings will be the guest and central artists of this musical event. “They are cross-cutting artists, who unite all the generations that attend the concert,” said Velasco, of these two groups.

One more year, the Catholic group Hakuna and the DJ music of El Pulpo will return to the stages of Paseo de Cibeles. An appointment of music and faith that, as Hadria, one of the members of Hakuna, pointed out, “the more we do this kind of things that make us move, all this nourishes the faith”.

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The World

Ocáriz outlines lines of work for Opus Dei's centennial anniversary 

In a message sent to the members of Opus Dei, Ocáriz makes a strong appeal to the personal responsibility of each one to carry out the mission of this Catholic institution.

Maria José Atienza-March 19, 2026-Reading time: 2 minutes

Fernando Ocáriz, prelate of Opus Dei, has directed a comprehensive message to the members of the Prelature.

Dated on the Solemnity of St. Joseph, monsignor Ocáriz wanted to address a few words to his “sons and daughters” in a message framed in the next centenary of the institution, which will take place on October 2, 2028.

 Opus Dei “in your hands”.”

In this letter, monsignor Ocáriz makes a strong appeal to the personal responsibility of each of the members of the Work to carry out the mission of this Catholic institution: “the Work is in our hands”.

At the same time, he recalled and thanked the participants for their participation in the preparatory listening work for this anniversary: “Young and old, members of the Work, cooperators, friends and many people who were part of the Work at some point in their lives, you have stopped to consider how to incarnate today, with dynamic fidelity, the spirit that St. Josemaría received from God to serve the Church.

From the results of this participation, the prelate highlights three themes that he emphasizes in this message as the keys to living the vocation to the Work today: family, the work and training.

Bylaws still undated

Nor does Ocáriz avoid in this message the reality of the Statutes of Opus Dei whose process of revision and adaptation to the new apostolic constitution “Praedicate Evangelium” began “almost four years ago, and is still under study at the Holy See“.

The approval and publication of these bylaws, therefore, does not seem particularly imminent.

More vocations to family life, less to celibacy

The Prelate's words reveal a reality that is repeated in many ecclesial institutions: the growth of “people who seek him and who participate in the means of formation, the conversions that the Lord brings about through friendly relationships and new apostolic initiatives” and, at the same time, “the difficulties for young people to perceive the beauty of the call to apostolic celibacy”.

For this reason, Fernando Ocáriz points out that “with the passage of time, we will have to face the difficulty of the replacement of our elders, lay people and priests. This will make it necessary to look for new ways of continuing to fulfill our mission in each region. This situation will require - as has been unanimously pointed out in the Regional Assemblies - a priority focus on the apostolic work with young people and a genuine protagonism of the supernumeraries: to continue improving their formation so that we are all in the front line in this apostolate”.

Divine sonship, Eucharist and work

The prelate also wanted to look at the example of “the first Christians: men and women of every condition and origin who gave witness to their faith in Jesus Christ to the point of transforming society,” an analogy often used by the founder of Opus Dei.

Against this background, he points to the need to reflect on “central aspects of the spirit of Opus Dei: divine filiation, the Mass as the center and root of our existence, the value of ordinary life and the beauty of discovering that «something divine» hidden in the most common realities of work, family and civic life”.

Finally, Ocáriz called to consider “these three central teachings of St. Josemaría, with the desire to better serve the people around us, the Church and the whole of society” and to join in the Pope's intention for peace in the world in a special way.

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The World

Scotland rejects euthanasia, affirms human dignity

Catholic bishops have welcomed the Scottish Parliament's decision on March 17 to reject the Assisted Dying for Terminally Ill Adults Bill. A bill that would have allowed these patients to receive professional assistance to end their lives.

OSV / Omnes-March 19, 2026-Reading time: 4 minutes

- OSV News

Members of the Scottish Parliament, known as Holyrood, “can rest assured that they have taken the right and responsible action,” the president of the country's bishops' conference said in a press release March 17.

‘Protecting the most vulnerable people’

“Their vote serves to protect some of Scotland's most vulnerable people from the risk of being pressed into premature death,” said Bishop John Keenan of Glasgow, who chairs the bishops' conference.

“Every human life has intrinsic value. True compassion is not expressed by ending a life, but by accompanying those who suffer and ensuring that they receive the medical, emotional and spiritual support that recognizes their dignity. No life is worthless,” the statement said.

The bill was introduced in March 2024 by Scottish MP Liam McArthur. Under the bill, eligibility requirements included being 18 years of age or older, suffering from a terminal illness, and possessing sufficient capacity to make and understand the decision. The bill was recently amended to raise the minimum age from 16 to 18. 

This bill would have been the first in the United Kingdom - of which Scotland is a part, along with England, Wales and Northern Ireland - to allow euthanasia for terminally ill adults. 

Freedom to vote

As reported by the Associated Press, Holyrood MPs “had been given a free vote on the euthanasia bill, which meant they could decide according to their conscience, rather than following party guidelines.”. 

“As a society, our responsibility is not to address suffering by eliminating the sufferer, but to surround each person with care, respect and dignity until their natural end,” the Scottish bishop wrote. He added that the March 17 decision “moves Scotland even further in that direction.”.

Strengthening palliative care is next priority

That, too, requires concrete measures, stresses the communiqué, posted on the bishops“ conference website, with an informative mention to The Tablet. »Our next priority must be to strengthen palliative care, ensuring that it is adequately funded and accessible to all who need it," it states.

A file photo shows a health care worker comforting an elderly patient. Volunteers with the Archdiocese of San Antonio's Hospital Ministry carry the presence of Christ in the Eucharist and help minister spiritually to the sick (Foot OSV/Hannah McKay, pool via Reuters).

A decisive and influential victory

Groups opposed to the measure called the 69 to 57 vote a “great victory” watershed moment, possibly influencing future debates across the UK. It was recently reported that the British Parliament could finally rejecting the legislation long-debated British law that would allow assisted suicide.

In its March 17 release, Right to Life stated that David Bol, deputy political editor of The Scotsman, described the final vote on the bill as “potentially the most important decision in the history of the Scottish Parliament,” a sentiment shared by other leading political commentators.

Right to Life stated that the Scottish public had “serious concerns about the legalization of assisted suicide and the negative impact it would have on Scotland's most vulnerable people,” citing recent statistics.

Concern for victims of domestic violence

Women's policy think tank The Other Half found that 7 in 10 Scottish women were concerned that victims of domestic violence might feel pressured to end their lives if euthanasia were legalized.

“After eating disorder activists warned that people with eating disorders would be eligible for assisted suicide under the bill, the think tank released a poll that found only one in five Scots would support legislation allowing anorexia patients to end their lives through assisted suicide,” the organization stated.

Meanwhile, advocacy group Not Dead Yet UK revealed that 69% of Scottish adults agreed that the Scottish Parliament should prioritize improving access to care for people with disabilities before an assisted suicide bill is introduced, according to Right to Life, which added that only 18% of Scots disagreed.

Protesters held a banner outside Parliament as British lawmakers debated the assisted dying bill in London Nov. 29, 2024, which continues to move through parliament. (Photo OSV News/Mina Kim, Reuters),

‘Principle of human dignity’

Expressing his gratitude to members of the Scottish Parliament, Bishop Keenan said he was “especially grateful to those who stood up for the principle of human dignity and advocated for the most vulnerable. Their principled commitment has not gone unnoticed.”.

While the UK Assisted Suicide Bill is expected to fail as a result of the Scottish Parliament's decision, concerns are growing about other life-related issues in UK law.

On March 18, the House of Lords will vote on an amendment to remove a clause in the Crime and Policing Bill decriminalizing abortion. Under this clause, it would no longer be illegal for women to have abortions for any reason, at any time up to or during childbirth.

Proposed amendment to the UK abortion law

“Clause 208, decriminalizing abortion, was inserted into the Crime and Policing Bill after an amendment was passed in the House of Commons last June after just 46 minutes of debate,” stated civil rights advocacy organization Christian Concern in a March 18 press release. In it, it announced a demonstration in London “to rally in opposition to the vote on abortion in the House of Lords.”.

Organized by Christian Concern, the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children, March for Life UK and other pro-life groups, the rally is expected to draw “hundreds” of people to call on members of Parliament to reject abortion up to the moment of birth.

The authorOSV / Omnes

Initiatives

Astier Foundation: the center of women who always smile

In Alcalá de Henares there is a house where live 149 women with intellectual disabilities who every day write their own history. The Astier Foundation, after a small revolution in the way of understanding assistance, has become a pioneering center in many aspects in the way of enhancing the dignity of the person above all things. Its protagonists tell the story.

Guadalupe García Corigliano-March 19, 2026-Reading time: 6 minutes

“Center for Women with Extraordinary Abilities”, is the self-described name of the Astier Foundation on its website, and it is something that is not far from reality. When we arrive at this house, we are invaded by an enormous warmth, which quickly dilutes the cold outside. Greetings that come forward and hugs that do not ask for permission. A new face is a novelty, and questions multiply as we begin to talk. 

Astier is home to 149 women with disability The intellectual and professional staff is made up of around 120 professionals and some 60 volunteers. But, beyond these numbers, there are concrete -and smiling- faces that welcome us. With a strong Mercedarian charisma, this center has 134 years of history and a long life ahead of it.

Isabel approaches with her briefcase of paints and waits for us. Because, for the interview, we have occupied the room where she usually comes to paint at this time and, of course, routines are routines. She shyly greets us and obeys our request to go somewhere else and see us later, just for today. However, she stays in the hallway and, every now and then, takes the opportunity to peek in and ask how much longer.

Wiping away all tears

What we know today as the Fundación Astier Centro San José had its beginnings in 1892 when Doña Sofía Astier y Balboa, a sensitive, committed and kind-hearted woman, contemplating the social inequalities of her time, founded the Asilo San José at 49 Ayala Street, for “handicapped” women who could not fend for themselves.  

Years later, in 1913, the Congregation of the Mercedarian Sisters of Charity, in keeping with the charism of redemptive charity bequeathed by their founder, Blessed Juan Zegrí, took charge of this social work.

In 1972, given the number of residents and the demands of the center, they decided to move to where they are located today, in Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. Nineteen sisters with 192 women carried forward the foundation of the Centro San José.

“The mission proposed by Father Zegrí was to ”cure all wounds, remedy all ills, soothe all sorrows, banish all needs, wipe away all tears, not to leave, if possible, a single abandoned, afflicted, helpless person in the whole world, without religious education and without resources". Loli, a nursing assistant for 25 years and a member of the pastoral team, remembers it.

In those years there was no universal social security and disability was hidden behind curtains. Zegrí was a “visionary” in his time: he understood that the first poverty is the lack of recognition and decided to give these women the dignity they deserved. 

Dignity before welfarism

For decades, the center functioned as a large family: those who had more autonomy helped, together with the sisters, those who needed more support. With the passage of time, and after more than half a century of history, complete professionalization became essential. Astier has experienced the transition from a traditional care model to a person-centered one.

Borja Lucas González, the first lay director of the center, is in charge of its management. Under his direction, three areas form the backbone of the house, guided by a Board of Trustees still made up of Mercedarian nuns. First, the technical part (social, psychosocial and health), development (communication, alliances, innovation and quality) and welfare (personnel, services and maintenance). Order and professionalization at the service of something much deeper: dignity.

“There used to be a different view of care,” Borja explains. “It was essential to prevent diseases, that they were clean and cared for. That is still important. But now we understand that what is essential is what makes each person a person, what their life project is.”. 

It is no longer just a matter of providing care, but of recognizing the existence of each woman and giving them a place in society. It seeks to promote the dignity and advancement of women with intellectual disabilities.

Leading with closeness

Borja came to the foundation in 2008 as a nurse. “I fell in love with this house and the congregation, which has a deep vocation of service to others,” he confesses. Five years ago, he took over the direction of Astier. He tours the wards every day, talks with teams and residents, detects needs on the ground. “It's a beautiful and very vocational job, but it's also hard and intense”.

After having worked in different areas of the hospital, she recognizes that the foundation allows for a broader vision of health, including prevention and community care: “Here you understand what dimensions make each person a person”. 

She speaks of close leadership, mentoring in the culture of change and humanizing the residence: each woman must be the protagonist of her own life project. “I would like Astier's example to inspire the sector to move towards the only possible path: treating people with disabilities as people.”.

In a corporate world where masks abound, Borja vindicates the naturalness of the residents. “They are spontaneous in a world where we all put on masks for everything”. And although he admits that, of course, there are difficulties, he highlights the capacity for affection and sensitivity that the women at Astier have. 

A day at Astier

“No day is the same here,” smiles Loli. Then she lists a series of routines: getting up, taking a shower, getting dressed, having breakfast, attending workshops according to each one's abilities. Daily habits that build autonomy: brushing teeth, grooming, tidying up one's own space.

On Sundays there are Mass in the chapel. Liturgical seasons and activities are celebrated with the Mercedarian community and many families accompany. Faith and the Mercedarian charism sustain the house. “The sisters are the ones who taught us how to do our work,” says Loli. 

But life at Astier is not only inside the center. The residents visit universities, institutes and companies. They give testimonials, explain who they are, break down prejudices. 

They also have an auditorium where there are performances, music, dance, always promoting friendship and good relations: “We seek to create spaces in which the atmosphere is as cordial, pleasant and fun as possible. Here we sing, dance and do everything”, describes Loli.

When a new woman arrives - often because her parents have aged and can no longer care for her - the initial fear usually dissipates quickly. “Experience tells us that they find relationships with equals, a world to discover,” says Borja.

An extension of the family

Loli's work, although it is rather “practical”, often also has to do with “wiping away many tears” as taught by Father Zegrí. She is passionate and dedicated to the task, and does not want her retirement time to come. 

When she speaks, her eyes water: “Today I wouldn't change this job for the world. She recalls that she sent in her resume without knowing anything about disability. Now Astier is not only her job, it is also her refuge: ”Many times I come here with worries... but when I walk through that door, I forget everything“.

She says that the residents detect her mood with surprising finesse: “If I come in with a bad face, they immediately ask me what's wrong with me. Some recognize her footsteps in the corridor and call out her name before they see her. A kind of sixth sense that is part of these ”extraordinary abilities“.

He has learned a lesson that he repeats almost as an examination of conscience: to do good at the right time. He recalls a deceased resident to whom he was unable to grant a small favor on the last day. “You always have to do things at the time because later it may be too late.” At Astier, tears are wiped away, yes, but more joy is received than given.

For Loli, the inmates are part of her family: “I love them like my family, I really do, because of course I know them and they know me,” she says, and emphasizes how they have taught her to value every moment and to be a better person.

Courage and humor

Charo is 72 years old and has lived in Astier since she was 18. She arrived just as the house was moving to Alcalá. She is blind due to a stroke. She used to scrub stairs from end to end; now she knits with an astonishing precision: “Everyone tells me that it looks like I'm doing it by machine”. Her new condition made her develop new manual and memory skills but, above all, a positive attitude towards life.

She remembers how, when she was young, they helped the younger ones: bathing them when there were no showers, dressing them, making beds if there was time: “This house we have managed with my companions who are in heaven and with the sisters. After losing her sight she developed tactile memory and an amazing ability to order colors in her head. ”In my life there are many important things: my cane and my illusion,“ she says.

She is the one who always says ‘yes’ to all activities: she has been a guide on tours of the city, she has been filmed for documentaries and always goes out when there are events. She is the natural ambassador of the house. At Christmas and summer she goes with her brothers and nephews; the family is always there. “For me, Astier is like being at home. I don't miss anything here. There are people who have nowhere to shelter; for me this place is welcoming.”.

When asked about his joy, he laughs and answers: “That's my character. With difficulties you have to have courage and humor. And he offers practical advice for those who lose their sight: ”Don't lose your memory, your sense of touch, your intelligence or your joy.

Extraordinary capabilities

The cultural change in Astier is also noticeable in the environments. With the latest renovation, the ‘Villa Delta’ involved them. “What would you like your home to be like?”, we asked the residents, says Borja. Each was encouraged to personalize her room and take care of it. Not as something decorative, but as an affirmation of identity. 

For years, disability was taboo. Today these women visit companies, universities, parishes. They show themselves without complexes. The Foundation also works on external communication so that families and institutions get to know the model and adapt it. Social integration is a daily practice.

“The most disadvantaged are God's favorites,” Loli reminds us. Here that phrase translates into health care, psychological support and spiritual accompaniment, guided by strong professional leadership. It's about being family. 

The Foundation has received recognition without seeking it. Professionals in the sector have stated, “What I have seen here I don't usually see anywhere else.” The person-centered model is beginning to be replicated. The knowledge generated serves other centers and families seeking guidance.

In times that measure value in productivity, Astier insists on something more radical: every life, with or without disability, has infinite value. And when it is given space to unfold, extraordinary capacities flourish - to a great extent.

The authorGuadalupe García Corigliano

Gospel

Raising the dead. Fifth Sunday of Lent (A)

Vitus Ntube comments on the readings for the Fifth Sunday of Lent (A) corresponding to March 22, 2026.

Vitus Ntube-March 19, 2026-Reading time: 2 minutes

Today our Lenten gallery places us before a tomb, a cemetery. We are in Bethany, the village of Mary, Martha and Lazarus, so close to Jerusalem, a short distance away. It is here, on the threshold between life and death, that the Gospel of the resurrection of Lazarus takes place (Jn 11:1-45).

The humanity of Christ is evident in these verses. We see a God who feels, who weeps, who consoles, who accompanies. We see friendship with Lazarus and with his sisters, Martha and Mary. 

At the center of this dramatic scene is a decisive revelation. Jesus says to Martha, «I am the resurrection and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live.» (Jn 11:11). This same promise echoes in the first reading from the prophet Ezekiel, «I myself will open your graves, and bring you out of them.» (Ezekiel 37:12). God reveals himself as the one who brings life from what seems hopelessly dead, who restores hope where only dry bones remain. We are clearly presented with the theme of the restoration of life, the victory of life over death. We have, so to speak, a foretaste of the paschal mystery in today's readings. 

Before the tomb of Lazarus we find a place destined for the dead, but in the presence of Christ it becomes a place of life. A place of tears is transformed into a place of consolation. Moreover, Jesus shows us that the resurrection he proclaims is a real possibility and not just an idea or a future promise. Conversion, therefore, is not simply a moral improvement; it is a return to life. The essence of conversion is to find ourselves again in Christ.

Jesus once told his apostles that their mission would include: «Heal the sick, raise the dead.» (Mt 10:8). This mission is not reserved only for the apostles; it is entrusted to every Christian. When Christ gave this instruction, he was not referring only to raising dead bodies, but to restoring life to hearts burdened by guilt, pain or vice; to giving life to those who are spiritually dead; to restoring Christ to people's hearts. The parable of the prodigal son illustrates this eloquently. 

During Lent we are called to participate in this work of raising the dead. We are invited to help those around us to rediscover life in Christ and to allow Christ to resurrect what is dead within us. Sin and vice slowly suffocate the heart, but conversion restores life. Perhaps our own hearts, or those close to us, have been buried for four days, four weeks or even four months. Like Lazarus, they may seem sealed behind a stone, but Jesus knows how to remove stones. He is not repelled by the smell of death. He approaches with the heart of a friend who loves, who feels, who weeps, and it is precisely this love that moves the stone. In this time of Lent, we too are called to participate in this power of love: through a smile, a word of forgiveness, the willingness to listen, the patience to accompany someone in pain or difficulty.

We often remember that burying the dead is a work of mercy. Today, the liturgy reminds us of another equally urgent task, to raise the dead, especially the spiritually dead, as we prepare to celebrate Easter.

The World

Bishop of Abuja (Nigeria) calls for real solutions to end violence

The campaign “Heal Nigeria: Don't let persecution have the last word” aims to raise awareness of the essential role of the local Church and to provide urgent support to enable it to continue its work.

Javier García Herrería-March 18, 2026-Reading time: 2 minutes

At a press conference held this morning in Madrid by Aid to the Church in Need, the Archbishop of Abuja, Ignatius Ayau Kaigama, warned of the upsurge in violence against Christians in Nigeria and made an urgent appeal to the international community.

In recent months, the incessant attacks on several Christian communities in the north and center of the country, the massacre of 259 Christians in the village of Yelwata in June, the kidnapping of 265 pupils in a school in Papiri in November or of 172 people in Kaduna, among many other events, have put Christians in the country in an extreme situation. More than 200 priests have been abducted over the last decade as a result of the wave of violence ravaging the country. 

The campaign “Sana Nigeria: let persecution not have the last word.” the essential role of the local Church and to provide support to the local church. The Catholic Church is working urgently so that it can continue to work for peace and stability and «restore hope to this country devastated by pain,» said José María Gallardo, director of ACN Spain. Faced with this dramatic situation, the Catholic Church works tirelessly to bring hope to its people exhausted by suffering. One of the main challenges is to prevent and heal the trauma caused by the attacks, kidnappings and assassinations. 

International intervention

During his speech, the prelate valued the recent position of the United States government on the situation in his country, although he qualified its effects: “Today we have Donald Trump, who just recently started talking about this persecution and we say thank you.», although he adds that the reasons for persecuting Christians are not only religious.

Kaigama noted that although organizations such as ACN have been denouncing the situation for years, the involvement of political leaders in other countries has been limited: “Yes it's true that there are organizations like ACN and others who, over the years, have been talking about these problems, but it's not the leaders of nations, it's not the nations themselves that have been part of this.”.

Procuring consequences

However, he denounced that actions following the U.S. government's statements have had negative consequences on the ground: “At Christmas we received a ‘gift’: a bomb that fell on Nigerian soil, which I really couldn't say if it did any good.. That incident coupled with Donald Trump's words have greatly inflamed the passion of the Islamists out there in this territory.”.

The result, he said, has been a significant increase in violence: “The amount of attacks by Boko Haram and other military groups, the amount of killings, the amount of evil, has accelerated, has risen to a different level.”.

Finally, the archbishop launched a direct appeal for international cooperation: “This message goes to all the leaders of Western nations who benefit from Christianity, benefit from Christian culture. Help us fix what is happening.”.

The speech concluded with a clear call for sustained and coordinated support to stop the violence and protect Christian communities in Nigeria.

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The Vatican

Vatican appeals court partially annuls Becciu trial

In a 16-page ruling handed down on March 17, the Vatican Court of Appeal declared that prosecutors in the trial of Cardinal Becciu committed procedural errors that violated the defendants' right to a fair defense.

OSV News Agency-March 18, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

- Courtney Mares / OSV News

The Vatican appeals court declared a partial mistrial in the controversial financial misappropriation case involving Cardinal Angelo Becciu and other defendants, alleging procedural errors on the part of the prosecution in the trial held at the Vatican which, in 2023, had resulted in a prison sentence for the cardinal for various embezzlement offenses.

In a 16-page ruling handed down on March 17, the Court of Appeal, presided over by Archbishop Alejandro Arellano Cedillo, declared that Vatican prosecutors committed procedural errors that violated the defendants' right to a fair defense.

Some parts of the original procedure are void

Without completely annulling the trial, the court ruled that some parts of the original trial were void and should be re-examined, including witness statements and the evaluation of specific evidence. The next hearing is scheduled for June 22.

The court specified that the sentence of “relative nullity” does not completely annul the legal effects of the original sentence of December 2023, in which Cardinal Becciu was sentenced to five and a half years in prison, permanent disqualification from holding public office and a fine of more than $8,000.

Real estate operation in London

The case revolves around the Holy See's investment of some 350 million euros (nearly $404 million) in a luxury real estate project in London between 2014 and 2018. Prosecutors had alleged that several intermediaries and Vatican officials pocketed tens of millions of euros in improper fees and commissions during the acquisition.

The saga of the Vatican's “trial of the century,” which lasted nearly two and a half years and featured 86 sessions, found Cardinal Becciu and eight other defendants guilty on charges including fraud and abuse of power, and the court ordered the Holy See to pay tens of millions of euros in damages. All the defendants pleaded not guilty and appealed.

The prosecutor's office is ordered to make public the complete case file.

Among the most important provisions of the March 17 ruling, the court ordered the Office of the Promoter of Justice - the Vatican equivalent of the public prosecutor's office - headed by Alessandro Diddi, to deposit in the court's secretariat, by April 30, the complete and uncensored file of all the documents of the investigation.

The defense lawyers had alleged that they had only received part of the material, with key documents censored. Among the omitted content, as noted in the sentence, were chat messages about the witness Monsignor Alberto Perlasca, former director of the Administrative Office of the Secretariat of State.

The prosecution had argued that the deletions were necessary to protect parallel investigations, but the appellate court upheld the defense, finding that the omissions constituted a fundamental procedural violation.

The parties will have until June 15 to review all documentation and prepare their respective arguments.

Papal decrees at the center of controversy

The ruling also addressed a separate but related controversy over four papal rescripts - or executive decrees - issued by the late Pope Francis that greatly expanded the investigative powers of the Office of the Promoter of Justice during investigations. Defense lawyers alleged that the rescripts were not issued in a timely manner and were not communicated to the defense until just before the original trial began, depriving the defendants of crucial information during the investigative phase.

The court of appeal considered that one of the rescripts had, in practice, a legislative character, and that the fact that Pope Francis had not made it public had rendered it ineffective.

This finding has important implications for the retrial, as it calls into question a series of actions taken by the Prosecutor's Office under the authority conferred by those papal decrees, including the 2020 arrest of agent Gianluigi Torzi, who was held for ten days in Vatican facilities and interrogated without charge and without judicial supervision.

New Pope, new call for judicial credibility

The ruling came just days after Pope Leo XIV inaugurated the Vatican City judicial year with a speech in which he referred to the importance of “the observance of due process, the impartiality of the judge, the effectiveness of the right of defense and the reasonable length of proceedings” to preserve institutional authority and stability.

“Love and truth are inseparable: only by loving do we know the truth, and love for the truth leads us to discover charity as its fullness,” the Pope affirmed. “This is why justice, when exercised with balance and fidelity to the truth, becomes one of the most solid factors of unity within the community.”.


This news was first published in English in OSV News. You can read the original text HERE.

The authorOSV News Agency

The Vatican

Pope encourages “common mission” of ordained and laity to spread faith

On the eve of the Solemnity of “St. Joseph, Heavenly Patron of the Universal Church” on March 19, the Pope reinforced in today's Audience “the common mission that unites ordained ministers and the lay faithful” to “spread and defend the faith, as true witnesses of Christ.”.

Francisco Otamendi-March 18, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

On the eve of the Solemnity of St. Joseph, to whom the Pope entrusted “the intentions and aspirations of everyone”, Leo XIV told the Arabic-speaking faithful, especially those from the Middle East, that “Christians are called to be instruments of peace, love and reconciliation”. 

Moreover, reflecting on the Dogmatic Constitution «Lumen Gentium», he encouraged “the common mission that unites ordained ministers and the lay faithful” to spread and defend the faith, as true witnesses of Christ”. 

“Every baptized person, an active subject of evangelization.”

In front of about twenty thousand people in St. Peter's Square, the Pontiff underlined in catechesis that “every baptized person is an active subject of evangelization, called to give a coherent witness to Christ according to the prophetic gift that the Lord instills in his whole Church”.

The Council Fathers teach, the Pope said, that the Lord Jesus instituted a kingdom of priests through the new and eternal Covenant, constituting his disciples into a ‘royal priesthood’.

“This common priesthood of the faithful is given to us in Baptism, which enables us to worship God in spirit and in truth and to ‘confess before men the faith which they have received from God through the Church’ (LG, 11). 

Moreover, “through the sacrament of Confirmation, all the baptized «become more closely bound to the Church, are enriched with a special power of the Holy Spirit. And thereby they are more strictly bound to spread and defend the faith, as true witnesses of Christ, by word and deed” (ibid.). 

“We all enter the Church as lay people.”

“This consecration is at the root of the common mission that unites ordained ministers and the lay faithful,” he noted. In this regard, he recalled that Pope Francis observed thus. “To look at the People of God is to remember that we all enter the Church as laity. The first sacrament, the one that forever seals our identity and of which we should always be proud is that of baptism (...)”.

“Through him and with the anointing of the Holy Spirit, (the faithful) “remain consecrated as a spiritual house and holy priesthood” (LG 10), then we all form the Holy Faithful People of God” (Letter to the President of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, March 19, 2016).”.

To English and German speakers: participation in the Eucharist, the Holy Mass

The exercise of the royal priesthood takes place in many ways, all of them aimed at our sanctification, above all by participating in the offering of the Eucharist, the Pope continued.

Perhaps for this reason, in his words to pilgrims in various languages, he referred to the Eucharist, to the Holy Mass. For example, in greeting the English-speaking faithful: “Through the sacrament of baptism, each of us is called to share in the royal priesthood of Christ (1 Pet 2:9) and to worship him in spirit and in truth, especially through our participation in the Eucharist”.

And further on, to the German-speaking people: “Dear German-speaking brothers and sisters, let us live the common priesthood of the baptized through works of penance, charity towards our brothers and sisters and faithful and assiduous participation in Holy Mass”.

Spanish language: witness to Christ, according to the charisms and vocation received.

In his words to the Spanish-speaking faithful and pilgrims, the Successor of Peter emphasized the unity in the mission of the Church, and that “each baptized person bears witness to Christ, according to the charisms and vocation he or she has received”.

“Let us give thanks to God for the gifts and charisms with which he enriches, edifies and beautifies his people, and let us ask him not to cease to accompany them and guide them along paths of peace. May the Lord bless you”, he added.

Consecrated life and ecclesiastical associative forms

Earlier, in his catechesis, the Pope had referred to the Holy Spirit, who dispenses his gifts among the faithful. And he gave two examples of this action:

“The charismatic vitality” of the consecrated life, which continually springs forth and flourishes by the work of grace. And “even ecclesial associative forms are a shining example of the variety and fruitfulness of the spiritual fruits for the edification of the People of God”.

Poles: “the imagination of charity”.”

To Portuguese-speakers, the Pope asked them to “always be consistent witnesses of the Gospel”. 

To the Poles he pointed out that “the season of Lent encourages us to express the meaning of faith also through the ‘imagination of charity’. May the charitable works, promoted in parishes by charitable associations and Caritas Poland, be an opportunity to practice almsgiving and the spiritual and corporal works of mercy. I bless you all!”.

In concluding, the Pope asked that we “awaken in ourselves the awareness and gratitude of having received the gift of being part of God's people; and also the responsibility that this entails”.

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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Spain

José Manuel Almuzara: «Gaudí used his architecture as a tool for prayer».»

José Manuel Almuzara, Gaudí's biographer, explains the sanctity of the famous architect, whose beatification could be announced at any moment.

Javier García Herrería-March 18, 2026-Reading time: 4 minutes

For more than three decades, José Manuel Almuzara has been one of the key figures in the dissemination of the spiritual figure of Antoni Gaudí. An architect by training, he has been president of the Association for the beatification of the Catalan architect since June 10, 1992. He has just published the book Gaudí, the architect of the soul, where he gathers testimonies and experiences of people who, through Gaudí's work, have experienced a profound inner transformation.

The cause took a decisive step forward when Pope Francis signed, on April 14, 2025, the decree that recognizes the heroic virtues of Gaudi, which makes him “venerable”. Almuzara, which has devoted decades to promoting his devotion and the artistic value of his work, talks about the most specific episodes of his spiritual life and his daily religious practice.

You have been promoting Gaudí's cause of beatification for more than 30 years. How did it all begin?

ーAbout fifty years ago I was studying architecture in Barcelona and met two of Gaudí's direct disciples who were working on the Basilica of the Basilica de la Sagrada Familia. They were about 85 years old and they directed the works. They invited me to their workshop and that's where it all started.

I was first attracted to the architecture, then to the man and finally to the Christian. Over time we saw that Gaudí not only made an impact through his work, but that he moved people inwardly, even to conversion.

So five lay people - two architects, an engineer, a sculptor and a retired man - founded the association in 1992 to promote his beatification. At the beginning, many people told us that it was crazy, but here we are now.

The Church asks for fame of sanctity and universal devotion for a cause. What concrete examples have you seen?

ーA lot of them. We received letters from all over the world. I remember a very special one from an executive of the Pusan Chamber of Commerce in South Korea. He was a practicing Buddhist. The government gave him a week to travel to Barcelona to prepare an exhibition on Gaudi. After that week he wrote a beautiful letter. It said: “Gaudí's architecture makes people discover the divine breath that beats in it”. And he added something even more surprising: that he had returned to Korea with the desire to become a Catholic. And so it was: he ended up being baptized.

Another case was that of an Italian architect, Sandro Rondena. He had a cancer considered incurable. His family went to pray at Gaudi's tomb in the Sagrada Familia. Some time later he was cured and returned to Barcelona with fifty friends to give thanks. The doctors studied the case and considered it extraordinary, although he had to wait five years, eventually the disease reappeared and he died years later. But that episode left a very deep mark.

Gaudi
José Manuel Almuzara, Gaudí's biographer

In your book you talk a lot about Gaudí's spiritual life. What was he like in practice?

ーGaudi had a very intense religious life. He prayed the rosary, went to daily Mass, received communion frequently, read the Gospel, participated in processions. But there are lesser known aspects. For example, at Holy Family he joined the days of atonement to ask God's forgiveness for the blasphemies heard in society. It was not something symbolic: he personally participated in these days of prayer.

He also had great devotion to the Virgin. Yes, it is very interesting. In Park Güell he designed some viaducts with stone spheres. If you count them, there are exactly 150. Why? Because they are the 150 mysteries of the traditional rosary. Gaudí would walk through the park and pray the rosary counting those spheres. In other words, his architecture was also a tool for prayer.

What was a normal day like in Gaudí's spiritual life?

ーWhen I lived in Parc Güell I used to walk down to Mass at the church of San Juan de Gràcia. Then I would have breakfast and go to the crypt of the Sagrada Familia. There he would pray kneeling in front of the tabernacle. And something very curious: he never used a kneeler. He put a handkerchief on the floor and knelt on it to pray. In the afternoon he went to vespers at the Oratory of St. Philip Neri, where he also had spiritual direction with the Oratorian Agustí Mas.

One of the most surprising episodes of his life is an extreme fast. It took place in Lent 1894. Gaudi was deeply impressed by the example of Christ in the desert and decided to imitate him. He wanted to do forty days of fasting and penance. A disciple of his, the draftsman Ricard Opisso, was alarmed that Gaudi's condition was dangerous. It was then that he went to the bishop of Vic, Josep Torras i Bages, to intervene. The bishop had to convince him to moderate his penance.

Benedict XVI said that Gaudí “preached with his architecture”. Do you share that idea?

ーTotally. Gaudi did not preach with words, nor speeches, but with stones, strokes, symbols. All his architecture speaks of God. For example, in the crypt of the Sagrada Familia he placed in the keystone of the vault the “yes” of Mary. And if you draw a vertical line from that point you arrive at the star that crowns the tower of the Virgin. It is like a message: if you have Mary in your heart, you can give light to the world.

What does Leo XIV's upcoming visit to the Sagrada Familia mean to you?

ーIt is going to be a very exciting event. When Saint John Paul II and Benedict XVI visited the Sagrada Familia, neither came down to pray at Gaudí's tomb. But there are indications that the current pontiff, Leo XIV, might do so. To see the Pope praying at the tomb of the venerable Gaudí would be the most impressive and exciting thing for me.

There is still a lot of sculptural work to be done in some chapels of the Sagrada Familia, when do you think it will be finished?

(Almuzara smiles and remembers the answer Gaudí himself always gave). ー “My client is in no hurry”. A phrase that sums up the spirituality of an architect who conceived his work not only as an artistic project, but as an authentic catechesis of stone.


Gaudí, the architect of the soul

Author: José Manuel Almuzara
Editorial: Roca
No. of pages: 224
Year: 2026
Read more
Cinema

Irish actress Jessie Buckley's message of family and life at the Oscars

Oscar-winning Irish actress Jessie Buckley, who won an Oscar for her performance in “Hamnet,” delivered an attention-getting message of love to mothers, her husband, Fred, and life at the Academy Awards. “I love you, man. I love you. You're the most amazing dad,” she told him.

OSV / Omnes-March 18, 2026-Reading time: 4 minutes

- Michael Kelly, Dublin, OSV News

Upon winning the best actress award for her portrayal of Agnes Shakespeare in “Hamnet,” Irish actress Jessie Buckley exclaimed a couple of days ago, “I would like to dedicate this to the beautiful chaos of a mother's heart. We all come from a lineage of women who continue to create against all odds,” she said.

She also told her husband Fred, statuette in hand, “You're my best friend, and I want to have 20,000 more babies with you. Yes, yes, yes!” “I love you, man. I love you. You're the most amazing dad".

While holding the coveted Oscar statuette, Buckley recalled that the ceremony coincided with Mother's Day in his native Ireland. “I would like to dedicate this to the beautiful chaos of a mother's heart. We all come from a lineage of women who continue to create against all odds,” she added.

He dedicated the award to his 8-month-old daughter Isla.

Buckley became a mother for the first time in 2025, and told the audience that included dozens of Hollywood stars, that she wanted to dedicate the award to her daughter “Isla, my 8-month-old little girl, who has no idea what's going on and probably dreams of milk, but this is a big deal. I love you and I love being your mom, and I can't wait to discover life by your side,” Buckley said.

On March 17, as the 80 million people of Irish descent around the world celebrated Ireland's national patron saint, St. Patrick, a Briton who brought Christianity to the island in 432, the Irish convent school that gave the world the Oscar-winning actress Jessie Buckley, is brimming with pride.

Following her dazzling ceremony in Hollywood, Catholic Jessie Buckley is receiving praise on social media for her acceptance speech, which conveys an unwavering pro-life and pro-family message, assuring young women that they can prioritize both their careers and their families.

Convent and school in Thurles, proudly

It was at the Ursuline convent in Thurles, County Tipperary, where Buckley first showcased her acting talent, and the local community said the alumna “has filled us with great pride.”.

In a March 16 Facebook post, Ursuline High School in Thurles said it is “immensely proud to congratulate alumna Jessie Buckley on her Oscar win for Best Actress at the 2026 Academy Awards.”.

“Agnes Shakespeare's tender, insightful and resilient performance in ‘Hamnet,’ which earned her this award, marks an extraordinary high point in what has been an impressive career to date,” the release said.

“Following Jessie's extraordinary career path has filled us with great pride and her work has graced our school community through her remarkable passion, talent and commitment to her craft,” the release continued.

Jessie Buckley, winner of the best actress Oscar for “Hamnet,” poses in the Oscar photo room at the 98th Academy Awards in Los Angeles March 15, 2026. (Photo by OSV News/Mario Anzuoni, Reuters).

“Exceptional talent and dedication.”

“From the school level to the world stage, Jessie's success is testament to her exceptional talent and dedication. She has always been, and now more than ever, an inspiration to all of us at our school.”.

“Jessie's journey,” added the school community, “represents all of the values we hold dear here at Ursuline: excellence, dedication, creativity and humility. This win also exemplifies the potential we believe resides in each of our students.”.

The school proudly recalled a visit Buckley made in 2019 to address the entire school community. 

“She told students that, as girls, they should never be afraid of their own potential and reminded them that they are more powerful than they can imagine,” the release said. “Jessie continues to be a shining example of this and what can be achieved with talent and dedication.”.

The entire Ursuline community celebrates

“We extend our heartfelt congratulations to Jessie, her family and all those who have supported her throughout her professional journey. The entire Ursuline community celebrates this important achievement with her and we feel privileged to have been a part of her journey,” added the school community.

It was at the convent school that Buckley first stepped on stage and honed his acting skills. He played three leading roles in school musicals: Freddy in “Chess,” Adam in “Children of Eden” and Tony in “West Side Story.” His star talent was evident even from those early roles, according to his former teacher.

‘Look at her, she'll win an Oscar one day,’” said her teacher.

Music teacher Joan Butler told a local radio station that she had foreseen this award for Buckley since her days at Ursuline High School.

“I remember the whole room was silent, mouths agape, watching the rehearsal. And I remember turning to some of the students and saying, ‘Look at her, she's going to win an Oscar someday,’” Butler said.

The Ursuline convent first opened its doors in Thurles in 1787, at a time when Irish Catholics were persecuted under cruel penal laws and Catholic education was severely restricted.

‘Hamnet’

The film ‘Hamnet’ recreates the relationship between Agnes and William Shakespeare, and the impact on their lives of the death of their son Hamnet at the age of eleven during a plague epidemic, and how that tragedy inspired the writing of Hamlet.

——————-

Michael Kelly writes for OSV News from Dublin.

——————-

The authorOSV / Omnes

The World

Habermas-Ratzinger: A Fruitful Dialogue

Perhaps the most luminous conclusion of that dialogue was the proposal of a necessary collaboration to avoid the “pathologies” of both reason and religion.

Pablo Blanco Sarto-March 18, 2026-Reading time: 4 minutes

At the beginning of the millennium, the world watched in horror as religious fanaticism brought down the Twin Towers. In 2001, as images of the disaster circled the globe, a disturbing question arose: were we facing a new religious war in the 21st century? Today, with the echo of similar conflicts in places such as Gaza, Iran or Ukraine - not very religious wars - this reflection takes on a new relevance. It was in this climate of perplexity that Jürgen Habermas received the national booksellers' prize at the Paulskirche of Frankfurt. This recognition marked the beginning of an intellectual shift to what is now called the “post-secular society. Habermas observed that in the aftermath of the tragedy, churches, synagogues and mosques filled up, and not necessarily to cry out for revenge.

In this analysis, Habermas found an unexpected interlocutor in Joseph Ratzinger, then Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, who argued that Islamic fundamentalism had more similarities with Marxism than with Islam. This parallel between the neo-Marxist philosopher and the dogmatic theologian laid the groundwork for the historic meeting that was to take place two and a half years later in Munich. That meeting at the Catholic Academy of Bavaria in 2004 between the post-Marxist philosopher and the then Cardinal Ratzinger was not a simple academic talk, but an effort to find the “pre-political moral foundations” that sustain a democratic and pluralistic society.

The meeting of two worlds

The dialogue brought two seemingly opposing figures face to face: the epigone of the Frankfurt School - someone “with a poor musical ear for religion” - and one of the most influential theologians of contemporary Christianity. Both shared a common concern about the fragility of the liberal state. Habermas recognized that the ethical foundations of the modern state have a religious origin, even if today they are expressed in a rational and secularized form. Ratzinger argued that Church and State must maintain their autonomy - “render unto Caesar what is Caesar's” - rejecting any attempt to return to a confessional State.

One of the points of greatest friction was the conception of truth. For Habermas, it is the fruit of dialogue and consensus; for Ratzinger, dialogue is the fruit of a prior truth, to which we can have access through reason. Ratzinger appealed to the need for a right that is above the “law of the strongest”. Recalling the Nazi barbarism that both lived through in their youth, the theologian warned that the simple consensus of the majorities is not enough to establish human rights; a higher instance is required to protect the dignity of all.

The enlightened philosopher and the theologian of reason

Jürgen Habermas represented the culmination of the project of modernity, an enlightened man who dedicated his life to the theory of communicative action and the defense of democracy. His approach was post-metaphysical: for him, truth is a construct that flows from the symmetrical dialogue between free citizens. In his scheme of things, the liberal state must be neutral and legitimized through democratic procedures, without the need for direct religious support, although he recognized that religion contains meaning that society cannot ignore.

Joseph Ratzinger personified the synthesis between Christian faith and philosophical reason. As a participant in the Second Vatican Council and a theologian between two millennia, Ratzinger always defended Christianity as an enlightened religion that, from its very origins, opted for the logos in the face of myth. He did not take refuge in syncretism or mere symbolism, typical of Eastern religions. His thought, deeply influenced by figures such as Augustine, Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas, maintains that human reason is capable of knowing objective truth and that natural law constitutes the necessary refuge against the arbitrariness of power. For Ratzinger, truth is based on the person of Jesus Christ, accessible through a reason open to transcendence. The divine Logos is the foundation of the logos of all things, which in turn may be understood by the logos human (cf. Jn 1.1.3.14).

Reason and religion: curing each other's pathologies

Perhaps the most luminous conclusion of that meeting was the proposal of a necessary collaboration to avoid the “pathologies” of both sides. Reason and religion must be cured of their respective pathologies. Reason as medicine must purify religion, to prevent it from falling into fanaticism or fundamentalism that kill in the name of God. Religion as a limit must prevent reason from falling into fanaticism or fundamentalism that kill in the name of God. hybris and engenders “monsters” like Auschwitz, Hiroshima or Chernobyl. “The dream of reason produces monsters”, I could quote Goya, evoking the historical errors caused by a modern reason, isolated from ethics, art, feelings, religion.

The lesson was clear: in an increasingly fragmented public sphere, it is vital to recover concepts such as conscience, justice and a broad notion of human nature. The agreement reached by Habermas and Ratzinger demonstrates that, even from divergent positions, it is possible to build a common ground where faith and reason help each other to become more humane.

This dialogue was later continued with the famous speech delivered in Regensburg in 2006, in which Ratzinger - already as Benedict XVI - made a commitment to “expanded reason”. As opposed to a purely instrumental or mathematical reason, the Bavarian pope called for an open reason. Habermas replied in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung, qualifying it as the Vorlessung as “anti-modern”. But then he partly retracted this at a subsequent meeting in Rome the following year, returning to the initial position he had set out in Munich years earlier. The game then ended in a draw. Perhaps now they can continue it.

Spain

The Pope's visit to Spain: few confirmed facts and much interest

Less than 100 days before Leo XIV's arrival in Spain, key facts about the papal visit to Madrid, Barcelona and the Canary Islands remain unconfirmed.

Maria José Atienza-March 17, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

Since last February 25, when the Holy See confirmed the visit of Pope Leo XIV to Spain following an invitation from the King and Queen of Spain, the ecclesiastical, political and social «machinery» has been at work to receive, 15 years later, a pontiff on Spanish soil.

As already announced, the cities visited by the pontiff will be Madrid, Barcelona and the Canary Islands. Although there are less than 100 days left for this visit, the official agenda remains unknown.

This morning, Rafael Rubio, in charge of communications for the Pope's visit; Sara de la Torre, Episcopal Delegate for Media of the Archbishopric of Madrid; and Josetxo Vera, Director of the CEE Information Office, have released some information, especially dedicated to the press, of a visit that is being prepared against the clock and of which there are still many points to be worked on.

Data in drips and drabs

So far, very little data has actually been confirmed and those few have been released in dribs and drabs.

Robert Prevost will land in Madrid on June 6 and will be in the capital until the morning of June 9. During this stage, the celebration of Corpus Christi, with an open-air Mass on Sunday, June 7, and the celebration of a Vigil with young people, will be the key events. Although «the request of the Congress and the Senate» has been made, the Pontiff's address to the Spanish parliamentarians on the morning of June 8 has not yet been officially confirmed.

From Madrid, Leo XIV will travel to Barcelona, where he will stay until the morning of the 11th. On the 10th he will inaugurate the new tower of the Basilica of the Sagrada Familia and will more than likely visit Montserrat.

Canary Islands receives a Pope for the first time

The Canary Islands is, without a doubt, the historical milestone of this long papal trip. It is the first time that a pontiff visits the archipelago.

In this visit, Leo XIV takes up one of the «unfinished journeys» of his predecessor. The pontiff will fly back to Rome for about 24 hours, from the afternoon of the 11th to the evening of the 12th.

Pope Francis, in fact, in his concern for the migratory situation, had stated on some occasions that, if he were to travel to Spain, he would do so to the Canary Islands to make this situation visible and show his closeness to the people of the Canary Islands.

The islands will be the last stop of Leo XIV's trip on June 11 and 12 and, according to the information that has come to light, the pontiff will visit the dock of Arguineguín, epicenter of the Atlantic migratory crisis, Santa Cruz de Tenerife and San Cristóbal de La Laguna.

Urgent needs: funding and volunteers

Among the few data offered by the official website of the trip, www.conelpapa.es, which does not have a profile on social networks - shows the two main needs of the organization for this trip: economic funding and the need for volunteers.

Financial support is necessary for a visit, whose budget is estimated at several tens of millions of euros, while the dioceses and the EEC are also looking for volunteers to help coordinate the hundreds of thousands of people expected to attend the various events, especially in Madrid.

On this occasion, the official website of Leo XIV's trip has set up a system for personal donations - which redirects to the Episcopal Conference website «Donoamiiglesia«- as well as for companies and organizations who can collaborate or sponsor this event financially or in kind.

The last papal visit, that of Benedict XVI in 2011 for World Youth Day, was financed, for the most part, thanks to private entities, sponsorships and personal donations, and had an economic impact of more than 100 million euros for the Spanish economy, especially in Madrid, the site of that WYD.

Vocations

Radiography of Spanish seminaries: fewer students entering, but dropouts are decreasing 

In 2026, there are 1066 young men preparing for the priesthood in Spanish seminaries. In general data, although this year there are fewer entries than last year, there are also fewer dropouts.

Editorial Staff Omnes-March 17, 2026-Reading time: 2 minutes

The Spanish Episcopal Conference (CEE) has officially launched the campaign for the Seminar Day 2026, This year it will be celebrated in most dioceses on March 22 (the Sunday closest to the feast of St. Joseph).

This year's motto, «Leave your nets and follow me,» is inspired by the passage from St. Luke (Lk 5:11), and seeks to invite young people to disconnect from digital noise and personal fears in order to respond to the priestly vocation.

At present, there are 1066 young men preparing for the priesthood in Spanish seminaries, as pointed out by Florentino Pérez, director of the secretariat of the Episcopal Subcommission for Seminaries, who described as a “counter-cultural decision” the option of these young men for a life of service to others as priests. In general data, although this year there are fewer entries than last year, there are also fewer dropouts, which stabilizes the data of the Spanish seminaries. 

At this point, Perez wanted to emphasize that the dropouts occur in the early stages of the discernment process, which is good news, because this vocational process is carried out correctly.

Two seminarians from Cuenca, who were part of the team that created these materials, wanted to share their vocational testimony and experience during the presentation. At this point, Jorge, one of these seminarians, wanted to emphasize that “sometimes we focus more on the networks that we leave and we should focus on the Follow me, on what Christ gives us”.

Digital innovation and support

As a great novelty for this 2026, the Episcopal Commission for the Clergy and Seminaries has launched the web platform 4pm.es. The name refers to the time when St. John the Apostle decided to follow Jesus: «It was about four o'clock in the afternoon» (Jn 1:39).

This new portal is not only a repository of materials, but also a tool for discernment that includes: a videopodcast biweekly where seminarians share their real experiences; a song Follow me at composed ad hoc by Luispo and OzoresP as well as a series of materials designed to help young people identify their «life plan» in a society saturated with stimuli.

Radiography of the Seminary: Income rises, especially at the Redemptoris Mater

The presentation of the campaign is accompanied by statistical data collected by the Episcopal Subcommission for Seminaries. After years of steep declines, recent figures show a tendency towards stabilization and even a slight upturn in the total number of candidates.

The 2024-2025 academic year stands out for having once again surpassed the barrier of 1,000 seminarians, breaking a downward trend that had continued since 2017. Of these, a significant number (211) are being formed in the missionary seminaries. Redemptoris Mater, of the Neocatechumenal Way.

According to EEC data: “During this academic year 201 young men have begun their formation in Spanish seminaries, compared to 239 in the previous year. On the other hand, the number of dropouts has been slightly reduced, from 86 last year to 82 this year. As for presbyteral ordinations, in 2025 there were 58, compared to 85 the previous year. It should be remembered that these ordinations are directly linked to the diaconal ordinations of the previous year: 64 in 2025 and 69 in 2024”.

Spain has also experienced a special «influencer» situation this year, with the entry of two young content creators, Pablo Garcia and Alvaro Ferreira, into two seminaries to begin a vocational discernment process.

Is sex a sin? Fabrice Hadjadj answers

Generations succeed one another and the bodies of men and women speak the same language. Young people formulate (loudly) the questions dictated by their bodies. People wear the answers: they have been inscribed in the meanings of their bodies. Fabrice Hadjadj rereads them on this occasion, for the first time, in Spanish.

March 17, 2026-Reading time: 5 minutes

A few weeks ago, on @aladetres_, Fabrice Hadjadj, the French philosopher and writer who recently moved to Madrid to lead the project Incarnatus Est, gave his first interview in Spanish to the young Lluis Gracia. If you listen to it, you will realize that Hadjadj is now ready to be wise in Spanish.

The question of sex

The presentation ends and a question pushes, bluntly, wanting to be the first: «Is sex a sin?». The question about sex opens the interview alone while all the others wait. Questions about love, commitment, intimacy, family and children, transhumanism and digitalization, the meaning of life, death and hope... are asked one after the other, chained to the question about sex (or sin). In a certain way, the theology of sex is at the head of the theology of the body and the theology of the body leads the theology of man.

The mystery of the flesh at the heart of the Christian mystery

Our interviewee, Fabrice Hadjadj, respectful of the religious concerns of the questioner, answers the question about the sinfulness of sex in Christian: «No, our religion is a religion of the flesh».

We tend to think that Christianity is a spirituality. «Yes, but no,“ Hadjadj says, ”because Christianity is the spirituality of the Incarnation (»The Word became flesh") (...) In a world of disincarnation, of spiritualized realities, the flesh is very important: the mystery of the flesh is at the bottom of the Christian mystery. I do not have a body, I am my body.

The image of God in visible bodies

At this point, Hadjadj turns the whole question upside down and contemplates the reality of sex not from the perspective of religion but from that of anthropology. From this perspective, the philosopher plays the role of theologian because his is a theological anthropology, a biblical anthropology that sounds like John Paul II in his Theology of the Body.

Referring to Genesis (Gen 1:27), Hadjadj states: «God created man in his own image and created them, not male and female, he created them male and female (animal determinations). The image of God appears in the sex: he created them male and female».

Man is the only creature that has been created in the image of God. The core of the divine image in man is in his sexuality. Sexuality articulates his filial, «gift», communional and fruitful essence. The dynamic of sexual difference makes possible the truth of love. Genesis points out the sexual difference in man, but not in animals. 

And the body expresses and manifests it. «The body, and only the body, is capable of making visible the invisible: the spiritual and the divine» (these are the words of John Paul II at the General Audience, February 20, 1980). The language of the body makes visible the image of the invisible God: either the bodies do it or there is no image.

Christian view of the body vs. Christian view of the body

Certainly, Fabrice, who is up to his eyeballs in paradise, looking Adam and Eve face to face, contemplating man from the mystery of his creation, universalizes the response to sex. In this way, the vision of the Christian body - of the body of every baptized person - reaches the body of every man and every woman - Christian or not - and becomes the Christian vision of the body, of every body. The Christian vision of the body and of sex is the human vision of the body and of sex.

We need only bring to mind «the face we have in orgasm, in the sexual embrace,» Fabrice illustrates. This is not an official face; it might even seem to us a humiliating face because it is the face of a body given to another body, of a person given to another person. Sex is an exposure, it is a vulnerability, it is a place of fragility, not of power: it is a vulnerability of the man who is going to expose himself in an intimate environment, who can lose his potency; and it is also a vulnerability of the woman who can get pregnant from that relationship", or can be used. Our faces speak to us of a universal meaning of sex and the body.

Sex is a place of intimacy, surrender and search of the heart.

In this manifestive framework, our bodies do not hide their strengths: «sex is a place of pleasure,» says Fabrice. And only for men and women (for every man and every woman, not for animals), in the depths of their sexes, sex is a place of intimacy, of vulnerability, of self-giving, of donation, of giving life: «sex is a reality of intimacy, of giving your heart, of searching for the other heart,» notes Hadjadj.

And in another moment he reminds us: «Sex is a relationship and it is a carnal relationship». If there is no relationship - if there is no edge that gives form to the surrender of oneself and the search for the other, to intimacy - the sexual relationship is not a relationship, it is only sex, it is only pleasure.

Sex speaks and says to me, «Go ahead, give life!»

And he continues: «Your sex speaks. Your sex says: “I am here to meet a woman who will always be incomprehensible -first mystery-, and I am here to give birth to a new generation -second mystery-” (...) And one does not want to give life, but my sex tells me: “You have to do it”. My sex goes ahead of my reason and tells me: “Go ahead, give life!” (...) Because the meaning of life - our philosopher will say in another moment of the interview - is not a question of duration (of prolonging life); the meaning of life is a question of donation, of giving life and of giving birth (and cross) to a new life». 

Rephrasing the sex question

In the face of this integral vision of sex, the question of the sin of sex is revealed as a reductionist question; as a question that starts from a fragmented sex, from a conception of sex that keeps pleasure and throws away everything else.

In this case, the question about sex could be: is sex for pleasure a sin? A question that needs no answer because it answers itself.

Still, the first formula is repeated from generation to generation. «Is sex a sin?» is an echoing question, with an echo that never ends. Truly, generations succeed one another and the bodies of men and women continue to speak the same language. Young people ask (loudly) the questions dictated to them by their bodies.

The meanings of the body and the language of the body

And people are wearing the answers, they just have to look at their bodies: the answers have been inscribed in the meanings of their bodies.

The meanings of the body tell us that life has been given to us (filial meaning), that we live it to give it away (spousal meaning) and to give life to others (fruitful meaning).

These meanings, docile to a grammar - the carnal grammar of the gift - construct the language of our bodies. The language of the body is a language that is spoken in the bodies and that, through them, speaks to us of God.

Sex makes theology

«Within a deep embrace you have to meditate on what your sex says, and the answer cannot be other than a response of theological hope, a theological response. This is the mystery: my sex does theology,» Hadjadj says in this interview. Our bodies are theological. «The first sign (referring to sexual desire) is a subject of theology (...), it is a sign of hope that gives life to another, that resumes the history of humanity. Under your pants is the ability to resume the whole history of humanity (...) The most metaphysical in the most physical,» says Hadjadj.

Sex in God's plan for human love

However, Fabrice places the question of sex in the perspective of a «proper anthropology», the anthropology of the Theology of the Body. In this perspective: the partner is divine; space is paradise; time is the sixth day of creation; the couple is the first couple, that of the first man and the first woman (and in it, every couple).

In these coordinates, sex is «very good»; it is part of God's plan for human love. To respect it is to ensure that «the train of love» does not derail from «the tracks of marriage and childbirth».

On this path of happiness, married couples breathe the atmosphere of paradise - the same one that two bodies retained, for our inheritance, before having to leave it. And sex is a joy. 

The authorValle Rodriguez Castilla

Licensed in Pharmacy. Expert in affective-sexual education, Gender and Theology of the Body.

Evangelization, between emotion and reason

Movements and meetings that attract young people and adults far from the Church are bearing evident fruits: conversions, reconciliations, vocations, living communities.

March 17, 2026-Reading time: 4 minutes

In times when the role of emotions in the experience of faith occupies the headlines of the general and religious media, there are experiences that remind us that Christianity continues to be transmitted, above all, from person to person. Friday evening was one of them.

For almost four hours, some forty-five people gathered at the house of Javier Huerta and Marta, his wife. The simple and domestic convocation consisted of sharing their testimony of faith, watching a documentary, listening to live Christian music, dialoguing and having dinner together. Nothing spectacular from the outside. However, the experience had a rare intensity: many of those present were not believers or were far from the Church.

An unintended conversion

The evening began with the story of Javier and Marta's conversion. It was not a planned search or the result of a long process. As Javier explained, it all started unexpectedly when they heard the song Hurricane, of Hakuna. At that moment - according to his own testimony - he had the inner certainty that God existed and that He loved him.

That initial intuition triggered something much deeper than a passing emotion. Javier began to read with a voracity that was unusual for him. He immersed himself in classic texts of spirituality, of the great saints of the Church, and in science books: physics, cosmology, biology. What he found along the way surprised him profoundly: the more he learned about the conclusions of contemporary science on the universe and human life, the more reasonable the idea of a thought-out and ordered cosmos seemed to him.

As a result of this process, he decided to invest time and resources in a singular project: the production of a forty-minute documentary that synthesizes scientific arguments - cosmological and biological - that point to the existence of God. The approach is reminiscent of the apologetic current that in recent years has been popularized in Spain by authors such as José Carlos González-Hurtado or some international essays on the relationship between God and science.

From reason to emotion

The evening alternated the viewing of this documentary with some songs, whose lyrics conveyed the closeness and love of God, appealing directly to the heart and the experience of encountering God.

But the meeting was not limited to the emotional. There was also a doctrinal intervention of about fifteen minutes, aimed at giving intellectual content to the faith and the experience of God that was proposed. This was followed by questions from the audience, a snack supper with what the attendees brought with them and, at the end, three songs of praise in a more charismatic style.

The atmosphere was surprisingly welcoming for very different profiles: convinced believers, people far from the Church, Catholics unaccustomed to musical expressions of faith or, on the contrary, enthusiastic about them. Many participants had been to Emmaus and brought their friends to an experience that could open them to an encounter with Christ. The result, in human terms, was pleasant and intellectually stimulating. Spiritually, for many, it was very meaningful.

Javier and Marta organize these meetings approximately every month. In a little more than a year, more than eight hundred people have visited their house. The couple speaks naturally of the fruits they have seen: friends who are rethinking their faith, unexpected conversations, spiritual paths that are beginning to open up.

His motivation is simple: to offer a space where someone who does not believe can at least seriously consider the possibility that God exists.

The question of emotivism

Experiences such as this take on a special resonance in the current context. Two weeks ago, the Spanish bishops published a document in which they warned about the risks of emotivism in religious experience: the possibility that faith could be reduced to intense feelings without sufficient doctrinal or sacramental foundation.

The text provoked a wide debate in the religious press. Some media interpreted that the warning was indirectly addressed to recent movements and experiences such as Hakuna, Emmaus or Effetá, very focused on personal testimony and the experiential dimension of faith.

The Bishops' Conference explicitly denied this interpretation at the press conference to present the document. Subsequently, a message on social networks from its press office - which was later deleted - reignited the debate.

The result has been a certain ambiguity. When one warns against a phenomenon without specifying to which concrete practices it refers, many may feel alluded to..., or be singled out by others.

The experience at Javier Huerta's house helps to nuance the debate. There was emotion, certainly: songs, silence, personal testimonies. But there was also reason: an apologetic documentary based on scientific arguments, a doctrinal explanation, open dialogue.

In other words, it was an experience that appealed to the heart without renouncing intelligence. It did not pretend to be a complete Christian experience, but it could not be done more in less time. It did not include sacraments or charitable experiences, although they were spoken of very positively. 

The merit of opening the door

Beyond any theoretical discussion, there is one aspect that deserves to be emphasized: the gesture of evangelizing hospitality.

An ordinary married couple who periodically open their home to receive dozens of people -many of them far from the faith- is taking on a considerable effort. Preparation, organization, time, energy. All with a single objective: to share what for them has been a decisive discovery.

This type of initiative recalls something essential to Christianity: for centuries, faith was transmitted in homes, at shared tables and in simple conversations.

A pastoral challenge

The debate on emotivism is not trivial. The Church has a responsibility to take care that faith is not reduced to a passing emotional experience. But it also needs to recognize and accompany the places where faith is reawakening.

Movements and meetings that attract young people and adults far from the Church are bearing evident fruits: conversions, reconciliations, vocations, living communities.

As in any ecclesial reality, there will always be aspects that can be improved. But for this improvement to be possible, pastoral orientations must be clear, concrete and delicately expressed. Otherwise, there is a risk of generating unnecessary suspicion or of weakening the confidence of those who, with great generosity, are trying to proclaim the Gospel in contexts where faith seems to have been extinguished.

Between emotion and truth

Perhaps the simplest lesson of that afternoon is this: the Christian faith is not just an idea or just a feeling. It is, at the same time, an experience that touches the heart and a truth that seeks the intelligence.

And sometimes -as it happens in the living room of any house- both things meet in the simplest place of all: a sincere conversation between friends who wonder, together, if God can exist.

The authorJavier García Herrería

Editor of Omnes. Previously, he has been a contributor to various media and a high school philosophy teacher for 18 years.

Evangelization

St. Patrick was not born Irish, but 11 saints who followed him were!

On St. Patrick's Day, March 17, we are all Irish, or so it is said. However, hagiographers know that the “Apostle of Ireland” was born in Roman Britain and first set foot in Ireland as a kidnapped teenage slave. But here are 11 Irish saints who continued the evangelizing work of St. Patrick.

OSV / Omnes-March 17, 2026-Reading time: 6 minutes

After his captivity, St. Patrick escaped and returned to Britain, but his desire to convert the Irish pagans prompted him to study for the priesthood. He was eventually ordained a bishop and returned to Ireland, where he succeeded in spreading Christianity. He is believed to have died on March 17, 461.

While that great evangelizer of Ireland gets a lot of attention, here are 11 Irish-born saints who continued St. Patrick's efforts to spread the Gospel, and who also deserve a toast in his name. Cheers!

1. St. Benen (5th century)

According to legends, this son of an Irish chief from Meath may have attended the first Easter mass of St. Patrick in Ireland around 433.

There are several stories about his first encounter with Patrick: in one, he was so impressed by Patrick's words that he scattered flowers over the future saint as he slept.

In others he asked to travel with Patrick, and it was Patrick who chose the baptismal name Benen, from the Latin «benignus,» meaning kindly. Benen became a close disciple of Patrick and, as one of his successors, was the first to evangelize Clare and Kerry in the west of Ireland. His feast day is celebrated on November 9.

St. Brigid of Kildare, in a stained glass window at St. Brigid's Church in Crosshaven, a town in County Cork, Ireland, on January 20, 2022. (Photo by OSV News/Cillian Kelly).

2. Saint Bridget of Kildare (451-525)

Numerous popular legends, and even her association with a pre-Christian goddess of the Druids, relate to this Irish abbess. However, one fact from her earliest biography, from the 7th century, remains undisputed: she was superior of a double monastery - for nuns and monks - in Kildare, in the years after the death of St. Patrick. Together with St. Patrick and St. Columba, this “Mary of the Gaels” is the patron saint of Ireland. Her feast day is celebrated on February 1 and is a public holiday in Ireland.

3. St. Finnian of Clonard (470-549)

This Irish abbot, known as “the teacher” and “master of saints” in the period after St. Patrick, is said to have originated from Leinster, where he began founding monasteries. He traveled to Wales and studied its traditional monasticism, which emphasized the superiority of monastic over secular life and the importance of learning. 

After returning to Ireland, he founded numerous churches and monasteries, including his great monastery at Clonard, on the banks of the Boyne, which attracted 3,000 disciples, among them St. Ciaran of Clonmacnois, St. Columba of Iona and St. Brendan the Traveler. It is not known if he was also a bishop. He died of the plague, probably contracted while attending to other sick people. His feast day is celebrated on December 12.

4. Saint Ita of Killeedy (475-570)

Originally called Dierdre, she received the name Ita, which means “thirst for holiness”. Her story has much in common with that of St. Bridget. For many years, Ita led a community of devout women in Killeedy, County Limerick. She ran a school for young children who were taught «faith in God with purity of heart; simplicity of life with religiosity; generosity with love.».

St. Brendan the Traveler is said to have been her pupil. The legend of St. Ita emphasizes physical austerity and includes some rather extraordinary miracles. Her feast day is celebrated on January 15.

5. St. Kevin of Glendalough (498-618)

Oral tradition preserved and embellished the story of the founder of one of Ireland's major pilgrimage sites. Born in Leinster and baptized by St. Cronan, Kevin was educated in a monastery near Dublin. After ordination, he lived alone in a cave for seven years, which compromised his health and led him to use a Bronze Age stone tomb as a church. 

After recovering, he gathered some disciples and founded Glendalough Abbey in Wicklow. According to legend, he made a pilgrimage to Rome, visited St. Kieran in Clonmacnoise and lived to be 120 years old. His feast day is celebrated on June 3.

6. St. Samthann of Clombroney (6th century)

Samthann, an Irish abbess known for her wisdom, is believed to have become a nun in Donegal after a nobleman to whom she was betrothed agreed to her wish to marry God alone. She founded Clonbroney Abbey in Longford, where she opted for a simple life.

He refused large estates for the abbey, and his herd was limited to six cows. According to one biography, he advised a monk who asked him about the proper posture for prayer that one could pray in any position: sitting, standing, kneeling, or lying down. His name appears in the litany and canon of the Stowe Missal, and several miracles are attributed to him through his intercession. His feast day is celebrated on December 18.

A mosaic of St. Kieran, founder of the Clonmacnoise monastery in Ireland, can be seen in St. Mary's Cathedral in Kilkenny (OSV News Archives).

7. Saint Kieran of Clonmacnoise (516-549)

From his birthplace in Connaught, Ireland, Kieran traveled at age 15 to study with St. Finnian in Clonard. According to legend, he took a cow with him to obtain milk. He became the most learned monk there and then spent seven years with St. Enda in the Aran Islands, where he was ordained a priest.

He later moved to Isel, but soon left because other monks complained about his generosity to the poor. Around 545, together with eight companions, he founded the monastery of Clonmacnoise, on the banks of the Shannon River, which became a famous religious center for its manuscripts and metal liturgical objects. His feast day is celebrated on September 9.

In the stained glass window of All Saints Episcopal Cathedral in Albany, New York, St. Columba is shown getting out of a boat. The Celtic missionary and his twelve disciples traveled by sea from Ballycastle, Ireland, to pagan Scotland in A.D. 563 (OSV News/Crosiers photo).

8. St. Columba of Iona (521-597)

This abbot, one of the patron saints of Scotland, was born in Ireland. Also educated and ordained in Ireland, he spent fifteen years preaching and founding monasteries, including Derry, Durrow and Kells. However, his clashes with King Diarmaid over a copy of a psalter and the right of asylum led to a clan feud and a battle in which 3,000 men died. 

Choosing exile as penance, Columba left for Scotland with twelve relatives around 561 to found the island monastery of Iona. He evangelized the Picts and converted their king. The monks of Iona undertook missions throughout Europe and their monastic rule was the norm until the Rule of St. Benedict. Columba, also called Colmcille (from Columba and cell), had an enormous influence on Western monasticism. His feast day is celebrated on June 9.

9. Saint Columbanus (543-615)

This great Irish missionary monk entered a monastery in Bangor, where he taught for 30 years. Around 590, he and twelve companions were sent as missionaries to Gaul (France), where Columbanus founded three monasteries in Burgundy and became abbot of Luxeuil.

He preached against the laxity of the clergy and immorality at court, and introduced a strict Celtic penance. After being expelled from Burgundy, Columbanus preached in Switzerland, and upon his expulsion from there founded a monastery in Bobbio, Italy, which became a center of learning. His feast day is celebrated on November 23.

10. St. Colmán of Lindisfarne (605-676)

Of Irish origin, Colman was a monk on Iona before being elected third bishop of Lindisfarne, England, in 661. During his three years there, he defended Irish monastic customs and Celtic rites. In 664, he attended the Synod of Whitby, where the date of Easter, the style of tonsure, the role of local bishops and the relationship between the English churches and Rome were decided. 

Colman defended the Irish tradition, but was defeated by St. Wilfrid, bishop of York, who preferred the Roman rites. Colman resigned his diocese and returned to Ireland, where he founded monasteries in Galway and Mayo, and was abbot of both until his death. The history of Venerable Bede is the main source of information about his life. His feast day is celebrated on February 18.

11. St. Donatus of Fiesole (829-876)

According to tradition, this bishop was one of many Irishmen who toured Europe in the early Middle Ages. He arrived in Fiesole, Italy, from Rome just as the see became vacant and he was elected bishop. It is said that he was a teacher in the service of the Frankish kings. There is a record, from the year 850, of his donation of a church and a hospice, St. Bridget in Piacenza, to the abbey founded by St. Columbanus in Bobbio. It is said that St. Andrew of Fiesole was his Irish traveling companion, but there is no reliable evidence of his existence. The feast of St. Donatus is celebrated on October 22.

The authorOSV / Omnes

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The Vatican

Pope to visit Algeria, Cameroon, Angola and Equatorial Guinea in Africa

In the footsteps of St. Augustine, could be the title of the first trip of Pope Leo XIV to Africa. As of this morning, the itinerary is official. From April 13 to 23, 2026, the Pope will make his first great apostolic journey to Africa, which will include four countries: Algeria, the land of St. Augustine, Cameroon, Angola and Equatorial Guinea.

Francisco Otamendi-March 16, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

Pope Leo XIV will make his first major apostolic journey to the African continent since the beginning of his pontificate from April 13 to 23, 2026. The tour will include four countries: Algeria, Cameroon, Angola and Equatorial Guinea. The itinerary was made public this March 16, 2026 by the Holy See in the Pope's official calendar of activities and in the Vatican media.

The eleven-day trip, which can consult here, The visit will combine liturgical celebrations, meetings with civil and religious authorities and symbolic gestures related to peace, interreligious dialogue and attention to the poorest of the poor. Moreover, it is a significant tour because Africa is one of the regions of the world where the Catholic Church is growing most rapidly.

Visit to Annaba, the ancient Hippo, land of St. Augustine, in Algeria (13-14)

The first stage will take place in Algeria, where the Pope will stay for three days, visiting the cities of Algiers and Annaba.

One of the most significant moments will be the pilgrimage to Annaba, the ancient Hippo, known as the land of St. Augustine, where the Father of the Church St. Augustine of Hippo lived and ministered. There the Pope will hold a commemorative act and a moment of prayer in memory of the saint.

A meeting with the Augustinians is also foreseen, of special relevance due to the fact that the Pope himself belongs to the Order of St. Augustine. The visit will also include meetings with civil authorities and representatives of other religions, in a country with a Muslim majority, underlining interreligious dialogue.

Cameroon (April 15-18)

The second stop will be in Cameroon, where the Pope will stay for three days. During this part of the trip he will visit the cities of Yaoundé, Bamenda and Douala.

Among the main events will be a mass with the faithful, meetings with bishops, priests and religious of the country and meetings with young people and representatives of civil society. The Pope is expected to address issues such as national reconciliation, peace and attention to the poor, issues that are very present in the social reality of the country.

Angola (April 18-21)

The third stage will take place in Angola, where the Pontiff will stay for three days, visiting Luanda, Muxima and Saurimo.

One of the central moments will be the celebration of a large Eucharist in Luanda, as well as meetings with political authorities, bishops and social organizations. The Marian shrine of Muxima, one of the most important pilgrimage sites in the country, will be the scene of an act of prayer for peace and reconciliation.

The Angolan bishops have stressed that the Pope's visit will be an opportunity to reflect on social justice, education and the fight against poverty.

Equatorial Guinea (April 21-23)

The last stop will be Equatorial Guinea, where the Pope will stay for two days. He will visit the cities of Malabo, Mongomo and Bata.

During this final phase, a large Mass will be celebrated with the faithful, in addition to meetings with the country's authorities and with the bishops of the region. The Pope will also have pastoral meetings with priests, religious and catechists, with the aim of strengthening the life of the Church in Central Africa.

Strong pastoral significance

Pope Leo XIV's trip to Africa represents one of the most important pastoral projects of his pontificate so far, following those to Nicaea (Turkey) and Lebanon. Throughout four countries and several cities, the Pontiff will bring a message of peace, dialogue and hope, in addition to highlighting the Christian heritage of the continent, especially in places linked to historical figures such as St. Augustine.

The visit also reflects the growing importance of Africa in the Catholic Church and the Pope's desire to strengthen communion with the Christian communities of the continent.

On December 3, 2025, upon returning from Turkey and Lebanon, the Holy Father said to questions from reporters that he hoped to travel to Africa, including Algeria, where St. Augustine served as a bishop, and where he is still “highly respected as a son of the nation.”.

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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The Vatican

Leo XIV receives the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors

Leo XIV received the members of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors, whom he thanked for their work and encouraged them to continue promoting "the culture of care".

Paloma López Campos-March 16, 2026-Reading time: 2 minutes

Pope Leo XIV received in audience on March 16 to the Plenary Assembly of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. After greeting them all, the Pontiff thanked them for “their service to the Church in protecting children, adolescents and people in situations of vulnerability”.

The Holy Father described the work of the Commission as “a demanding service, sometimes silent and often burdensome, but essential for the life of the Church and for the building of an authentic culture of care.”.

On the other hand, Leo XIV recalled the intention of Pope Francis, who wanted to “remind the whole Church that the prevention of abuse is not an optional task, but a constitutive dimension of the Church's mission”. He also admitted that he was “greatly encouraged by the dialogue you have fostered with the Disciplinary Section of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith.” Thanks to this, he continued, “prevention” and “disciplinary vigilance” are united “in a truly synergistic and effective way.”.

Culture of care

The Pope explained that the prevention is not reduced to a set of norms, but “it is a matter of helping to form, in the whole Church, a culture of care”. Something that, the Holy Father stressed, is not “an obligation imposed from outside, but a natural expression of faith”.

To foster this culture, it is necessary to go through “a process of conversion in which the sufferings of others are heard and move us to act”.

Pope Leo XIV also encouraged the members of the Commission to further incorporate dialogue with the Dicasteries and to encourage support for all local communities and Churches.

Finally, the Pontiff expressed his desire to receive the Annual Report of the Commission. He concluded by pointing out that “the protection of minors and people in vulnerable situations is not an isolated area of ecclesial life, but a dimension that cuts across pastoral care, formation, governance and discipline”.

ColumnistsAlberto Sánchez León

On Habermas: more philosophy and less leaders

Much of the world has created the need for antidepressants, which in the end may be an escape from the truth itself, or an escape from pain, not physical pain, but from the pain caused by not knowing how to live well, but the great drug is truth, beauty and goodness.

March 16, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

Jürgen Habermas passed away recently, on March 14, 2026. Renowned in the social field for his contribution to the theory of communicative action, famous, in the economic field, for his reflections on the “colonization of the world of life”, a tireless fighter to make philosophy more present in the social sphere, his theory of well-being, his great capacity for dialogue, his innumerable works... An intellectual, a philosopher, has passed away at the age of 96.

There is an inordinate eagerness in society, especially in the world of education, to get leaders out from under the rocks. It seems that we all have the vocation to be leaders. I don't know... I hear so much talk about leaders... and then, what do I see? I see many things, but I don't see leaders, neither in politics, nor in social life, nor in the world of culture, ... Perhaps our mouths are full of that word that sounds more and more hollow to me: leadership. I think that those who have to be leaders should be so, but it seems to me that it is not a vocation, a mission that we all have to follow, no matter how many leadership courses we take. I am sorry to say it, but I think so: not all of us can or are called to be leaders. I think it is a minority vocation. Well then, courage! to those who meet the conditions.

We need thinkers, philosophy, to think more and perform less, as the Korean Byung-Chul Han suggests in almost all his works. We need to love our world more, contemplate it, stop and look at it, slow down, decelerate, “waste more time” looking at it, appreciating it, beautifying it and not only yielding productivity and efficiency. We have too many leaders who claim to be leaders, and we lack thinkers, philosophers who rescue the ideal of truth in an era that is said to be post-truth.

A few years ago Lou Marinoff wrote More Plato and less prozac. In my opinion, he hit the nail on the head. Much of the world has created the need for antidepressants, which in the end may be an escape from the truth itself, or an escape from pain, not physical pain, but from the pain caused by not knowing how to live well, but the great drug is truth, beauty and goodness.

Another substitute for truth, goodness and beauty could be (I am not pontificating but suggesting a reflection) gyms, places where one cultivates the body in solitude, listening to music, and in the background isolating oneself from society, from friends, from family. Sometimes yoga also tries to replace the pain of life. And the new unhealthy wave of search for leaders in all corners of the planet, that is, for highly effective people to solve problems is like a hope that does not come, nor will it come. Why? Because problems are the spice of human life. We must not eliminate them, that would be naïve, we must know how to live with them, accept them, learn to manage them, grow with them. 

Philosophy, loving the truth and seeking and living it is irreplaceable. The leader seeks success, the philosopher seeks truth and beauty. But, as Leonardo Polo said, “all success is premature”. 

How success attracts and how lazy it is to search for the truth! Because the truth does not pay, for many. Success... who can refuse any proposal that leads to success? Let us not forget where the word success comes from. It comes from exit. And so it is, it takes us out of reality, it isolates us because it puts us on a supposed pedestal, it elevates us in the triumphal cloud.

Look for a moment at these people who have changed history, some for the better, some for the worse. Socrates, Jesus Christ, Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine, St. Thomas, Descartes, Kant, Nietzsche, Marx, Edith Stein, Heidegger, Ratzinger, ... good old Habermas... And now... search in their writings (although neither Socrates nor Jesus Christ wrote anything, more in my favor) for the word success, and see if you succeed in your search. 

Let's hope we can draw conclusions...

The authorAlberto Sánchez León

Evangelization

Luis Gutiérrez Rojas: “If all your dreams come true... you will be frustrated”.”

In this humorous interview, renowned psychiatrist Luis Gutiérrez Rojas talks about the importance of keeping a “positive chip” in the face of difficulties.

Teresa Aguado Peña-March 16, 2026-Reading time: 7 minutes

Luis Gutiérrez Rojas is a psychiatrist and author of books such as The beauty of living y Live more freely. He also stands out for his optimism and humor: he was a finalist in the Comedy Club and his talent for therapeutic monologues continues to be recognized.

For years she has been giving conferences where she offers guidelines to face life with optimism and resilience, exploring how to find happiness beyond the material. In this interview, he talks about how to transform suffering and daily worries into opportunities to grow.

Do you think that the culture of immediacy makes young people more fragile in the face of suffering? How do effort, discipline and self-control influence anxiety?

Indeed. It has been proven that people who master themselves - the term master comes from domine, which is a term that has a Christian connotation, which is to put the Lord in your life - have a much greater capacity to achieve their goals, to tolerate frustration and to have less anxiety.

The problem is that nowadays the words effort, discipline, self-control are often associated with repression, something costly, difficult, almost impossible to achieve. And perhaps we should turn it around.

We usually say that the will is to be able to postpone the reward. We must teach young people that if they are able to postpone the reward, to do what is difficult for them, to set difficult goals in order to - as they say today - get out of their comfort zone, then they will be more mature, more stable and freer. Maybe the issue is to turn it around: How to motivate young people to master themselves and achieve their goals?

You are known for highlighting the positive side of current concerns. What common worries can be turned into opportunities if viewed with optimism?

Optimism has nothing to do with a simplistic look, nor with a foolish look. Today we are also talking about toxic positivism, that which says that everything is fine, everything is wonderful, life is great and that nothing ever happens. This is too silly and quite empty of content.

Having an optimistic outlook means having the tools to change what we do not like. And if we do not have them, because they are things that do not depend on us (one cannot change the world, nor society, nor governments, nor the defects of our family or the people we love), one has to accept it as part of the way.

Not to strive for unattainable goals, because, I repeat, they do not depend on us, fills you with optimism. Because the most optimistic person is the one who fights against himself, is the one who plays the game knowing what things are in his hand. That is pure optimism.

And to give some examples of common concerns, (a bit of a joke) sometimes we see mothers anguished because their child “does not eat”. I usually say: do you know how many people died of hunger in Spain last year? None. So, even if he doesn't eat now, he will end up eating.

Something similar happens when one is young and suffers a breakup. Then you think that this person was the love of your life and that, without him or her, life has no meaning. But that vision is quite childish, because with time one understands that life takes many turns and that breakups are part of the process of emotional maturity of people.

Faced with the daily drama, with the exaggeration of a conflict or an apparently «unbearable» problem, the only thing to do is to wait a bit, look with some distance and realize that many of these concerns are unimportant.

When a person tends to think negatively, what should he or she do to change to a positive “chip”?

Perhaps the important thing is not so much to tell a person what to do or to give them guidelines or advice, which usually serve little or no purpose. People do not change because you tell them what to do, unless that person has little personality and is very dependent. They change when they realize they have to change. The art of educating and the art of treating people in psychology is to make the person realize that this mentality is hurting him or her.

As for this “negative chip”, I analyze language a lot. Human beings think through language, and it is precisely the acquisition of words that differentiates us from other living beings and allows us to understand the world in a different way.

People with greater linguistic development and a higher cultural and literary level tend to be smarter, deeper and more reflective. So one of the ways I see to change that chip is to look at the language someone uses when they speak in negative terms: “I've never been happy”, “I'll never succeed”, “I'm miserable”, “everything always happens to me”. Then I usually ask them: “Are you exaggerating or not exaggerating?.

From then on, people start to realize that he is indeed exaggerating. Sometimes they answer me: “Well, Luis, it's just a way of talking”. And I tell them that this way of speaking is very important, because words build reality. If a person is able to change his way of expressing himself, introducing elements more related to hope, to the capacity for sacrifice and to give meaning to what it costs, then that change of chip towards the positive takes place.

But, as I said at the beginning, what is really important is not to give advice, but that the person himself realizes what he has to improve.

How can we help those who suffer in an indifferent way, without looking for answers or meaning to what they are going through?

The most interesting thing is the Socratic question. You have to ask the person why. I treat people with illnesses, some with very serious and severe mental illnesses, which clearly produce a deterioration in the patient's life and change them for the worse, in the sense that it makes it very difficult for them to lead a life, sometimes even with a good personal, social or family performance. The question you have to ask him is why.

What is the reason for the depression, the schizophrenia? What is the reason for your breakup, for your job being fired, for not being able to make ends meet? In other words, why do things happen to you, what are the solutions, what is the point of this happening? And yet, sometimes there are no clear answers or solutions. I think about it now, for example, with the tragedy of Adamuz: you get on a train and suddenly you die, or your mother dies, or your sister. Tell me, what solution can something like that have? In the end, the search for the meaning of life is nothing more than the search for the meaning of what happens to us.

To answer these questions, we could turn to Victor Frankl's book of Man in search of meaning. And Friedrich Nietzsche said: «He who has a why to live for can endure almost any how.», an idea that Frankl himself rescued and turned into the axis of his reflection.

We have the need to search for meaning in what we live from our own personal experience. This search for meaning is very interesting and people find very different answers from the anthropological, philosophical and religious spheres. When someone manages to find them, I usually tell him that it is as if he had the box on which to lean the pole to jump over the fence: a support that allows him to overcome the obstacles of life.

I believe that the current conflict does not lie in the fact that there is a lot of suffering -which, in fact, is less than we sometimes think, since the world is improving in many aspects-, but in our inability to make sense of that suffering.

In fact, the people who suffer the most are not those who suffer the worst, but those who have the least tools to cope with pain. This explains why Western welfare societies suffer more than developing societies in many respects.

How would you define happiness? Where is it found and where is it not found?

I am reminded of a phrase by Miguel d’ Ors -a very good poet who may seem a bit depressive- who says that happiness consists in «not being happy and not caring«. It seems to me a very intelligent phrase.

We might think that happiness consists of obtaining everything we long for: love, money, health, success, power, traveling, doing whatever we please... But there is a popular wisdom that questions this. The gypsies, who are very intelligent, say: “May your dreams come true.”. They know that, paradoxically, when everything you wish for is fulfilled, there is a feeling of emptiness or frustration.

This explains why societies that, as I said before, are so self-centered, and people who are full of themselves -think of the achiever, the person who has attained the greatest economic, personal or professional achievements- often have few answers about the meaning of life. And, curiously, they are often frustrated by minor things. They are not always role models.

Somehow, happiness is not about filling everything or possessing everything. Happiness is much more about making sense of what we don't have. There will always be things we lack, and the key is to accept our limitations and those of others. Accepting that people are as they are, not as we would like them to be; that the world is not going to change just because we want it to; and that there are aspects of ourselves that, no matter how hard we fight, will never change, because they are linked to our personality.

When we accept that we are impatient, unstable, childish or have difficulty relating to others, and take it as part of the game of life, a curious paradox arises: acceptance makes us happier. Happiness, then, consists in recognizing ourselves as we are, accepting the way things are and understanding that, with the cards we have been dealt in this “poker” of life, there are infinite reasons to find it.

Moreover, as I said before, happiness is deeply linked to the meaning of life. Those who find a meaning close to the transcendent - understanding transcendent as realizing that there is a world beyond the material, and that our talents can be put at the service of others -, and who practice a generous love, focused on healing wounds and giving without expecting to receive, experience a much deeper happiness.

We could say that St. Teresa of Calcutta is infinitely happier than the person who appears on the cover of Hola! telling us that the important thing is to do yoga three times a week.

Could you tell us an anecdote about a patient that has marked your way of seeing things?

I couldn't point to a single anecdote, but I can say that people who tell me about their pain are much stronger and more resilient.

What I find impressive is that they are also much more tolerant. Those who have suffered a lot of pain in their own flesh understand the suffering of others better and are more empathetic towards those who are going through difficult times. This explains why those who have suffered little sometimes do not really understand the pain of others. Experiencing it firsthand or getting close to the suffering of others widens the heart.

That's why I would tell everyone who reads this interview to get involved in solidarity work. When you do things for people who are suffering, you become more fulfilled, more stable, more intelligent, more mature, and you learn to really appreciate what you have. When we have gone through a bad time in our lives, we usually say, «Now I realize what really matters.».

And if we have not had to live through a great drama, it is good to have the honesty to approach those who do suffer: they are there, just around the corner, in the street across the street or in the next town. By doing so, we discover what is worthwhile in life and we reach higher levels of well-being, mental stability and happiness.

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Gospel

St. Joseph, spouse of Mary. Solemnity of St. Joseph (A)

Vitus Ntube comments on the readings for the Solemnity of St. Joseph (A) for March 19, 2026.

Vitus Ntube-March 16, 2026-Reading time: 2 minutes

«Jacob begat Joseph, the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.». 

The Gospel of today's Solemnity begins with these words. In the midst of Lent we are offered the opportunity to celebrate St. Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary. Today we celebrate him precisely as the husband -of Mary-. The comma after the saint's name is important: «Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary». It shows us his identity, the key to his holiness and the reason for this celebration. 

St. Joseph teaches us the essential virtues for a husband. What can we learn from him? The Gospel invites us to contemplate the situation in which Joseph finds himself and the way he decides to welcome Mary as his wife. His response remains a worthy example for all husbands.

The Gospel describes Joseph as a «righteous man». In the Old Testament, this means more than outward obedience to the law; it describes someone who truly lives the covenant, who seeks God's will with sincerity of heart. Joseph was that kind of man. He did not simply follow the rules; he discovered God's love behind the law and in the law. Pope Benedict XVI once remarked that in St. Joseph «the Old Testament becomes the New», because it seeks not only the commandments, but God himself, the personal love of God.

The Gospel presents Joseph in a difficult situation. We can imagine his disappointment at finding his wife pregnant. He knew that Mary was a righteous young woman; he knew her inner and outer beauty, the purity of her heart, and now he is confused and disappointed. But Joseph, being truly a righteous man, does not apply the law rigidly at the expense of goodness, but he takes «a way of love in justice, of justice in love». It shows that the righteous not only live by faith (cf. Habakkuk 2:4), but also by love. His righteousness is dictated by love. He was a man of genuine love, a husband who knew how to love.

Joseph is also a husband who knew how to listen to God and obey him. He is attentive to the voice of God. He was not a dreamer, although God entered his life through the door of a dream. He is a man of prayer and reminds husbands of the need for constant dialogue with God before making any decision within the family. He had the ability to listen to God and the courage to do the right thing, to live the vocation of a husband, taking Mary as his wife.

When Joseph arose and obeyed, receiving Mary as his wife, he also said yes to fatherhood: «She will give birth to a son, and you shall name him Jesus.». By being a chaste husband, he also became a father. In Joseph we see another dimension of fatherhood. He is not only a model for husbands, but also for celibate men. He shows that his chastity can also lead to true fatherhood.

St. Joseph is a model for husbands and there is an urgent need for many more «Josephs» in today's world. No wonder a pious mother once told me that I should pray for her daughter to find her Joseph. How right she was! If we need more holy families, we need holy men, holy husbands like Joseph. Let us pray that we have many men like St. Joseph, holy husbands.

The Vatican

“Faith is not a blind act, a renouncing of reason,” Pope says

On the Fourth Sunday of Lent, Pope Leo XIV urged us to “open our eyes” with an awakened and attentive faith in the face of the questions of the human heart and the dramatic situations of injustice, violence and suffering. “Faith is not a blind act, a renouncing of reason,” he said, just the day after the death of philosopher Jürgen Habermas.  

Francisco Otamendi-March 15, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

Faith and reason, to keep “our eyes open” in the face of violence and suffering, and the call for a cessation of hostilities in the Middle East and the resumption of dialogue, especially in Lebanon, were central themes in the Angelus of Pope Leo XIV on the IV Sunday of Lent.

In fact, the Gospel The Pope said that the theme of this Fourth Sunday of Lent recounts the healing of a man blind from birth (cf. Jn 9:1-41), and “it is striking that for centuries there has been a widespread belief, still present today, that faith is a kind of “leap in the dark,” a renunciation of thought, so that to have faith would mean to believe “blindly”. 

“An open-eyed Christianity.”

However, “the Gospel, on the other hand, tells us that in contact with Christ eyes are opened, to the point that the religious authorities insistently ask the healed blind man: ‘How were your eyes opened?’ (Jn 9:10); and also: ‘How did he open your eyes?’ (v. 26).

The Pontiff encouraged that “we, healed by the love of Christ, are called to live a Christianity “with eyes open”, especially to the sufferings of others and the wounds of the world. Faced with the many questions of the human heart and the dramatic situations of injustice, violence and suffering that mark our time, we need an awakened, attentive and prophetic faith that opens our eyes to the darkness of the world.

Leo XIV, Benedict XVI, Jürgen Habermas

Shortly before, the Successor of Peter had said: “Faith is not a blind act, a renunciation of reason, a disposition of a certain religious conviction that leads us to look away from the world. On the contrary, faith helps us to look from Jesus” point of view, with his eyes".

Some have recalled on this point the conversations between the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas, The dialogue was held with Joseph Ratzinger (Benedict XVI) in 2004, in which the latter acknowledged that religion somehow needed a critical control of reason. The context of the dialogue was faith, reason and democracy in Europe.

Habermas, for his part, recognized that religion continues to play a relevant cultural and moral role, and did not propose its exclusion from the public sphere, but rather to translate its ethical intuitions into a language accessible to all citizens. At the same time, the philosopher affirmed that the relationship between faith and reason is not one of subordination, but of reciprocal learning. 

War in the Middle East

Regarding the war in the Middle East, Leo XIV noted that “thousands of innocent people have lost their lives and many others have been forced to flee their homes. I reiterate my closeness in prayer to all those who have lost loved ones in the attacks that have struck schools, hospitals and populated areas.”.

“Lebanon, a cause for great concern”.”

He then acknowledged, as he did last Sunday, that “the situation in Lebanon is a source of great concern. I hope that paths of dialogue will be opened that can help the authorities of the country to implement lasting solutions to the current serious crisis, for the common good of all Lebanese.

In the name of the Christians of the Middle East and of all women and men of good will, I address those responsible for this conflict: cease hostilities! Let the paths of dialogue be resumed! Violence can never lead to the justice, stability and peace that the peoples are waiting for.”.

The Pope is already residing in the apartment of the Apostolic Palace.

For the rest, Pope Leo has already transferred your residence to the apartment in the Apostolic Palace, together with his closest collaborators, as confirmed by Matteo Bruni, director of the Holy See Press Office. It consists of several spaces, including the private study, from where the Pope looks out for the Angelus in St. Peter's Square, the Library and a small chapel. Until now, the Pope had lived in the Palace of the Holy Office, where he resided when he was prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops. 

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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Young people leaving the networks 

The young people who leave their nets and begin to walk following Jesus point the way for those of us who are fearful and make us see that the future is not as black as the newscasts make it out to be.

March 15, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

In a matter of a few months, I have lived very closely the entrance of a 20 year old boy into the Seminary and the weddings of two 26 year old girls. Different paths for the same call to leave the nets and follow God where He wants.

In the days leading up to the celebration of the Seminar Day (March 22), we are invited to reflect on the Christian vocation, the one against which a famous Spanish comedian the other day directed a furious attack, not so much, I believe, out of true hatred for Christianity but because «she doesn't know what she is doing».

It is impossible to understand, for those who live in an exclusively material key, that a young man or woman chooses to stop living for himself or herself in order to live for others, whether in a Christian marriage or in a priestly or religious vocation. «They must have eaten his brain,» think those who do not realize that they have theirs like a gruyere cheese because of ideologies, authentic political religions that not only leave their followers empty, but, under the promise of making them freer, enslave them.

Other gods

The call to leave the nets that Jesus made to his disciples takes on full relevance in a world as entangled as the one humanity is facing in this second quarter of the 21st century. Our young people live tied by the fine thread of the god of money, by the transparent line of the god of aesthetics, by the thin wire of the god of professional careers, by the invisible cable of the god of affections, by the light filament of the digital world....

Like those phantom rigs that drift through the seas entangling the sea creatures that come across them, exhausting them to death, many boys and girls live hooked, without realizing it, to a huge ball of fine threads that prevents them from swimming free. The data make it clear: youth is no longer the golden age, but quite the opposite. The younger generations are much unhappier than the older ones and the mental deterioration they suffer is becoming pandemic.

Invitation to love

What has happened so that, in spite of having almost everything, they cannot cope with their lives? Could it be that the human being is something more than matter and that he/she becomes scattered if he/she does not discover that he/she is something more? Jesus« call to his disciples to leave their nets was not a command from authority, but an invitation, from freedom, to untie themselves and discover that »something more", the secret of authentic happiness: to love. Because living only for oneself impoverishes us and limits our spirit, which is made to go out to meet others, to love and serve.

How much joy is transmitted by those people who live by and for others! Mothers and parents who go out of their way for their spouses and children, priests dedicated to their parishes, religious men and women who care for their brothers and sisters in community and live their contemplative or active charism to the full, or volunteers who do their bit to build a better world. All of them show that life, when given, is received, and when we try to hold on to it, it is lost.

The testimony of the youth

Seeing young people swimming against the tide saying yes to the Lord despite all the difficulties that this entails today, denounces my lack of faith and hope. Lack of faith because I forget that God is a Father who takes care of his own and lack of hope because I am afraid of the future, which does not depend on me, nor on the latest Donald Trump's latest idea, but only on God.

The testimony of the seminarians, the experience of the boys and girls who decide to embrace religious life, the example of the young couples of bride and groom, They are an enormous prophetic cry that should awaken from their lethargy a society lulled to sleep by the new opiates of the people. The young people who leave their nets and begin to walk following Jesus show the way to the fearful and make us see that the future is not as black as the newscasts show us. 

As St. Peter recalled in the book of Acts, «your sons and daughters will prophesy and your young men will see visions». And so it is.

The authorAntonio Moreno

Journalist. Graduate in Communication Sciences and Bachelor in Religious Sciences. He works in the Diocesan Delegation of Media in Malaga. His numerous "threads" on Twitter about faith and daily life have a great popularity.

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Evangelization

Serving by communicating: the mission that transformed the life of Susy Campoverde

In Guayaquil, a city of fast pace and vibrant commerce, Susy Campoverde has found, by collaborating with her parish, a space where time is measured in another way: through grace.

Juan Carlos Vasconez-March 14, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

Susy Campoverde, a marketing expert who knows the business world well, traded corporate strategies for parishes, discovering an unexpected vocation.

At times, Susy herself is amazed at the definition of her current role: “I am surprised when one of the priests I collaborate with introduces me as ‘the one in charge of communication, the one who keeps us up to date with events, activities and, above all, special parties’.”. Although the presbyters say it with affection, she feels the weight of those words. 

For Susy, ecclesial communication is not technical, it is theological: “In the Church, to communicate well is to serve well: a period, a comma, a word, a photo or a video can bring a heart closer to God..., or leave it indifferent.”

A daughter's return home

Susy's conversion story has a maternal trigger. Her journey began fourteen years ago, driven by the desire for good for her eldest daughter. “I was working very hard and, although I loved her with my soul, I felt that I was not giving her something essential: a space to grow spiritually, to know God.”, He recalls with sincerity about those years of intense work activity.

That restlessness awakened in her echoes of her own childhood in Guayaquil. Memory took her back to Guayalar, an institution linked to the work of Opus Dei. Susy recalls with nostalgia that “There we received talks, meditations, circles and we were invited to retreats where there was always a warmth of home that marked my heart”.”. It was that sensation of feeling “loved, accompanied, guided” what she longed for her daughter.

Although marriage and adult life had driven her away from the “unintentionally”, The search for training for her daughter became her own Damascus road. Wanting to give the child “that environment where one can find God naturally”.”, she ended up finding it herself. 

A routine anchored in prayer

Far from being a mere clerk, Susy lives her work from a spiritual point of view. Her day starts with a clear priority:“I get up, offer my day and do some prayer time at home, before the movement of family and work begins.”. He is categorical in affirming the importance of this moment: “That prayer, short or long depending on the day, is what sustains me.”.

Its work in the various parishes with which it collaborates goes beyond “take pictures or prepare communication material”. Its objective is to “to live with the community, to listen, to accompany and to feel closely the parish life”.”. For her, the sacraments and prayer are not an addition, but the foundation: “Those moments -prayer at home, Mass, living together with the community. are my daily anchor. They remind me that my job is not just a set of tasks, but a mission.”.

Communicating is transmitting life

His vision of institutional communication in the Church is profound: “Parish communication is a delicate bridge. It's not just about informing; it's about transmitting life.”.

This awareness is what leads her to a holy perfectionism. “A well-written message can encourage; an image can awaken faith.”, she assures. In direct contact, Susy avoids the limelight. “I don't give great advice or pretend to direct anyone's spiritual path.”, he clarifies. His method is simpler: “I simply work with affection and approach people from the everyday.”. He has discovered that evangelization does not always require great speeches, for “God acts above all in those simple gestures, in the closeness and respect with which we treat others.”.

There is an anecdote that Susy treasures and that perfectly illustrates her mission. In her parish, she is often asked to lead the rosary, something that she does “with affection and also with a bit of modesty”.”. One day, an elderly lady approached him at the end of Mass, took his hand gently and said: “How beautiful how she carries the rosary..., I have learned to pray it with her”.”.

That comment was a revelation. “I was deeply moved by his words.”, Susy confesses. “I never imagined that leading the rosary could touch someone's heart. For me it was a simple, almost everyday act; but for her it had been an open door to get closer to God.”.

Spain

RedMadre offers a training search engine geared towards mothers

The Maternity Aid Foundation launches an unprecedented career guidance website for new mothers (and those who are not).

Jose Maria Navalpotro-March 13, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

Pregnant women, at risk, and lacking training or professional qualifications to be able to be autonomous and earn a living. A drama. And a very common situation in this group. The RedMadre Foundation has just launched a portal, RedMadre Orienta, to help in this task. Beyond the jungle that entails entering search engines such as Google, this digital tool, unique in its characteristics, will allow to focus the search and easily access training proposals of different types, public and private, free and paid. This tool has been made possible thanks to the sponsorship of the Nemesio Diez Foundation, which supports projects dedicated to vulnerable people in Spain.

A few days after March 8, Women's Day, RedMadre believes that female employability remains a challenge for society. Even more so when they become pregnant or have just had a child.

One out of every four women has had work difficulties after motherhood, according to María Torrego, president of the RedMadre Foundation, an organization that has been working for 19 years to help at-risk mothers. This is the reason for the creation of this website, which is “an intelligent training search engine for new mothers, or simply mothers,” explains María Torrego, general manager of the foundation. Its offer is aimed at a very specific sector of women, but in reality it can benefit any of them, or even men, because the offers are usually generic in nature. “It's like a specialized Google, which saves time and effort in the search,” she adds.

Training adapted to the circumstances

“We help the pregnant women and new mothers we accompany to access training adapted to their circumstances in order to facilitate their incorporation into the world of work and enable them to support their families and develop their lives,” she says. María Torrego. She adds that “with this professional orientation portal we open our training and employment project to any woman who needs new opportunities to rebuild her life project, without the need for her to be receiving support from RedMadre”.

The new digital tool is part of the Employability program that the foundation is already developing, with the Forma+Emplea+Integra Project. aimed at parents in vulnerable situations. Working with them, “we saw the need for a tool to help them seek training,” explains Leticia Estevas-Guilmain, head of the project. She points out that many of the beneficiaries of RedMadre are immigrant women. “We have detected that these women we are helping urgently need training to get a decent job that will guarantee better opportunities for her and her new family, and that the stage of pregnancy and early parenting can be used to this end”. 

However, in many cases “they lack training in Spain. Sometimes they don't have it at all; sometimes they even have higher degrees, because they are dentists, lawyers, doctors, but without a certified degree. The Foundation already provided them with some practical help in short, practical sessions, and in more specialized, face-to-face courses. 

“Now we are extending this assistance to pregnant women, to anyone, regardless of their situation. In addition, it is an unprecedented course because no one collects so much information on training offers,” Leticia assures. “There are no search engines that offer something so specialized,” she stresses.

The site is not a course tracker, but rather the RedMadre team analyzes different options and courses and then includes those that are truly useful for the people targeted by the tool.

The website provides information on offers from 16 private entities with which RedMadre collaborates (care organizations, educational entities...) as well as numerous public resources, from ministries, autonomous communities and city councils. Most of them are free of charge. For those that are not, the Foundation often offers financial aid.

On the web 

On the page RedMadre Orienta allows connecting women according to their age, autonomous community, previous studies and legal situation with the social entities that offer courses and programs compatible with their circumstances. It also shows the map of public education they can access and the degrees they can take, explaining in detail each one and the type of work they will be able to develop later. In addition, it has a section for quick and easy access to the accreditation of professional competencies and homologation of degrees.

Torrego has encouraged all educational entities and social organizations to offer their collaboration on the page, with the idea of centralizing on this website the widest possible range of offers.

The website will be updated frequently, with the idea that the resources are active and that there are no links to outdated websites or offers. The search engine can be accessed through https://orienta.redmadre.es/

Newsroom

The unforgettable figure of Carmen Hernández

The delivery of more than 30,000 pages of documentation to the Archbishopric of Madrid allows us to delve deeper into the signs of identity of the life and mission of Carmen Hernandez.

José Carlos Martín de la Hoz-March 13, 2026-Reading time: 4 minutes

On March 2, the documentation prepared by the Historical Commission was handed over to the Episcopal Delegate for the Causes of Saints of the Archbishopric of Madrid, Mr. Alberto Fernández, at the Archbishopric of Madrid. 

The Postulator of the Cause, Dr. Charlie Metola and the doctoral members of the Historical Commission swore to have faithfully complied with the mandate received from His Eminence Cardinal José Cobo, Archbishop of Madrid. Finally, the professors were interrogated one by one by the tribunal appointed for this purpose by the Cardinal as prescribed by canon law.

Finally, in the hall The members of the tribunal and the postulator of the Cause, together with the five historians, all of them good professionals and very knowledgeable about the co-foundress of the Neocatechumenal Way, were photographed to immortalize the moment.

The signs of identity of Carmen Hernández

The question one asks oneself after reviewing and preparing the 30,000 pages of documents, collected, transcribed and presented before the Diocesan Tribunal, would be what were the signs of identity of the Servant of God? Carmen Hernandez. This question is the one I will try to summarize in the following lines.

First of all, I was impressed to learn about the vocational itinerary through which Carmen Hernandez received from God the mission to work side by side with Kiko Arguello all her life, being both of such different formation and mentality, to respond to the divine invitation to build Christian communities throughout the world and a true spirituality in which several million people, mostly Christian families, have already reached, with God's grace and freedom, holiness and have enlivened entire countries and dioceses.

Theological formation and providence in its preparation

Immediately, we must recognize the Providence of God that made Carmen study theology until she obtained her degree in the Faculty of Theology of Valencia, which was started and promoted by D. Antonio Rodilla, one of the most important personalities of the diocese of Valencia and faithful collaborator of Archbishop Marcelino Olaechea.

Carmen was able to enrich herself with the doctrinal, theological and liturgical richness of the Faculty and then apply it to the catechists along the way, so that they would know how to apply it to persons, families, of all classes and conditions and of all races, thanks to the depth of theology. The scripts that he prepared and that have been preserved and delivered to the Historical Commission make explicit the theological environment of the fifties and the renewal of the Second Vatican Council.

Carmen knew the Bible very well

It is especially striking the great knowledge of the Sacred Scriptures that shows all the catechetical work of Carmen Hernandez as well as the living Tradition of the Church and the pontifical magisterium. It is very easy to discover the relationship of that living theology with the text of the Catechism of the Catholic Church that would be published in 1992 and that we see reflected in so many scripts elaborated by Carmen.

There is a detail that is worth highlighting in the light of the recent document prepared by the Commission on the Doctrine of the Faith of the Spanish Episcopal Conference. This document wishes to draw attention to the importance of providing the Christian people with a solid formation in doctrinal matters and popular piety, avoiding both emotionalism and cold rationality far removed from the true life of prayer and sacrifice of ordinary Christians. In this direction, the solid foundation of biblical theology and the theology of communion that runs through the life and writings of Carmen Hernandez is very striking.

A spiritual motherhood at the service of families

Certainly, the life of Carmen Hernandez and that of the Neocatechumenal Way and that of Kiko Arguello run in parallel and each one of them will be a true instrument of the gifts of the Holy Spirit, therefore, in what I am going to say now, I will stick to what I think is proper to Carmen. Specifically, Carmen, as a woman and “mother” of the Camino, will bring all the elements of her femininity and especially the gift of an overflowing motherhood with the families of the Camino.

As the years go by and the characteristics of this path of holiness that opened up in the world are studied from the angle of spiritual theology, surely theologians, with the necessary historical perspective and the undoubted fruits of holiness that we are already contemplating, will underline what we could now tentatively call: “the facets of a family and lay spirituality”.

The expansion of Christianity

Certainly, the reality of the Camino is that it is about communities that contain other communities and within them a good group of families that know how to make community at all times and that at the same time evangelize the world because they relate with other families in their environment and thus the world will be illuminated from within. In this sense, we will study the migrations of families sent to build Christian communities where there were none or where they had almost disappeared so that they will connect with the first Christians and the expansion of the faith throughout the empire as Rodney Stark has historicized in his famous treatise “The Expansion of Christianity”.

Among the anecdotes that could be told, I have selected one that, because of its simplicity, denotes the character of a strong, strong, Castilian and Navarrese mother of a family, at the same time that she was full of infinite understanding and mercy. I am referring to the direct and spontaneous conversation with a group of seminarians whom she wished to form and launch throughout the world. In a moment of intense confidence in them, he told them: “virtue is a matter of faith”. 

Certainly, those who know and have dealt with young people know that one must always be encouraging, positive and encouraging and, at the same time, that there are no magic formulas or shortcuts, but also that only from the depths can one build a solid edifice. Faith, hope and love are three theological virtues that God gives in abundance to those who wish to follow him in his service. All spiritual problems, therefore, can be solved by asking God to give us the virtues he is asking of us.

The expansion of Christianity

AuthorRodney Stark
EditorialTrotta
Pages: 224
Year: 2025
TribuneMsgr. José Ángel Saiz Meneses

Popular piety and the evangelizing mission of the Brotherhoods of the Sisterhoods of the Church

In a world where popular piety brings the faithful closer to the mystery of God, the brotherhoods and confraternities fulfill a key mission based on three pillars: solid formation, coherent faith and commitment to charity and those most in need.

March 13, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

Popular piety is not a folkloric appendage of Christian life. It is the threshold through which many people are introduced to the Mystery of God: a mother who teaches the sign of the cross, a candle lit before an image, a rosary prayed as a family, a penitential station that awakens questions. However, for this threshold to truly lead to Christ, it must remain united to the liturgical life of the Church. The Vatican Council II clearly expresses it: “The Liturgy is the summit towards which the activity of the Church tends and at the same time the source from which all her strength flows” (Sacrosanctum Concilium, 10).

For this reason, the Council itself, in recommending pious practices, establishes a golden criterion: “It is necessary that these same exercises be organized with the liturgical seasons in mind, so that they may be in accord with the sacred Liturgy, in a certain sense derive from it and lead the people to it” (Sacrosanctum Concilium, 13). This pastoral rule avoids two temptations: liturgicism that disdains the devotion of the people, and devotionalism that forgets that the Eucharist is the heart of the life of the Christian and of the Church.

St. Paul VI, with a fatherly gaze, recognized lights and shadows of “popular religiosity”; but he affirmed that, “when it is well oriented... it contains many values” (Evangelii Nuntiandi, 48). And Pope Francis has strongly emphasized that in popular piety “underlies an actively evangelizing force that we cannot underestimate”.” (Evangelii gaudium, 126). It is not a question of marginal pious practices: it is a pastoral fact. Where faith seems weakened, there often remains a glowing ember in these expressions that are as simple as they are profound.

Brotherhoods and confraternities: a privileged ecclesial subject

In our land, the brotherhoods and confraternities are a privileged subject of this popular piety. The Directory on popular piety and liturgy recalls that, in addition to the exercise of charity and social commitment, its purposes include the following “the promotion of Christian worship” (Directory... n. 69). It also describes their concrete life: they have their own calendar of worship services, processions and pilgrimages, and they mark days of worship, processions and pilgrimages. “in which certain works of mercy are to be done”.” (Ibid.). The Church recognizes them, approves their statutes and values their acts of worship; but, at the same time, it asks them to, “avoiding all forms of opposition and isolation.”, are “integrated in an appropriate way into parish and diocesan life”.” (Ibid.).

From here we can understand its evangelizing mission. A fraternity evangelizes when it takes care of communion: with the pastor, with the diocese, with the ordinary liturgical life, with the poor and with the youth. It evangelizes when worship is not reduced to aesthetics, but leads to confession, to a profound experience of the Eucharist, to listening to the Word, to coherence of life and to its charitable and social work. And it evangelizes when its public presence is not self-affirmation, but witness: a people that walks humbly, praying, offering penance, placing Christ at the center.

Three unpostponable tasks

First: formation. Without doctrinal and liturgical formation, piety is impoverished and exposed to confusion. The Directory reminds us that the exercises of piety should be “conformable to sound doctrine”, "in harmony with the sacred Liturgy”.” and promote “a conscious and active participation in the common prayer of the Church.” (Directory..., n. 71). Therefore, a persevering catechesis is urgently needed: on the mystery of Christ, on the Virgin Mary, on the saints, on the meaning of penance and mercy, on the Social Doctrine of the Church.

Second: celebrate with truth. Well-prepared services - centered on Christ, illuminated by the Word, with sobriety and an ecclesial sense - evangelize without fanfare. Also pilgrimages and processions, when they are prayer and not spectacle, can be a “first proclamation” for many. Francis reminds us that “walking together to the shrines... is in itself an evangelizing gesture”, and adds: “Let us not curtail or seek to control that missionary force!” (Evangelii Gaudium, 124).

Third: to serve. Devotion that does not become charity becomes sterile. The brotherhood that accompanies the sick, supports the needy, welcomes the migrant, visits the elderly, promotes works of mercy and defends the dignity of the poor, preaches the Gospel with works and credibility. Popular piety then becomes integral evangelization: worship and life, beauty and truth, tradition and mission.

Popular piety, purified and encouraged, is a place where the Spirit continues to work. Let us care for it with pastoral love so that our brotherhoods may be, more and more, communities of missionary disciples who lead to the liturgy and, from the liturgy, go out to meet the people.

The authorMsgr. José Ángel Saiz Meneses

Archbishop of Seville

Spain

Fernando García, new Secretary General of CONFER as of September

Fernando García Sánchez replaces Jesús Miguel Zamora, FSC, as the new Secretary General of CONFER, taking office on September 1.

Editorial Staff Omnes-March 12, 2026-Reading time: 2 minutes

The General Council of the Spanish Conference of Religious (CONFER) has appointed this Thursday, March 12, Salesian Fernando García Sánchez as the new secretary general of the institution for the period 2026-2030. García will take office on September 1, 2026, replacing Jesús Miguel Zamora, a religious of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, La Salle, who has held this responsibility since September 2017.

Current trajectory within the Salesians

Fernando García (Madrid, 1974) is currently the Major Superior of the Salesian Province of Santiago el Mayor, a position he will hold until May 2. Within the Salesian congregation he has also been a member of the Provincial Council and Provincial Coordinator of Salesian Santiago el Mayor Schools.

García made his first religious profession in Arévalo on August 16, 1993 and was ordained priest in Madrid - Paseo de Extremadura on June 19, 2004.

The new Secretary General obtained a Bachelor's Degree in Philosophy and Letters from the Pontifical University of Salamanca and a Bachelor's Degree in Theology from the Pontifical Salesian University in Rome, where he also studied Youth Ministry.

Pastoral experience and institutional responsibilities

Throughout his pastoral career he has held various responsibilities in the educational and youth field. He has been pastoral coordinator, director of the Youth Center and sports coordinator at the Salesian House in Soto del Real, as well as director of Salesianos Aranjuez and Salesianos Atocha.

In CONFER itself, he is a member of the General Council and has participated in the group in charge of elaborating the Lines of Work of the Institutions of the Catholic Church in Spain in matters of sexual abuse and the Plan of Integral Reparation for Victims of Abuse (PRIVA), approved in 2024 by CONFER and the Spanish Episcopal Conference. He is also a member of a working group of major superiors created in 2025 to reflect on educational works and the governance of religious institutions.

He has also been a member of the Board of Directors of Escuelas Católicas - Madrid and of the Board of Trustees of the Fundación Educación y Evangelio.

Acknowledgment to Jesús Miguel Zamora

For his part, Jesús Miguel Zamora will continue as secretary general until Fernando García takes office, scheduled for August 31. CONFER has thanked both the Salesians and the new secretary general for their willingness to assume this service and for the work carried out by Zamora during his nine years of dedication to the institution.

The president of CONFER, Jesús Díaz Sariego, OP, also expressed his gratitude to the Salesian Province of St. James the Greater and to the Christian Brothers, La Salle, “for their commitment to religious life in Spain, through the collaboration and service of Fernando and Jesús Miguel in CONFER respectively».

The Vatican

Msgr. Luis Marín, new Pope's almoner

Pope Leo XIV has appointed Bishop Luis Marin de San Martin, O.S.A., new Almsgiver of His Holiness and Prefect of the Dicastery for the Service of Charity, replacing Cardinal Konrad Krajewski, called to the Archdiocese of Łódź (Poland).

Editorial Staff Omnes-March 12, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

Pope Leo XIV has appointed Bishop Luis Marin de San Martin, O.S.A., as the new Almsgiver of His Holiness and Prefect of the Dicastery for the Service of Charity, conferring upon him the dignity of Archbishop. Marín, until now titular bishop of Suliana and Undersecretary of the General Secretariat of the Synod. He thus replaces Cardinal Konrad Krajewski, who has been appointed Metropolitan Archbishop of Łódź (Poland). Cardinal Krajewski, 63, had held the post of Almsgiver since 2013 and became prefect of the Dicastery for the Service of Charity in 2022.

The newly appointed Almsgiver of His Holiness expressed in a message his «profound gratitude to Pope Leo XIV for his confidence», while assuring that he will try to fulfill his new responsibilities «with fidelity, involvement and enthusiasm».

In this work, he continued, «I want to put the poor at the center and allow myself to be challenged by their cry, which is that of Christ. As a Christian, as a pastor, I must reveal the true face of divine love. And he affirmed that »service to the poor refers back to the Gospel. They evangelize us. He also recalled his predecessor, Cardinal Konrad Krajewski, and his «hard and magnificent task».

Synod Partners

The new Almsgiver recalled his colleagues in the Synod Secretariat, among them Cardinal Mario Grech. He also expressed his gratitude for the appointment he received from Pope Francis, «who called me to collaborate in this time of renewal and hope».

Bishop Marín highlighted the richness of «the years spent as undersecretary of the Synod» and highlighted «the vitality of the Church, which chases away the shadows of pessimism and resignation. He also stressed that during his work he met »many «saints next door‘ who, with simplicity, courage and joy, live and witness to their faith and sow the Gospel’.

Son of the Church

Mons. Luis Marín also dedicated a few words to the Church, «whom I love with all my being and whom I wish to serve in whatever she asks of me, in whatever she needs from me, like a son with his Mother». In the same vein, he ended his message by affirming: «I know that I am not alone. I am a son of the Church, I am part of the People of God. We walk together» and asked for prayers to carry out his work.

Who is Mons. Luis Marín?

Bishop Luis Marin comes to the position with a trajectory marked by the coordination and promotion of synodality in the Church. An Augustinian from Madrid, he has been one of the undersecretaries of the Synod of Bishops, collaborating closely with Cardinal Mario Grech and the French nun Nathalie Becquart. In a interview granted to Omnes Marín described the Synod as a process of listening and participation, emphasizing that the synodal Church is walking together: «to live the Church is to live synodality. Promoting this synodality is the task of all Christians”.

In his work as undersecretary, Msgr. Marin has promoted the participation of the laity in the Church, always emphasizing the spiritual dimension and openness to the Holy Spirit as a guide for discernment. His experience in coordinating and leading synodal processes will be key in his new mission, which combines the administration of the Dicastery with the direct accompaniment of the Pope's charitable works.

Luis Marin has shared his daily life with the Pope for years and maintains a great friendship with him, which has allowed him to get to know his career closely. After the election of Leo XIV, the new almoner dedicated a article in Omnes to analyze and publicize his figure.

Integral ecology

God in the Spanish Constitution

The 1978 Constitution sought peace after decades of conflict, but eliminated any explicit mention of God. This generated a debate about the moral identity of the state and the relationship between religion and politics in Spain.

Santiago Leyra Curiá-March 12, 2026-Reading time: 6 minutes

Martin Buber begins one of his classic books Eclipse of God with this sentence: «The true character of an epoch is recognized above all by the prevailing relationship between religion and reality».

As Olegario González de Cardedal says, the main objective of the 1978 Constitution was to move from the consequences of the civil war to a project of peaceful civil coexistence. This principled attitude also had repercussions on religious questions, and the left and political nationalism wanted to distance themselves as far as possible from Francoism. It is from this general perspective that, for many, questions of God, religion and churches were seen in the light of the above as something repressive that had to be avoided.

The religious debate in the drafting of the 1978 Constitution

For example, the PSOE representative Gregorio Peces Barba justified his «exit» from the Constitutional Proposal by his opposition to the constitutional mention of the Catholic Church in what would be art. 16.3 of the Constitution (no confession has a state character, but the public authorities will take into account the beliefs of society, maintaining relations of cooperation with the Catholic Church and the other confessions) and which his party opposed because it considered it an underhand confessionalism.

Beyond this position, it was thought that the general awareness prevailed that concord, collective understanding between human groups, parties, ideologies, regions and religions, should prevail over possible and legitimate claims.

Peace or truth: the moral dilemma of the Transition

There are two moral imperatives that man has to conjugate and many times he does not know how. On the façade of the Casa Museo de Unamuno in Salamanca is written the phrase: «First truth before peace». Now, he was referring to personal peace, to the necessary search for the truth that preceded and preceded him. The context was his existential struggle. At the time of the Spanish transition and the drafting of the Constitution, the statement «Peace before truth» prevailed in people's consciences.

And here is where we find the difficulties that for some Spaniards the text of the Constitution of 1978 (date in which 90.5% of Spaniards declared themselves Catholic) offered because it silenced the affirmations about God that had preceded practically in the preamble of almost all the previous Spanish Constitutions with the exception of the one proposed by the Republic in 1931, beginning with that of the Cortes of Cadiz that makes two capital affirmations. The first one opens the text: «In the name of Almighty God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, author and supreme legislator of the Society». And article 12: «The religion of the Spanish nation is and will perpetually be the Catholic, apostolic and Roman, unique and true. The Nation protects it by wise and just laws and prohibits the exercise of any other».

A godless constitution for a Christian people?

In the current Spanish Constitution there is no nomination, invocation or explicit reference to God. The problem was raised only by the independent senator from Soria, Fidel Carazo, who was joined by two other UCD senators and Admiral Gamboa, who put as a condition to give their positive vote to the Constitution, that the following amendment be admitted: «Spain recognizes God as the inspiring foundation of law and the transcendent basis of human values». They were joined by another group, which found no echo in Spanish society or in the Spanish Church. In the political parties and in the constitutional papers there was a shared conviction: religion should not again be a problem that divided Spaniards.

On September 28, 1978, the Permanent Commission of the Spanish Episcopal Conference published a note on the Constitutional Referendum of December 6, 1978. In it the bishops showed their recognition to the values that the Constitution offered at the same time that they showed some reservations and reservations. And they concluded: «We consider that there are no decisive reasons for us to indicate or forbid the faithful to vote in a decisive way».

Monsignor José Guerra Campos, Bishop of Cuenca, in a Pastoral Letter taken up by the Bishops of Vitoria, Orense, Sigüenza-Guadalajara, Ciudad Rodrigo, Tenerife and Orihuela, asked in the title: «Constitution without God for a Christian people? The presupposition of this question was that, if it is a question of a mainly Christian people, it is not possible to enunciate the essence of its moral orientation, of its project of meaning and of its constitutional juridical norm, without naming God. 

In a private conversation, St. John Paul II said to Cardinal Bueno Monreal, Archbishop of Seville and Cardinal Tarancon, Archbishop of Madrid: «You have consented to an atheist Constitution in Spain». Cardinal Bueno Monreal replied: «It is a non-confessional Constitution, it recognizes the autonomy of civil power and religious autonomy».

European models of the relationship between God and the Constitution

The situation in the rest of the European constitutions is diverse: from those that begin with an invocation to the Holy Trinity as Ireland and Greece, to those that maintain the divine designations that come from centuries as is the peculiar case of England, to those that do not enter the question and think that the affirmation of God is subsumed from its only verifiable place: the freedom of men, which is respected and assigned its own place among the rights and freedoms that are regulated. The Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation, in its 1999 version, begins as follows: «In the name of Almighty God, the Swiss people and Cantons....».

The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of May 23, 1949 deserves special mention: «Conscious of its responsibility before God and mankind and animated by the will to serve the peace of the world as an equal member of a united Europe, the German people...». Here not only is a nomination of God made, but the responsibility of the legislators before Him is affirmed. He is conceived as the front of legitimacy on the one hand, of demand and judgment on the other, before whom the laws have their ultimate meaning, foundation and defense. The experience of the 12 years of Nazism, which arose at first from the democratic vote of the Germans, can be glimpsed in the background.

Secularism arises for the defense of minorities, as an area of freedom for all and can never be used for the repression of the majorities from a dominant ideology or group that rises to absolute interpreter as the sole guardian of the nation or the republic. This is exactly the point of the Polish Constitution, which chose a middle way, so that believers and non-believers are represented in this Magna Carta.

The text reads: «We the Polish nation, all citizens of the Republic, both those who believe in God as the source of truth, justice, goodness and beauty, as well as those who do not share such faith, but respect universal values as coming from other sources, equal in rights and obligations towards the common good ... recognizing our responsibility before God or before our conscience».

Moral foundation and cultural consequences

By putting the word God in a constitutional text we are breaking the horizontality of history and of human life; we are knowing ourselves to be superior to ourselves; we are accepting the precedence of good and the sovereignty of Truth over man as a power that qualifies him and as a power that judges him, so that evil cannot be declared good or good evil. In uttering the name of God, we are each knowing ourselves equal to those who have the power because they too are referred to their judgment and truth. They, as well as we, must obey legislation, which is not pure law, but must be founded on justice.

Ortega repeated that God is a question for everyone, a civil problem and not only for believers but also for thinkers. Rahner affirmed that a culture or university that does not dare to speak of God, and that does not have a public place for Him, cannot have a public place to speak of metaphysics and ethics, of being and duty. These are not more evident than God and have not occupied in consciences nor do they occupy today more real space than He does.

Historical balance and critical judgment

Cardinal Marcelo Gonzalez, Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain, published days before the constitutional referendum of December 6, 1978, a letter entitled Ante el referéndum sobre la Constitución (Before the referendum on the Constitution), in which he warned: on the seriousness of proposing an agnostic Constitution in a nation of baptized people whose immense majority had not renounced their faith, being able to turn it in the hands of successive public powers into a “safe-conduct for legalized aggressions against inalienable human rights”, referring to the possibility of legally introducing abortion in Spain; on the subjection of the management of educational centers to obstacles that favored Marxist tactics; on the non-consideration of the moral values of the family (speaking of the future divorce law as “a huge factory of broken marriages and orphans with father and mother”).

The prelate did not imagine the laws that would be passed in the following decades or the release from prison of unrepentant ETA convicts and collaborators of justice that we are currently experiencing.

In 2004 came the debate on the non-inclusion of a mention of the Christian roots of Europe in the draft of the unborn European Constitution. Marcelo and the 7 bishops who adhered to his letter, branded by some press as fundamentalists, saw coming the moral degradation of Spain that has made possible our Constitution and that we contemplate today.

It is also fair to point out that June marks 30 years of PSOE governments, which together with the 5 years of UCD and the 14 years of PP, make these parties the architects, actively or passively, of our current moral situation. Let us hope that a future constitutional reform will lay its foundations on firmer foundations, while respecting the freedom and diversity of the Spanish people.

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Evangelization

P. Rafael Pascual: “The life of St. Teresa cannot be understood without St. Joseph”.”

“March is the month of St. Joseph! The month of March is the month of St. Joseph! ”The life of St. Teresa cannot be understood without St. Joseph," are messages conveyed to Omnes by the Discalced Carmelite Fr. Rafael Pascual Elías, appointed director of the Spanish Josephite Center of Valladolid.

Francisco Otamendi-March 12, 2026-Reading time: 7 minutes

“The most practical thing for the month of March is something key that we have to take back from our elders: talk to everyone about the month of St. Joseph! The month of March is the month of St. Joseph," says Fr. Rafael Pascual Elías OCD, new director of the Josephine Spanish Center Valladolid, with March 19 in perspective. The life of St. Teresa cannot be understood without Joseph, says the Discalced Carmelite.

Rafael Pascual Elías (Logroño, 1984) entered the Order in 2006, was ordained a priest in 2013, and has ministered in El Burgo de Osma, Alba de Tormes, Calahorra, Logroño and Zaragoza. 

Much of the interview focuses on the life of St. Teresa, who cannot be understood without St. Joseph, because it was he who cured him and became a father for his whole life in every way, says Fr. 

P. Rafael, can you summarize in two or three lines what will be your task at the head of the Spanish Josephine Center of Valladolid?

- Greetings to all Omnes readers. To begin with it is good to clarify that everything has come without being at all in my plans. Luis Javier Fernandez Frontela, died unexpectedly at the end of January and the Provincial, Francisco Sanchez Oreja, knowing my devotion to St. Joseph, invited me to be the new director of the Center. I said yes and now with great joy I assume this task knowing that the work that awaits me is not little. First of all I have to join the community of Valladolid, where the headquarters of the Joseph Center is located. That will be shortly before the beginning of the novena to St. Joseph.

The task is mainly focused on managing the journals published by the Josephine Center: a scientific one, Josephine Studies, and another popular one, St. Joseph's messenger. In addition, there is a large library with publications of all times and languages related to St. Joseph. There is also a sector with images and all kinds of realities related to St. Joseph. 

Antonio J. Benéitez and Fr. Arturo Beltrán, who form the board of directors. The first and foremost for this whole project will be to present it and leave it in the hands of St. Joseph.

Image of St. Joseph from the website of the Centro Josefino Español de Valladolid (@Centro Josefino Español de Valladolid, @centrojosefino.com).

You are a Discalced Carmelite, what would you highlight in the life of St. Theresa in relation to St. Joseph? How did she treat him, how did she pray to him?

- The life of St. Teresa can not be understood without St. Joseph because after many doctors and pleas to various saints, it is this saint who cures him of his illness that had no apparent solution. Before this fact St. Joseph becomes a father for her whole life in every way. 

Everything that follows has the gaze of St. Joseph. The first foundation he made was dedicated to St. Joseph; it was the famous monastery of St. Joseph of Avila. In addition, most of the rest of his foundations are also dedicated to this glorious saint. He even guides him in his travels and always carries with him an image that he leaves in every house he founds. 

St. Teresa of Jesus speaks of the great mercies that St. Joseph has made her...

- Much more could be said about the importance of San Jose in the life of St. Teresa, but the best of all is what she herself writes in her book of Life where she tells us how she prays to him, how she invites people to pray to him and to put their lives in his hands as a true father. Let St. Teresa speak:

“And I took the glorious Saint Joseph as my advocate and lord, and I entrusted myself to him. I saw clearly that from this need as well as from other greater needs of honor and loss of soul, this my father and lord brought me out with more good than I knew how to ask of him. 

And he went so far as to say that he could not remember anything that he had not stopped doing....

- I do not remember until now having begged him for anything that I have failed to do (said the saint of Avila). It is something that frightens the great mercies that God has done to me through this blessed Saint, of the dangers that he has freed me, both in body and soul; that to other saints it seems that the Lord gave them grace to help in one need, to this glorious Saint I have experience that he helps in all and that the Lord wants us to understand that just as it was subject to him on earth that as he had the name of father, being a godfather, he could command him, so in heaven he does whatever he asks of him. I tried to make his feast as solemn as I could. 

I would like to persuade everyone to be devoted to this glorious Saint, because of the great experience I have of the good things he obtains from God. 

St. Teresa advised us to take St. Joseph as our teacher of prayer.?

- I continue with the words of St. Teresa, and there is the answer. It seems to me that for some years now, every year on his day I ask him for something, and I always see it fulfilled (...) I only ask for the love of God that those who do not believe me try it, and they will see by experience the great good it is to entrust themselves to this glorious Patriarch and to have devotion to him. In particular, people of prayer should always be fond of him. 

Whoever does not find a teacher to teach him prayer, let him take this glorious Saint as his teacher and he will not err on the way. (Life 6, 6-8).

Can you name 4 or 5 titles of San José that we can benefit from?

- Jerónimo Gracián de la Madre de Dios, a great devotee of St. Joseph and faithful defender of the Teresian charism, who supported St. Teresa of Jesus with great tenacity in the beginnings of the Discalced Carmel. 

At Josefina, Gracian presents St. Joseph under 5 headings that I think are the ones that can best help us to know and love St. Joseph.

The first is a husband, the second a father, the third a righteous man, the fourth an angelic man, and the fifth a contemplative man. 

Which San José title would you choose?

- I will keep this one: father! St. Joseph is father, father of all, father of every child who wants to be united to his Son! Let us always approach St. Joseph as father and our life will change completely!

 Why is St. Joseph the patron saint of the universal Church?

- The answer is clear. Pope Pius IX on December 8, 1870, with the decree Quemadmodum Deus declares St. Joseph patron of the universal Church. These are very stormy times and it is necessary to seek refuge and defense in the one who defends Jesus and Mary in this world. 

This is what Pius IX himself says in the same decree and which is also useful today: “In these sad times the Church herself is attacked everywhere by her enemies and is oppressed by such grave calamities that it seems that the wicked make the gates of hell prevail over her, the venerable bishops of the entire Catholic world, raised their prayers to the Supreme Pontiff so that he would deign to make Saint Joseph the patron of the Church” (Pius IX).”.

Shortly after, Pope Leo XIII will arrive with his well-known and widespread prayer to St. Joseph asking for the protection of the whole Church. As the years went by, and on the 150th anniversary of the proclamation of St. Joseph as patron of the universal Church, Pope Francis dedicated the year and the letter Patris Corde to him.

Tell us something about the most recent Popes and St. Joseph.

- I focus on those I have known, which at the same time serve to summarize my spiritual relationship with St. Joseph. We cannot speak of St. Joseph without the Apostolic Exhortation Custodian of the Redeemer of Pope St. John Paul II. It is a brief but very complete treatise on a Pope that I had the good fortune to meet in person when I entered the seminary and participated in the great celebration of May 4, 2003 in Madrid where 5 Spanish saints were canonized. 

At that time, when I was 19, St. Joseph begins to be a somewhat more beloved saint as he is the patron of the seminary and vocations, but not a devotion to any great extent.

And Benedict XVI?

- With Benedict XVI something very curious happens, one of his homilies, that of December 22, 2013, is dedicated to St. Joseph. It had remained hidden in secret until it came to light years later. It is no coincidence that the date is very significant for me because I had barely been ordained a priest for two months. 

I notice a phrase that helps me a lot in my priestly life: “It is important for us to have this sensitivity to God, this ability to perceive that God is speaking to me, and this ability to discern. Of course, God does not normally speak to us as he spoke to Joseph through the angel, but he also has his ways of speaking to us. They are gestures of God's tenderness”. As I read it, I am filled with joy and I realize that St. Joseph was already preparing something, but as always, he speaks in silence.

- We arrived at Pope Francis...

- Indeed. When the Apostolic Letter Patris Corde Pope Francis, my life is turned upside down with St. Joseph. When I read it and meditate on it, I feel something special. I begin to pray to St. Joseph in a different way and more frequently, I buy books about St. Joseph, I make his novena from my heart as never before, I invite people to pray with St. Joseph to his Son in adoration in the convent where I am..., and in the end I end up in Valladolid at the Joseph Center.

Finally, something practical for March, or about your party..

The most practical thing for the month of March is something key that we have to take back from our elders: to speak to everyone about the month of St. Joseph! The month of March is the month of St. Joseph! Just as June is the month of the Sacred Heart, May is the month of Our Lady, July is the month of Mount Carmel, in March we should all look to St. Joseph. Although it is also true that it is the time of Lent.

You speak of devotionals or booklets about St. Joseph. .

- Just as we have devotionals for the month of May for the Blessed Mother, there are also devotionals for St. Joseph for the month of March. Let us look in second-hand bookstores or in the homes of our grandparents for little paperbacks with “Month of St. Joseph” on the cover! And to this let us add the novena, united in our homes or in the church we go to on Sundays if they celebrate it; and let us live in a very special way the feast of our Father St. Joseph as a family. What would the family be without the protection of St. Joseph...?

Do you accept collaborations?

- If any reader wants to write a study on St. Joseph or how is his devotion to the glorious patriarch, the doors are open to him at the Joseph Center of Valladolid.

The authorFrancisco Otamendi

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The World

Dom Matteo Ferrari: “Loneliness is not isolation, but a path to deeper communion”.”

Interview with Dom Matteo Ferrari, Prior General of the Camaldolese Congregation, on the relevance of monastic life and the spiritual challenges of our time.

Giovanni Tridente-March 12, 2026-Reading time: 7 minutes

There is a fact that crosses our time and that cannot be overlooked: on the one hand, increasingly frenetic rhythms, polarizations that harden the public debate - also the ecclesial - and a digital environment that reduces the spaces for interiority; on the other hand, a search for meaning that reappears with force, sometimes outside the usual channels of the Church, but no less profound for that reason. In this context, the monastic proposal does not sound like nostalgia for the past, but rather a fully current provocation. Ancient“ words such as silence, communion, sobriety, fraternity and shared life place the essential at the center of Christian life.

Dom Matteo Ferrari, Prior General of the Camaldolese Congregation, was born in 1974 in Parma and has been a monk in Camaldoli since 2001 and a priest since 2010. An esteemed biblical scholar and liturgist, author of numerous publications, he was responsible for the liturgies during the two sessions (2023 and 2024) of the XVI General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on synodality.

In this interview for Omnes reflects on the relevance of monastic life, the value of silence in a society saturated with stimuli, the challenge of polarization, the credibility of the Gospel and the spiritual quest that many men and women face today.

Matteo Ferrari, you are Prior General of the Camaldolese Congregation. What spiritual community is it and from what experience is it historically born in the Church?  

-The Camaldolese Congregation is a branch of the Benedictine family and was born from the intuition of a monk from Ravenna, St. Romuald, who, in search of a simpler and more sober spiritual experience, found in the eremitical life the path for his inner search. Romuald, whose life is narrated by St. Peter Damian, died in 1027; therefore, next year we will celebrate the millennium of the death of our founder, but also of the dedication of the first church of the Sacred Hermitage of Camaldoli.

If one wanted to summarize Camaldolese spirituality in two words, one would propose: solitude and communion. Two fundamental poles of the monastic life, which in Camaldoli take visible form in the experience of the Hermitage, and the solitary life, and in the Monastery/Cenobium, the common life. However, in the wake of the Benedictine tradition, also the life of the Hermitage at Camaldoli is not a choice of isolation or of a totally solitary life, but a certain communitarian dimension is always experienced, especially in the sharing of liturgical prayer.

In line with the style of the Camaldolese monk, what does it mean, in concrete terms, to keep silence and fraternity together?  

-Keeping silence/solitude and fraternity together is an extremely fruitful dialogue, as well as a great challenge. Hermitage and Monastery do not live “parallel lives”, but it is as if they educate each other. The Hermitage tells the Monastery that there is no true communion if one does not live the fruitful solitude of the encounter with God and with oneself, that one cannot live with others who does not know how to be alone before oneself and before God; the Monastery tells the Hermitage that solitude is not isolation and is not an end in itself, but is for a deeper communion with God and with others. A Christian can never live his experience of faith outside the community, even if he lives the most radical form of solitude as seclusion.

In your opinion, does monastic life still have something to say to the Church and the world today?  

-I believe that monastic life is a fundamental vocation for the Church today. At least for the Church in the West. The world, in fact, knows very diverse and fruitful experiences of faith. Romuald's intuition was not the search for solitude as an end in itself, but, deep down, the search for greater sobriety. I believe that today this is a fundamental word for living the Gospel. The monastic life is the vocation that in the Church constantly reminds everyone to go to the essentials of the Word of God, of prayer, of fraternity.

“If I wanted to summarize in two words the Camaldolese spirituality I would propose: solitude and communion. Two fundamental poles of monastic life”.

Matteo FerrariPrior General of the Camaldolese Congregation

One lives in the city, with frenetic rhythms... What can Camaldolese spirituality offer to those who are not monks but wish to seek God in everyday life?  

-Many lay people and priests frequent our communities especially in search of a different “rhythm. All of them, when they begin to pray with us, are initially struck by a purely external but significant fact: slowness. A rhythm that allows us to interiorize, to pause for reflection, to discern before the Word, to live the gratuitousness of time. I think this is another gift of monastic life: gratuitousness. The monk, in a way, ”wastes time“. I think that today this is a fundamental message, because gratuitousness is a paschal sign. The life of Jesus was also a time given freely. Monastic life, with its rhythms, its time ”wasted“ in prayer and liturgy, is a paschal sign that reminds everyone that in life the things that really count are not those that are born in the time of ”production“, but in the space of gratuitousness.

What wounds and what questions do those who come to the monasteries in search of listening and peace most often bring?  

-The questions and searches of those who come to our communities are very different. The monastery is a space open to all, without asking questions, without conditions. People seek silence, listening, different rhythms of life. Often people seek “consolation” in particular moments of their life; they seek spiritual nourishment in the encounter with the Word of God in the lectio divina and in the liturgy. There is a great need for spirituality, at times not specified, but present in the hearts of the men and women who come to our hermitages and monasteries. I think that offering this hospitality is fundamental in the Church today. Basically, monasticism, in the practice of hospitality, so important in the Rule of St. Benedict, is a privileged place where we find a hospitable face of the Church, which is a continuity of the same ministry of the Lord Jesus.

In various countries, a new spiritual need seems to be emerging, a search that does not always pass through the Church. How to interpret this dynamism and how to accompany it adequately?  

-This search crosses the life of our communities and the forms of our welcome. I believe that this fact should challenge all our Christian communities. In the episode of the wedding feast at Cana, Mary realizes that there is no more wine and that we need the courage to listen to the Son's words so that the water can become God's good wine, so that the feast can continue. Perhaps all Christian communities should ask themselves about the “lack of wine” and listen to the words of the Mother: “do whatever he tells you”. Then, if we have the courage to pour out the poor water we have, we will be able to realize that we can offer that wine which is capable of satisfying the spiritual search of the men and women of our time.

Another feature of contemporary societies is the strong polarization in many contexts, including the ecclesial context. How can we prevent differences from turning into confrontation?

-I believe that the presence of two poles in our communities can be a small example of how polarities can be lived as a richness for all and not as an element of division. True fraternity is that which is born from the valorization of differences: only many different precious stones can make a beautiful jewel. But this entails a care for the interior life and spirituality. Without spiritual life, without prayer and without listening to the Word of God, we will never learn to integrate differences into a fruitful dialogue. And all this is not easy and the challenge of common life tells us this clearly.

“Solitude is not isolation and is not an end in itself, but is for a deeper communion with God and with others.”.

Matteo FerrariPrior General of the Camaldolese Congregation

Along with religious indifference, there is also a growing rejection or suspicion of the Christian faith in some contexts. What is this situation saying to Christians?  

-I think it is a call to “live well,” to seek that coherence of life that is fundamental and at the same time very difficult. But deep down this has always been the test of the presence of Jesus' disciples in the world. The New Testament bears witness to this. Let us think of the First Letter of Peter: “Adore the Lord Christ in your hearts, always being ready to give an answer to anyone who asks you to give an account of the hope that is in you. But do this with gentleness and respect, with a right conscience, so that when you are slandered, those who slander your good conduct in Christ may be put to shame.” (1 Peter 3:16).

What attitudes make the Gospel more credible to those who observe the Church from the outside?  

-I think that today fraternal life is fundamental: how do we live in community? The people who come to our monasteries, especially the younger ones, are very attentive to the relational dynamics, to the fraternal climate they perceive. Sometimes even we are surprised by what people notice. We often feel lacking, we see above all our defects and our wounds, but the people who frequent us often perceive a positivity that even we do not see. Fraternal life, communion, is a fundamental factor in witnessing to the Gospel today. Then I also believe that prayer, the time dedicated to God, to listening to his Word, is an aspect of the Christian life that others see and from which the authenticity of what we live can be understood.

In your relationship with young people seeking spiritual accompaniment, what questions come up most frequently and what risks hindering their faith journey?   

-Young people are first and foremost looking for listening. In our Christian communities, where so many things are done, there is often a lack of time for welcoming and listening. Young people are also looking for someone who can help them to descend into their inner world, to know themselves. This is where the search for spirituality and an encounter with God and his Word begins. We are often too afraid to offer young people serious paths of spiritual accompaniment, of prayer, of relationship with the Word of God. 

“True fraternity is that which is born from the appreciation of differences: only many different precious stones can make a beautiful jewel”.

Matteo FerrariPrior General of the Camaldolese Congregation

You have written a letter to the Camaldolese Community to initiate a reflection on the use of social networks, smartphone What is the essential point, for you, in the relationship between spiritual life and technology?  

-I believe, even though I am not an expert in this field, that it is a knot that we cannot avoid. There is a great forgotten protagonist of life, which is called “silence”. Today we are no longer able to make silence and social networks, smartphone and the digital world have to do with this. Especially for a monk, but I would say for everyone, if silence is missing, a fundamental component of life that allows the encounter with others, with oneself and with God disappears. Reflect on the use of social networks, smartphone and digital media leads us to reflect on our capacity for silence, which is also the presupposition of freedom.

Finally, a word of advice: what concrete steps can be taken to recover silence, listening and space for God in daily life?  

It is a “struggle” and like any struggle it requires commitment, training and time. Above all, I suggest to let oneself be helped: having someone to confront is essential and is an “ecclesial” act. The spiritual path is not individualistic, but always communitarian. The spiritual life is not learned in books or from other instruments, but is transmitted from living to living... it is a fact of living tradition. And then to start from the essential: from the relationship with the Word of God, which is “powerful” and has the power to renew and make our life flourish.

Gospel

The blind see and those who see remain blind. IV Sunday of Lent (A)

Vitus Ntube comments on the readings of the IV Sunday of Lent (A) corresponding to March 15, 2026.

Vitus Ntube-March 12, 2026-Reading time: 3 minutes

The Gospel scene that today's Liturgy offers us for our Lenten gallery is the healing of the man born blind. From its opening to its closing lines, the theme that dominates the entire narrative is that of sight and blindness.

The scene begins simply: “And as he passed by, Jesus saw a man blind from birth.”. A dialogue follows, and then Jesus reveals himself as the Light of the world. Finally a dramatic healing takes place that involves both Christ's initiative and man's cooperation. Jesus acts, but man must respond. Obeying the Lord's command: “He went, washed himself, and came back with sight".

This man, blind from birth, is an image of each one of us. We were conceived in sin, but God's mercy has come to meet us. Like the blind man sent to be washed, our Lenten journey reminds us of our constant need for conversion. Sin blinds us, distorts our vision and prevents us from seeing clearly. That is why we need to be washed again and again to regain our sight. The call to ongoing conversion during Lent is made very concrete in the frequent celebration of the sacrament of reconciliation.

True conversion is not only repentance from sin, but also allows us to see with God's eyes, to see as God sees. God's gaze goes beyond appearances and reaches the heart. This theme of sight is also central to the first reading. When Samuel goes to anoint a king among the sons of Jesse, he allows himself to be impressed by appearance and stature. But the Lord corrects him: “Don't look at his appearance or how tall he is, because I've ruled that out. It is not a question of what man sees. For man looks at the eyes, but the Lord looks at the heart.”. This divine way of seeing is beautifully expressed in the preface of the Mass: “Through the mystery of the incarnation, he led the human race, a pilgrim in darkness, to the splendor of faith.”. This step towards the light of faith is God's call to us.

Seeing as God sees requires faith. Faith gives us the vision of Christ; it grants us the supernatural sight we so desire. The man blind from birth, after receiving his bodily sight, still had to take one more step: the step toward spiritual sight. His recovered sight enabled him to meet Christ and believe in Him. This contrasts sharply with the Pharisees, who saw physically, but refused to believe. Although they claimed to see, they remained spiritually blind. That is why Jesus says to them: “If you were blind, you would have no sin; but since you say “we see,” your sin remains.".

The importance of seeing with the eyes of faith is expressed in the decisive question that Jesus asks the healed man: “Do you believe in the Son of man?”. In recognizing what Jesus had done for him, the man passes from the physical light to the light of faith and professes: “I believe, Lord”. This path of growth cannot be said of the Pharisees, who consider themselves healthy and in no need of healing.

As we approach the celebration of Easter, we are invited to wash the eyes of our faith, so that we may see as Christ sees. We are called to remove all sin that clouds our vision and darkens our heart. This requires humility, the humility to recognize that we are not perfect and the courage to repent of our sins, our false securities, our ideologies and our selfishness. 

The Vatican

Church unity comes from faith in Christ and love, says Pope

Continuing his series of reflections on the Second Vatican Council, the Pope focused on the Dogmatic Constitution “Lumen Gentium”, which describes the Church as the “People of God”.

OSV / Omnes-March 11, 2026-Reading time: 2 minutes

By Josephine Peterson, OSV News

The Catholic Church is made up of diverse people who are united by their faith in Christ and are called to welcome all humanity, Pope Leo XIV said during his weekly general audience.

“Its unifying principle is not a language, a culture, an ethnicity, but faith in Christ,” he said in St. Peter's Square on March 11.

Lumen Gentium

Continuing his series of reflections on the Second Vatican Council, the Pope focused on the Dogmatic Constitution “The Dogmatic Constitution of the Council".“Lumen Gentium”The Church is described as the “People of God”.

The Church is the assembly of “all those who in faith look to Jesus,” he said, united not by nationality or culture, but by their shared faith in Christ.

The Pope said this understanding has its roots in the Bible, pointing to God's covenant with Abraham and the people of Israel, which prepared the way for the new covenant established through the death and resurrection of Jesus.

Leo XIV affirmed that love is the law that governs relationships within the Church, as believers receive and experience it through Jesus. Through Christ, believers of all nations are united in faith, he said. The Church is the people of God who «draw their existence from the body of Christ and are, in turn, the body of Christ.».

Instead of closing in on itself, the Pope said, the Church must remain open to all.

«Unified in Christ, Lord and Savior of every man and woman, the Church can never withdraw into herself, but is open to all and is for all,» he said.

In a world marked by conflict and division, Pope Leo XIV added, the diversity of the Church is a sign of hope.

«It is a great sign of hope - especially in our times, marked by so many conflicts and wars - to know that the Church is a people in which women and men of diverse nationalities, languages and cultures live together in faith,» he said.

Lebanon and Iran

Before greeting the Italian speakers, the Pope affirmed that he was close to the Lebanese people «in this moment of grave trial» following the death of Father Pierre El-Rahi. The Maronite priest was killed in an Israeli bombing in southern Lebanon on March 9. The Pope announced that his funeral would be held on March 11 in Al-Qlayaa, a Christian village. 

In Arabic, ‘Adrachi’ means shepherd. Father Pierre was a true shepherd who always remained close to his people with the love and sacrifice of Jesus, the Good Shepherd," he said in Italian. As soon as he heard that some parishioners had been wounded in a bombing, without hesitation, he ran to help them.

Before the audience, Pope Leo XIV met privately with Cardinal Dominique J. Mathieu, Archbishop of Tehran and Isfahan (Iran). The Belgian cardinal, a member of the Franciscan Order, arrived in Rome on March 8 after being evacuated along with all the members of the Italian Embassy, where he resides. 

During the general audience, Pope Leo XIV asked for prayers for peace in Iran and throughout the Middle East, especially for the many civilian victims and innocent children. 

«May our prayer be a consolation for those who suffer and a seed of hope for the future,» he said.

The authorOSV / Omnes

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The Vatican

Pope receives Cardinal of Iran

Pope Leo XIV met this morning in audience with Cardinal Dominique Mathieu, Archbishop of Tehran-Isfahan.

Editorial Staff Omnes-March 11, 2026-Reading time: 2 minutes

Pope Leo XIV receives this morning in audience Cardinal Dominique Mathieu, Archbishop of Tehran-Isfahan. For the moment, no details have been released about the matters to be discussed during the meeting. However, all indications are that the Cardinal has reportedly conveyed to the Pontiff the situation of the small Catholic community in Iran, as well as the prospects for the establishment of peace in the country.

Mathieu is currently the only priest in his archdiocese. The Catholic Church of the Latin rite in Iran has about 2,000 faithful, most of them foreigners, within a population of approximately 90 million inhabitants, predominantly Shiite Muslims. The Catholics of the Latin rite are distributed in four parishes: three in Tehran and one in Isfahan.

Cardinal forced to leave the country

The Cardinal had to leave Iran last weekend because of the war. The Cathedral of the Consolata, along with the Archbishop's residence and administrative offices, are located within the compound of the Italian Embassy in Iran. Faced with the temporary closure of the diplomatic headquarters, the archbishop was forced to leave the country to preserve his security.

After his evacuation to Rome, the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, to which he belongs, confirmed that the cardinal is in good condition.

Mathieu expressed his sadness for having to leave the country and the pain he feels for “his brothers and sisters” who remain there. The prelate also expressed his hope to be able to return soon and asked for prayers so that “hearts may find inner peace”.

A pastor for a small church

The 62-year-old Belgian cardinal was appointed archbishop of Tehran-Isfahan in 2021 and created a cardinal in 2024 by Pope Francis.

In addition to the approximately 2,000 faithful of the Latin rite that he pastors, there are other Eastern Catholic communities in Iran. The most numerous is that of the Catholics of the Chaldean rite, made up mainly of faithful of Assyrian origin who celebrate the liturgy in Aramaic and who are estimated to number between 7,000 and 10,000 believers.

There is also a small community of Catholics of the Armenian rite, a minority within the Armenian community of the country -mainly Orthodox- with a few thousand faithful.

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Cinema

The director of Las Locas del Obelisco: «we must get rid of the corset of political correctness».»

Las Locas del Obelisco is a film that reveals a reality that still exists: prostitution, white slavery and abuse. Its director, Pablo Moreno, helps us understand how these "madwomen", the Trinitarias, rescued so many women in 19th century Madrid.

Teresa Aguado Peña-March 11, 2026-Reading time: 7 minutes

On March 13, the following will be released in Spain Las Locas del Obelisco, a film that deals with a delicate reality that few dare to explore. In Madrid in 1885, the Lord prompted Mariana Allsopp and Father Francisco de Asís Méndez to create a shelter open day and night to house those fleeing sexual exploitation, thus founding the Congregation of the Trinitarian Sisters.

Human trafficking, prostitution and abuses are particularly exposed with special sensitivity in Las Locas del Obelisco. The founder of the Trinitarias, played by Paula Iglesias, did not look the other way, but tried to rescue these women despite social and media pressure.

The story of this brave woman leaves no one indifferent. It is a story that invites to action and puts on the table the existence of a drama that many live oblivious to. Pablo Moreno, director of other films such as A forbidden God (2013) o Claret (2020), explains in Omnes why he believes it is vital to be aware of this reality.

Is the film called Locas del Obelisco Do you want to convey something with that “crazy”?

-Yes. The first thing is that this was what they called them, the Trinitarians. It was an insult that was used against them.

When we thought of the title, we wanted it to be transgressive. That's why we decided to use that insult. In the end, they themselves reinterpreted it: that “crazy” that appeared in the media, they assumed it by saying: “Okay, they call us crazy, but we are Christ's crazy”. It is a madness of love, something that goes beyond madness itself, something more transcendental. And that seemed very interesting to us.

Then there is the issue of the Obelisco. In the beginning they were in a house in the Paseo del Obelisco and that is how they were known in Madrid. Sometimes to their regret, but it also ended up being something positive, because the media attention -even though it was often against them- gave them a lot of visibility and, in the end, helped them to prosper.

This story invites action, to not look the other way. How do you intend this film to translate into that action?

-The first thing is to show a problem that existed in Madrid and still exists today, not only in Madrid but, unfortunately, in many other places.

We have talked to people who were not aware that in Madrid at the end of the 19th century there was so much prostitution, so much trafficking and so many situations of deprivation of freedom. Sometimes we think that we live in a very developed or balanced society, but in the back rooms, in the darkest corners, there are hidden realities that we prefer not to look at head on.

These are problems that are still there. There are thousands of women who suffer: not only from trafficking or prostitution, but also from labor situations that border on slavery, from abuse in its different forms or from different types of violence.

These women dedicated their lives, above all, to rescuing these girls and giving them back their dignity and freedom. For them, freedom was fundamental. Most significantly, they have been doing this work for 141 years. Their mission remains vital.

What can an ordinary Christian do?

-Just not looking away is enough. A colleague from the film project, who was part of the technical team, was walking down the street one day and came across a girl who was begging. She approached her, talked to her and immediately referred her to the Trinitarian Sisters, who were finally able to help her.

It may seem that simply knowing about these realities is not enough, but in reality it is a lot, because we are already predisposed to bring about a change. And, evidently, as Christians we are called to denounce apostolically the injustices and situations that deprive so many human beings, so many women, of their freedom. Many times we do not adopt this attitude simply out of ignorance, so if we knew about it, we would be able to make things a little different.

How did you come to know this story of the Trinitarias? How did you come up with the idea of making this film? 

-It didn't really occur to me, which is the best thing of all. The Trinitarian Sisters wanted to make a film and we had sent to different congregations an advertisement for the work we do.

And it was by providence that this publicity, this letter that we sent, landed on the desk of the office of the Superior General of the Trinitarian Sisters, who at that very moment were planning to make a film to talk about their charism and their founders, because it was the 100th anniversary of the death of their founder. It was curious that they called us and we immediately fell in love with their story.

We saw that it was necessary to tell it. And so we began a period of documentation, where we met María Ana Allsopp and Father Francisco de Asís Méndez, two great figures of the late nineteenth century. I was totally unaware of them, but I found them to be very advanced and with a very high social and ecclesial sensitivity. 

During that process, what aspects of the characters have struck you the most or particularly moved you?

-I am moved by the fact that they are human beings, like you and me, who had a very hard time because at the beginning it was difficult for them to find a way to carry out what the Lord was asking them to do.

Father Francisco wanted to help the girls because he was a confessor at Encarnación and many women came to him to tell him everything they were experiencing. However, he did not know what to do or where to start. He felt an enormous desire to help them, but also the helplessness of not finding a way.

Something similar was happening to Mariana. She felt the desire to do something for the world and not just to comply with what was expected of a woman of her time: to achieve an “honorable status” and follow the marked path.

These two tremendously human sensibilities make me think and challenge me about what I can do for the world. I realized that we are not so different from those great figures of the 19th century. It is simply a matter of taking a step in one direction and having the courage to decide whether we want to take it or not.

Do you think that, somehow, there is a constraint on Christians or on society in general, so that those who act in truth can be seen as “crazy”? Is this also an invitation to live that radicality?

-No doubt. In fact, you said a word that seems to me to define it very well: the constriction. In the film, there is a moment when Mariana decides to break with all that. She arrives home and with a letter opener she breaks her corset. And she just takes the handkerchief from behind the corset and finds a sacred heart. So, in a way, semiotically we are talking all the time about the same thing.

We have to get out of the corset, we have to get out of political correctness, out of what we are expected to do because it is socially acceptable.

Sometimes you have to let yourself be seized by this “madness” and go a step further, because there are many injustices. Whoever wants to help others has to get down in the mud, even if we don't like to get dirty. I like very much a story of St. Vincent: he says that if a priest goes to celebrate Mass and finds a man stuck in the mud, and he gets dirty helping him and does not get to celebrate Mass, he is not really abandoning God, but serving God (abandoning God for God).

Making a film like this implies breaking out of that social corset: it's a risky subject. How has this influenced your experience of faith?

-I sometimes jokingly say that it is time for Catholics to «come out of the closet» and express who we are in freedom, with commitment and respect.

I have been making films on this subject for 20 years and sometimes the stories go down well and sometimes badly, and the media repercussions can be very harsh. For example, with the film A forbidden God We received quite a lot of criticism. It was very difficult for us to take two steps in a row without receiving harsh criticism.

In this case, obviously, it is a transcendent film. There is an iconography and a semiotics. Christ himself appears. It cannot be avoided. But we want it to be a film that anyone, believer or non-believer, can see and enjoy.

I believe that in the Church it is difficult for us to make known the good that we do and that the tree that falls sounds more than the billion trees that grow. But we have the obligation to share with the world that we are part of it and that together, believers and non-believers, if we add up, we build.

We do not have a dogmatizing or indoctrinating commitment. What we want is to share how we Catholics see life, to share the Good News, to share the hope and joy of the Gospel with believers and non-believers alike.

Pablo Moreno, director of Las Locas del Obelisco

Prostitutes are generally judged, does this film aim to dismantle prejudices and «take away their guilt»?

-The case of prostitution is seen as a very big scourge and there are people who obviously judge without knowing. That is to say, they are seen as bad women when one does not know the circumstances.

Most of them are extorted, have been kidnapped or entered into it in the hope of being able to support their families. And there is something very hard about that. Understanding it is not easy either. It's easier to judge than to understand the reasons.

It seems to us that, as Sartre said, «hell is the other». But do we stop to think who the other is? The Gospel tells us that salvation is in the other. And I believe that we have to make a social leap in this sense and try to know.

Knowledge engages, and if you commit to a cause, you may even come to love it. And what you love doesn't go away. It has to do with that empathy. Why are they there? What is their suffering? As Christians, we must carry the cross. And not just our own, but also the cross of others.